EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR CROPS

Vietnam National University of Agriculture Faculty of Biotechnology EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR CROPS STUDENTS Full name Student ID Nguyen Van Son, Mr 570924 Dang Thi Thao, Ms 570930 Ngo Thi Thao, Ms 570929 Nguyen Thi Tho, Ms 570999 Dinh Thi Thom, Ms 570829 Nguyen Minh Thuy, Ms 575680 Nguyen Thi Thuy, Ms 570833 Dong Bao Tram, Ms 570840 Tran Thi Doan Trang, Ms 570838 10 Dang Ngoc Trung, Mr 571006 11 Truong Thi Hong Uyen, Ms 571011 12 Tran Thi Thanh Xuan, Ms 570948 CONTENTS I Sprinkler irrigation II Drip irrigation INTRODUCTION HISTORY AND APPLICATIONS MECHANISM ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES In the production of clean and sustainable agriculture, In the production of clean and sustainable agriculture, which system is needed for leafy green vegetables and which system is needed for leafy green vegetables and which is used for fruit trees? which is used for fruit trees? Watering the plant is a very important requirement in agricultural production To irrigate efficiently, we need to choose the appropriate irrigation methods for each type of plant, soil conditions, topographical conditions and water resources Several methods are currently applied, that are:  Sprinkler irritation applied for leafy green vegetables  Drip irritation for fruit trees Sprinkler Irritation Introduction The sprinkler method of irrigation is which water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the ground surface somewhat resembling rainfall Sprinklers need pressure to spray water onto crops and gardens Water-saving irrigation technology in Israel Sprinkler irrigated newly planted field in Israel Sprinkler Irritation • • In the first century It used water power Nearly two millennia later History • • it used steam for propulsion Sprinkler Irritation Early Sprinkler methods lacked a delivery system • • By steam pumps emerged from hoses with force enough to spray plants, but irrigation Lawn sprinkler In the 18th and 19th centuries Steam pumps • With rotating heads, swivel-head models, impact sprinklers, hoses and nozzles Water-Propelled Sprinklers(1871) Agricultural Systems Underground Sprinklers • Use giant rain-gun sprinklers similar to impact heads • Propelled further by higher pressures • In the 20th century • Operated by electric or hydraulic technology can be simple or elaborate Sprinkler Irritation Sprinkler irritation are effectively applied to all types of farmland, for fields with complex Application terrain, the land is not flat, the slope of 25% or less and is less affected by wind speed Fig: Fig: Intensive Intensive cultivation cultivation of of soybeans soybeans using using rotary rotary irrigation irrigation system, system, Goias Goias State, State, Brazil Brazil Fig: Fig: Potato Potato field field with with sprinkler sprinkler irrigation, irrigation, Bakersfield, Bakersfield, California California Sprinkler Irritation Fig: Fig: China China Enlists Enlists Israel's Israel's Help Help In In Improving Improving Crop Crop Production, Production, Fertilizer Fertilizer Use Use 10 Drip Irritation • This system was established in 1959 by Blass who partnered later • In the United States, the first drip tape, called Dew Hose, was developed by Richard Chapin of Chapin Watermatics in the early 1960s Richard D Chapin (1918-2014) 23 Drip Irritation Drop irrigation is applied for growing of coconut, banana, strawberry, corn, tomato and some industrial plants,…in agriculture, landscape ,farm or glass house This method is a technology widely used in the world and more and more popular in Viet Nam 24 Drip Irritation • • In the world In South America and Europe, drip irrigation has became popular It’s developing in Asia, particularly in India and China where has the proportion of irrigated area of the world's largest India and China are the two countries where has the proportion of Micro-irrigation and Drip irrigation in greenhouse in Xiquing, China irrigated area of the world's largest 25 Drip Irritation Israel irrigation technology is at the forefront of the world Netafim Corporation (Israel) There are more than 110 countries around the world are using the technology and its equipment Cabbage plants grow in a field where a drip-irrigation system is installed near San Domingo, Cape Verde 26 Drip Irritation     In vietnam Developed in Vietnam since 2001 The Hasfarm Dalat company pioneered in flower growing on an industrial scale with automatic drip irrigation Drip irrigation system in the company and the company Tau Lam Boniefarm in Dalat Drip irrigation system at the Center for Grape Sadec Binh Thuan 27 Drip Irritation • • • • • • Main Main and and sub-main sub-main lines lines Laterals Laterals Emitters/drippers Emitters/drippers Pump Pump set set Control Control head head Filters Filters 28 Drip Irritation Pumping set • Take water from the source • Create the right pressure for delivery into the pipe system Control head • • • Consists of valves to control the discharge and pressure Often have filters to remove fine material suspended in the water Some units contain a fertilizer or nutrient tank =>slowly add a measured dose of fertilizer into the water during irrigation 29 Drip Irritation Mainlines, sub-mains and laterals • Distribute water from the control head into the field • Made from rigid PVC or high density polyethylene pipes • Should be buried below ground (coz easily degrade when exposed to direct solar radiation) Emitters /drippers • • Control the discharge of water from the lateral to the plants Emit water in the form of drops or continuous flow 30 Drip Irritation Valve: temporarily turn the system on or off Backflow preventer: prevent dirt, bacteria and other contaminants from flowing back into the main water line Pressure regulator: reduce water pressure and maintain it at a constant level Tubing adapter: connect