TIẾNG ANH 12 unit 8 life in the future

NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Unit LIFE IN THE FUTURE GRAMMAR REVISION: Article and Preposition A ARTICLE (MẠO TỪ) A/ An: Mạo từ không xác định (a, an) dùng với dnah từ số đếm trường hợp sau: a) Danh từ chưa xác định có nghĩa chung chung b) c) d) e) My brother has just bought a new book A luxurious car may cost you around million dollars in Viet Nam Danh từ số đếm với nghĩa “một” I raise a cat in my family I have just an apple for lunch because I’m going on a diet Danh từ nghề nghiệp I am a teacher Trong cụm từ số lượng, đo lường: a pair of, a couple of, a dozen of, a kilo of, a liter of, a packet of, a bottle of, a piece of, a bunch of, a few, a little She’s just bought a new pair of shoes There is a bottle of milk in the fridge Trong cấu trúc cảm thán với What: What an awful day! What a beautiful dress you have! The : Mạo từ xác định (the) dùng với danh từ số số nhiều, đếm hay không đếm trường hợp sau: a) Danh từ xác định I have a blue dress and a white one The blue dress is a gift from my mother and the white one is a gift I bought for myself b) Danh từ vật nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth, the universe, the globe, the King, the Queen, …… The sun sets in the west c) Danh từ loại nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano, the drum ……… I have been playing the piano since I was six d) Danh từ riêng tên đại dương, sông núi, rừng, sa mạc, hồ, thác, kênh: the Thames, the Nile, the Alps, the Fuji, the Michigan, the Suez Canal, the Amazon, the Niagara, the Pacific Ocean, the Red Sea, the Sahara… The Nile is generally regarded as the longest river in the world e) Danh từ phương hướng: the east, the west, the north, the south, the southeast… People in the South of the country have a higher living standard than those in the North f) Danh từ người nhóm người: the Smiths, the Simpsons, the Chinese, the old, the poor, the blind,… The Simpsons and my family have been neighbors for almost 20 years The Japanese are very hard-working g) Tên số quốc gia: the United States, the Philippines, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom… Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội I have never been to the Netherlands h) Tên tàu thủy, khách sạn, rạp chiếu phim: the Titanic, the Queen Mary, the Rex Cinema, the Grand Hotel i) Trong hình thức so sánh nhất: the largest room, the best things, the most beautiful place She is the nicest person I’ve ever met j) Trong cấu trúc so sánh kép: a) b) c) The harder you work, the better results you will have Zero article (Không dùng mạo từ) Trước danh từ dùng với nghĩa chung chung I like oranges very much Music plays an important part in our life Trước chức vụ, tước danh: He was elected captain of the football team Diana, Princess of Wales, died in a car crash Trước danh từ trò chơi, môn thể thao, phương tiện: Volleyball is my father’s favorite sport I go to school by bus d) Trước danh từ bữa ăn, ngôn ngữ: What you have for dinner? She can speaks languages: French, English and Chinese e) Trước danh từ riêng, tên người, tên đường phố, tên thành phố, tên quốc gia, lục địa: Vietnam is a beautiful country I will travel to Bangkok, Thailand this summer Her store is on Le Loi Street f) Trong cụm giới từ: to/at/from school/work/college/ university, in/to class, to/in/from church /town, to/in/into/out of prison/hospital/bed; at/from home; at sea, in bed I often stay in bed quite late on Sunday It’s kilometers from my house to school B PREPOSITIONS (GIỚI TỪ) Định nghĩa: Giới từ (preposition) từ đứng trước danh từ hay cụm tương đương danh từ (noun-equivalent) để mối liên hệ danh từ hay cụm từ tương đương với từ khác câu Ex: there is nothing left in the fridge The cat is under the table Phân loại: a) Giới từ thời gian: at, on, in, before, after, during, from, to, till, until, by,…… Ex: in the morning, in May, by midnight, at noon She has to be here before o’clock We left at noon b) Giới từ nơi chốn: at, in, on, in front of, behind, near, over, beside, above … Ex: at school, in front of the house, under the bed, behind the tree,… The students are playing in the school yard There is a tree in front of my house c) Giới từ chuyển động: to, from, across, along, about, into, about (khắp nơi, quanh quẩn), through (xuyên qua), out of (ra khỏi), round (quanh), toward (về phía),… TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Ex: through the window, into the room, round the table,…… After the fight, she ran out of the house I saw her walking along the street yesterday d) Giới từ thể cách: with, without, according to (theo, tùy theo), in spite of (mặc dù), instead of (thay vì) Ex: with pain, according to the survey, in spite of the storm, instead of staying home He jumped with joy on hearing that he passed the exam He took the bus to the airport instead of a taxi e) Giới từ mục đích: to (để), in order to (để mà), for (thay, dùm, cho), so as to (để) Ex: We left early so as to arrive there by midnight He always tries his best for every exam f) Giới từ nguyên nhân: thanks to (nhờ), through (do, vì), because of (vì, bởi), owing to (nhờ, do), by means of (nhờ) ……… Ex: Thanks to the Internet, we are able to connect with people all around the world She was absent from school because of her illness Một số cấu trúc thường gặp giới từ: a) Verb + preposition Agree with Aim at Arrive at Ask for Believe in Belong to Bring up Care about Care for Complain to Complain about Count on Decide on Depend on Give up Go on Grow up Hang up Happen to Hear from Help with Đồng ý Nhắm đến Đến, tới Nhờ, yêu cầu Tin tưởng Thuộc Nuôi dạy Quan tâm đến Chăm sóc Than phiền với Than phiền Hy vọng, tin tưởng Quyết định Lê thuộc vào Từ bỏ Tiếp tục, làm tiếp Trưởng thành Treo lên Xảy đến với Nghe tin Giúp đỡ với Put on Put out Receive from Rely on Save up Share with Talk with Take off Think about/of Try on Throw away Turn on/off Wait for Worry about Catch up with Come along with Check in/out Get along with Get in touch with Get into/ out of Get on/ off Listen to Live on Look for Look at Look after Meet off Lắng nghe Sống nhờ vào Tìm kiếm Xem, ngắm Chăm sóc Tiễn đưa Look out for Look forward to Keep up with Keep along with Pay attention to Put up with Mặc (quần áo) Dập tắt Nhận Tin cậy Để danh, dành dụm Chia sẻ Thảo luận Cởi Suy nghĩ Mặc thử Ném, vứt Mở/ tắt (tivi, đèn) Chờ đợi Lo lắng Theo kịp, đuổi kịp Làm/ với Nhận/trả phòng Hòa thuận với Liên lạc Lên/xuống xe Lên/ xuống (tàu, máy bay) Xem xét, cẩn thận Mong đợi Đuổi kịp Giữ quan hệ với Quan tâm đến Chịu đựng Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội Object to Pay for Pick up Phản đối Thanh toán Đón (ai), nhặt, hái Take part in Take care of Get married to Tham gia Chăm sóc Kết hôn với Lưu ý: Khi sử dụng giới từ ta cần lưu ý trường hợp sau: Trong số trường hợp , túc từ dạng danh từ đứng trước sau giới từ Nếu túc từ dạng đại từ, phải đứng trước giới từ Ex: you have to take off your shoes You have to take your shoes off You have to take them off Don’t say: you have to take off them Trong trường hợp khác, túc từ phải đứng sau giới từ cấu trúc không thay đổi Ex: She gets along with her classmates Don’t say: She gets her classmates along with He insisted on paying for the meal Don’t say: He insisted on paying the meal for b) Be + Past participle + preposition - be addicted to ghiền, nghiện - be amazed at/by kinh ngạc - be annoyed with phiền, bực bội - be known for tiếng - be bored with chán nản - be confused with nhầm lẫn, lẫn lộn với - be excited about háo hức, phấn khởi - be frightened with sợ, kinh hãi - be interested in quan tâm, hứng thú - be made of/from làm - be opposed to chống đối, phản đối - be tired of chán ngấy - be pleased with hài lòng với - be satisfied with thỏa mãn với - be surprised by ngạc nhiên - be worried about lo lắng Ex: She is interested in psychology I am tired of this job c) be + adjective + preposition - be absent from vắng mặt - be accustomed to quen với - be afraid of sợ - be angry about giận (chuyện gì) - aware of nhận thức, hiểu rõ - be bad at dở, yếu - be busy of bận rộn việc - be certain of tin - be different from khác với - be eager for hăm hở, háo hức - be fed up with chán nản, buồn bực - be fond of ưa thích - be full of đầy - be good at giỏi, có khiếu - be happy with/in hài long TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN - be keen on be nervous about be responsible for be sad about be similar to be sorry about / for be sure about ham thích, say mê hồi hộp, chịu trách nhiệm buồn (ai hay chuyện gì) giống, tương tự với hối hận về, có lỗi (về chuyện gì) chắn, tin vào Ex: She is nervous about the upcoming exam I’m totally