the particular type of tubing Illustration of a very simple drip system 31 Drip Irritation Advantages Advantages (1) (2) (3) Advantages related to water Advantages related to cropping and Advantages related to system and soil issues cultural practices infrastructure 32 Drip Irritation (1)  More efficient water use  Greater water application uniformity  Less water quality hazards  Can use recycled water safely  Can irrigate water in irregular shaped land  Soil erosion is not taken place  Soil infiltration capacity is increased  Improved opportunities for use of degraded waters  No runoff of fertilizers into ground water 33 Drip Irritation (2)  Seed germination is improved  Enhanced plant growth, crop yield and quality  Better weed control  Improved fertilizer and pesticide management  Improved double cropping opportunities 34 Drip Irritation  Automation  Design flexibility  Decreased energy costs  System integrity issues (less subject to irrigation system (3) corrosion)  System longevity is high 35 Drip Irritation  • • Water and soil issues Smaller wetting pattern difficult operation to evaluate and system Cropping and cultural practices application uniformity •  Reduced upward water movement • •  increasing the salinity hazard Restricted plant root development Row spacing and crop rotation issues (difficult to accommodate crops of different row spacing) •  • • • System infrastructure High cost May cause clogging if water is not filtered correctly The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation, Plant development issues (Some crops shortening their usable life; the PVC pipes often suffer may not develop properly under drip from rodent damage irrigation in some soils and climates) • • Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest Cannot be used for damage control by night frosts 36 37 [...]... describes the use of buried, unglazed clay pots filled with water as a means of irrigation  Germany, 1860 when researchers began experimenting with subsurface irrigation using clay pipe to create  1920s, application of perforated pipe systems 21 Drip Irritation • The usage of plastic to hold and distribute water in drip irrigation was later developed in Australia by Hannis Thill • Then it was developed... has the proportion of Micro -irrigation and Drip irrigation in greenhouse in Xiquing, China irrigated area of the world's largest 25 Drip Irritation Israel irrigation technology is at the forefront of the world Netafim Corporation (Israel) There are more than 110 countries around the world are using the technology and its equipment Cabbage plants grow in a field where a drip -irrigation system is installed... water is not filtered correctly The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation, Plant development issues (Some crops shortening their usable life; the PVC pipes often suffer may not develop properly under drip from rodent damage irrigation in some soils and climates) • • Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest Cannot be used for damage control by night frosts 36 ... vietnam Developed in Vietnam since 2001 The Hasfarm Dalat company pioneered in flower growing on an industrial scale with automatic drip irrigation Drip irrigation system in the company and the company Tau Lam Boniefarm in Dalat Drip irrigation system at the Center for Grape Sadec Binh Thuan 27 Drip Irritation • • • • • • Main Main and and sub-main sub-main lines lines Laterals Laterals Emitters/drippers... from the area during irrigation Reserve water source should be large and stable Saline water may cause problem 17 Sprinkler Irritation Land was always moistured so weeds growth quickly In the sprinklers process raindrops sprayed on the Water must be free from sand, debris and ground causing soil compaction large amount of salt 18 Drip Irritation Introduction Drip irrigation (trickle irrigation) is the... sprinkler irrigation system      A pump unit Tubings- main/submains and laterals Couplers Sprinkler head Other accessories such as valves, bends, plugs and risers Tubings Couplers Sprinkler head 13 Sprinkler Irritation 14 Sprinkler Irritation General rules for sprinkler system design • • • • • • • Main should be laid up and down hill Lateral should be laid across the slope or nearly on the contour For. .. issues cultural practices infrastructure 32 Drip Irritation (1)  More efficient water use  Greater water application uniformity  Less water quality hazards  Can use recycled water safely  Can irrigate water in irregular shaped land  Soil erosion is not taken place  Soil infiltration capacity is increased  Improved opportunities for use of degraded waters  No runoff of fertilizers into ground water... to irrigation system (3) corrosion)  System longevity is high 35 Drip Irritation  • • Water and soil issues Smaller wetting pattern difficult operation to evaluate and system Cropping and cultural practices application uniformity •  Reduced upward water movement • •  increasing the salinity hazard Restricted plant root development Row spacing and crop rotation issues (difficult to accommodate crops. .. Chapin (1918-2014) 23 Drip Irritation Drop irrigation is applied for growing of coconut, banana, strawberry, corn, tomato and some industrial plants,…in agriculture, landscape ,farm or glass house This method is a technology widely used in the world and more and more popular in Viet Nam 24 Drip Irritation • • In the world In South America and Europe, drip irrigation has became popular It’s developing... Take water from the source • Create the right pressure for delivery into the pipe system Control head • • • Consists of valves to control the discharge and pressure Often have filters to remove fine material suspended in the water Some units contain a fertilizer or nutrient tank =>slowly add a measured dose of fertilizer into the water during irrigation 29 Drip Irritation Mainlines, sub-mains and laterals