happy with the results at school d) Cấu trúc khác với Be Have - Be in charge of phụ trách - Be in love with yêu (ai) - Be in favor of ủng hộ, tán thành - Be out of date lạc hậu, lỗi thời - Be out of order hỏng - Have ability in có lực - Have confidence in có lòng tin vào - Have faith in tin tưởng vào - Have influence over kiểm soát, kiềm chế Ex: The elevator is out of order Let’s take the stairs instead Một số dạng khác giới từ Giới từ dùng cách nói sau: at once, at first, at this/that time, at all, according to, similar to, by the way, in any case, in fact, in addition to, in my opinion, except for, on the contrary, up to now, in the end, in the beginning…… In fact, I don’t like him at all In addition to having a beautiful voice, she can play the guitar Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội PRACTICE TEST A PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY I Choose the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from the others in each group II 10 III A admit B vacancy C have D stagnant A dissolve B sector C flock D hollow A comment B catch C recall D decide A thank B though C worth D cloth A subsidiary B supply C suspect D summit Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the rest A recently B probably C usually D immediately A domestic B maximum C national D enterprise A apologize B contractual C sacrifice D reliable A opponent B accurate C initiate D society A determine B priority C disaster D penalty Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence 11 The of the earth will be threatened by terrorism as terrorist group will become more powerful and more dangerous A surface B security C substances D seasons 12 Things will be much worse than they are now, to A pessimists B pessimistics C pessimistic D pessimistically 13 By 2050, cars will run on new, clean fuel and they will go very fast The computer will _ the car and drive it to your destination A invade B replace C rule D control 14 Recently, there have been fewer visitors coming to this resort They’re probably afraid of _ A capitalism B patriotism C terrorism D racialism 15 In the future, we hope that we will have a better life due to modern medical A theory B recipe C system D therapy 16 In some Western countries, robots can help housewives with doing domestic _ A chores B households C appliances D affairs 17 Development in micro technology-computers and telecommunication are bound to have a huge on various aspects of our lives A reflect B promotion C change D influence 18 More people will work at home because there will be computers linked to a _ A Head board B Head set C Head office D Head master TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN 19 Thanks to the _ of labor-saving devices, domestic household chores will no longer be a burden A improvements B inventions C experiments D importance 20 Cars in the future will be fitted with computers to tell us how _ we are driving A efficiently B effectiveness C efficiency D effective B GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer 21 Abdul was invited to supper at _ home of an American family A The/ the B X/the C X/ X D The / X 22 _ sharks are fish but _ whales are not A X /the B The /X C X / X D The /the 23 He has been appointed Minister of Education A a B an C the D X 24 I saw car crash this morning Fortunately, nobody was hurt in accident A The/an B The/the C a/an D a/the 25 Would it be _ trouble to you to buy me newspaper on _ way home? A a/ a / the B a/ the/ a C X/ a/ the D The/ a/ X 26 On _ Sundays my father stays in bed until ten o’clock, reading _ Times A The / a / X B The / X/ X C X /the /X D X/ X/the 27 travel agent would give you _ information about _ hotels A The / X/ the B A / X /X C The /an / X D A / the / the 28 Professor Jones, man whose new drug everyone is talking about refused interview A X / the/ an B X / a / the C The / a/ the D The / a/ an 29 One of _ biggest celebration in Argentina is _ New Year’s Eve A The / X/ a B X / the/ the C The/an/the D The / X / X 30 St Anthony’s Day in Mexico is a day when people ask _ protection Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội their animals A For/to B X /with C For/ for D X /for 31 “When a woman asks me to tell her all _ football, I know she’s fallen love,” said a TV sports announcer A X / with B About/ in C To/ with D X / in 32 My father gave smoking at the age _ 45 A Up/ of B On/ for C To/ on D For/ at 33 Sometimes Mr Jones can not find his reading glasses He forgets that he already _ A Put them out B Put out them C Put them on D Put on them 34 The Smiths were a very happy family The children got _each other A Together with B Away with C In touch with D Along with 35 I have only a part time job, so it’s hard for me to my salary A Live on B Spend on C Believe in D Wait for 36 I am tired your rude behavior I’m not going to it any more A From/ put on B Of/ put up with C With/ care for D On/ go on 37 The manager travelled sometimes _ pleasure and sometimes _ business A For/with B With/for C With/on D On/with 38 She gets accustomed working late night A To/on B On/at C With/in D To/at 39 This pupil is good French She always pays attention improving her skills A At/to B In/with C On/for D X/in 40 We must ready to die our country when necessary A on B for C with D off C READING I Read the passage and choose the best answer A Some day people will certainly try to build settlements on the moon The best places for houses in a moon town will be a cave or a tunnel Underground houses will not be squashed by meteorites that constantly fall on the moon from outer space This will be important on the moon, since daytime is so hot that food could be cooked in the rocks, and the nights get bitterly cold B Pioneer moon homes may be made of airtight plastic that can be blown up like a balloon inside the cave The reason for this is that the moon has no air around it The pioneers will have to take along from the earth the oxygen masks when they are away from home But the balloon house itself will be filled with air Perhaps the house will have beds, tables, and chairs built into it These can be inflated, TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN too So people will sleep, eat and work on air! Moon-house building will be easy The moon’s gravity is less than the earth’s Everything weighs only one-sixths much as it does on the earth 41 In a moon town, is the best place for house? A A balloon B A cave C A tunnel D B and C 42 Which of the following is TRUE? A The people on the moon will not leave their homes B The people on the moon will wear oxygen masks when they leave their homes C The moon homes are of plastic D The temperature in a cave changes as much as the temperature outside 43 The pioneers have to take along from the earth the oxygen they need for breathing because _ A the moon homes are made of airtight plastic B the balloon house will be filled with air C moon people will sleep, eat and work on air D the moon has no air around it 44 If a stone weighs 18 tons on the earth, how much does it weigh on the moon? A Six tons B Fifty-five tons C One hundred and eight tons D Three tons 45 According to the passage, building houses on the moon will be easy because A The moon has no air on it B The moon’s gravity is less than the earth’s C Beds, tables and chairs in a moon house can be inflated D Moon homes can be blown up like a balloon Certainly (adv) ['sə:tnli]: chắn Settlement (n) ['setlmənt]: định cư Cave (n) [keiv]: hang động Tunnel (n) ['tʌnl]: đường hầm Underground (n) ['ʌndəgraund]: ngầm, lòng đất Squash (v) [skwɔ∫] ép, nén Meteorite (n) ['mi:tjərait]: thiên thạch Constantly (adv) ['kɔnstəntli]: liên tục outer space (n) ['autəspeis]: không gian bitterly cold : vô lạnh giá Pioneer (n) [,paiə'niə(r): tiên phong Airtight (adj) ['eətait]: kín hơi, kín gió Plastic (n) ['plæstik]; chất dẻo blow up ( phrasal verb) [bloʊ ʌp]: làm căng phồng balloon (n) [bə'lu:n]: khinh khí cầu mask (n) [mɑ:sk]: mặt nạ inflate (v) [in'fleit]: thổi phồng, bơm phồng gravity (n) ['græviti]: trọng lực II Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion A day in your life – In the year 2020 What are two ways that technology will probably change your life in the next 20-25 years? Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội People used to know more or less how their children _ (46) live Now things are changing (47) quickly that we don’t even know what our own lives will be like (48) a few years _ (49) follows is not science fiction It’s how experts see the future You’re daydreaming behind the wheel of your car, but that’s OK You have it on automatic pilot, and with its high-tech computers and cameras, your car “knows” (50) to get you home safely You're hungry, so you head for the kitchen (51) get home You ordered groceries _(52) computer an hour ago, and you know that by now they've arrived Your kitchen has a two-way refrigerator (53) opens to the outside to accept deliveries You've already paid _(54) the food by having the money subtracted from your bank account Nobody uses (55) anymore What's for lunch? In the old days, you used to stop …… (56) to buy a hamburger or pizza Now you use your diagnostic machine to find out … (57) foods your body needs You find out you need more vegetables and less fat Your food-preparation machine makes you a salad After lunch, you go down the hall your home office Here you have everything you need for doing your work Thanks …… (58) your information screen and your new computer, you almost never go into the office anymore The information screen shows an urgent message … (59) a co-worker in Brazil You set the screen to translate Portuguese into English… (60) you wait, you think about later, when you'll have a movie transmitted What movie should you order tonight? 46 A will live B would live C should live D might live 47 A quite B too C very D so 48 A in B for C from D by 49 A Who B Which C What D That 50 A getting B to get C get D for getting 51 A as soon as B as long as C as many as D as far as 52 A in B on C with D by 53 A where B that C which D when 54 A to B for C on D with 55 A cash B money C currency D bills 56 A at B by C for D off 57 A what B whose C which D where 58 A for B to C by D with 59 A from B off C to D for 60 A In B From C Since D As science fiction (n) ['saiəns'fik∫n]: khoa học viễn tưởng expert (n) ['ekspə:t]: chuyên gia daydream (v) ['deidri:m]: mơ mộng wheel (n) [wi:l] bánh xe automatic (adj) [,ɔ:tə'mætik]: tự động head for (v) [hed]: hướng phía order (v) ['ɔ:də]: đặt hàng subtract (v) [səb'trækt]: trừ diagnostic (adj) [,daiəg'nɔstik]: chẩn đoán urgent (adj) ['ə:dʒənt]: gấp , khẩn co-worker (n) [kou'wə:kə]: đồng nghiệp transmit (v) [trænz'mit]: truyền D ERROR IDENTIFICATION: Identify the error in each sentence 61 In the future, cars will be fitted on computers to tell us how efficiently we are driving A B C D 62 Whatever we expect from the future, remember that progress has never moved in straight A B lines, and history is full with unexpected developments C D TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 10 NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN 63 What are some most important factors that will bring about dramatic changes in different A B C aspects of our lives? D 64 My ideal world would be the peaceful one There would be no wars or conflicts between A B C D nations 65 In my opinion, we will be living with much cleaner environment, breathing fresher air and A B C eating healthier foods D 66 Advances in science and technology have been the major source of change for recent decades A B C and this change has led to progress D 67 Different to pessimists, optimists believe that life will be far better than it is today A B C D 68 I'm tired of living in big busy cities I always wish to live in the clean, healthy environment A B C with more fresh air and less noise less pollution D 69 I'm just going out to the shops If anyone rings, tell then I will be back for a few minutes A B C D Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội 11 70 After ten unhappy years Janice finally quit her job She had not been getting along with her A B boss for a long time before she decided to look after a new position C D E Writing: used the words given to write complete sentences for the passage Make some alterations or additions when necessary It/ not so easy / imagine what life/ be like/ future But/ from what/ happened/ and from what/ happening, we/ can/ make/ predictions First, /future, life/ become/ very automatic Many things/ do/ by computerized control People / eat more/ prepare / and even / pre-digest / food They / wear disposable clothes / avoid / time/ and cost of washing People/ not / have/ move around very much while working because they can things/ their desks Computers / work miracles / and / their help humans/ have less need/ use their brain That / why their ability/ think, imagine, create/ enjoy/ become less important TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 12