Silicon Valley Men Behaving Badly / The Lost Bush Emails IN THE COMPANY OF TRUMP 09.23.2016 IF HE WINS, HIS MANY OVERSEAS DEALS WILL CREATE A NATIONAL SECURITY NIGHTMARE Join us in the fight against cystic fibrosis Samsung Hope for Children and the Boomer Esiason Foundation are teaming up to search ˙ͱθɇʀЇθʪϩͱʀцϑϩ̈ʀѣɵθͱϑ̈ϑↇƟ˵ʪ˙Ї͝ʒϑθɇ̈ϑʪʒɵцƊɇ͔ϑЇ͝˝²AͱЭʪθϩ˵ʪΧɇϑϩ‘•цʪɇθϑ˵ɇЭʪ ˝θʪɇϩ̷цʀͱ͝ϩθ̈ɵЇϩʪʒϩͱ͔̈Χͱθϩɇ͝ϩθʪϑʪɇθʀ˵Χθͱ˝θɇ͔ϑɇ͝ʒ͔ʪʒ̈ʀɇ̷ϩθʪɇϩ͔ʪ͝ϩϑ˙ͱθʀ˵̷̈ʒθʪ͝ ӥϩ˵ʀцϑϩ̈ʀѣɵθͱϑ̈ϑↇ Ɵͱѣ͝ʒͱЇϩ˵ͱицͱЇʀɇ͝˵ʪ̷Χɇ͝ʒϩͱ̷ʪɇθ͔͝ͱθʪⅅΧ̷ʪɇϑʪӬϑ̈ϩ⅄ Samsung Hope for Children samsung.com/us/hopeforchildren Boomer Esiason Foundation esiason.org or call 646.292.7930 ©2016 Samsung Electronics America, Inc Samsung and Samsung Hope for Children are trademarks/services marks of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd All other logos/marks are the property of their respective owners Screen image simulated 09.23.2016 VOL.167 NO.11 + A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE: Gurbaksh Cha- hal at the Sikh Awards in London in 2010 The Silicon Valley entrepreneur faces 12 months in jail, three years after being charged with smacking his then-girlfriend 117 times 22 Civil Rights Clenched Fists Across the Ocean 26 North Korea North Korea’s Endless Loop 28 Tampons A Generous Monthly Allowance NEW WORLD 46 Innovation Got Milk (Packaging)? 48 Tech The BlinkingVCR Candidates FEATURES 30 DEPARTMENTS The Man Who Sold the World BIG SHOTS If Donald Trump gets into the White House, his many foreign business deals will create a national security nightmare by Kurt Eichenwald FEL IPE TRUEBA / UPPA / PHOTOSHOT/NEWSCOM 40 New York City Stumble on the Trail Douma, Syria Cease-Fire Diyarbakir, Turkey Life Lessons 10 Port-au-Prince, Haiti Zika Looms To Be Young, Gifted and Wack Gurbaksh Chahal is the best of Silicon Valley—a brilliant entrepreneur—and the worst of Silicon Valley—a man who likes to beat women by Nina Burleigh 50 Happiness Smile, Damn It! DOWNTIME 54 Games The Hurt Login 58 Animals Czech Mates 60 Books The Battle of Jack Lemmon and Yoko Moto 64 Rewind PAG E O N E COVER CREDIT: PHOTOGRAPH BY RICHARD BURBRIDGE/ART + COMMERCE 12 Politics Newsweek (ISSN0028-9604) is published weekly except one week in January, July, August and October Newsweek is published by Newsweek LLC, Hanover Square, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10004 Periodical postage is paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offices POSTMASTER: Send change of address to Newsweek, Hanover Square, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10004 A ‘Lost’ Generation 18 Medicine For Article Reprints, Permissions and Licensing www.IBTreprints.com/Newsweek PARS International (212) 221-9595 x210 Newsweek@parsintl.com NEWSWEEK 50 Years Syrian Superbugs / / 2016 FOR MORE HEADLINES, GO TO NEWSWEEK.COM EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jim Impoco DEPUTY EDITOR OPINION EDITOR MANAGING EDITOR CONTRIBUTING DESIGN DIRECTOR Bob Roe Nicholas Wapshott Kenneth Li Priest + Grace INTERNATIONAL EDITOR EUROPEAN EDITOR 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Jen Tse SALES DIRECTOR Katy Lyness Marta Leja PHOTO EDITOR CONTRIBUTING DIGITAL IMAGING SPECIALIST VICE PRESIDENT, MARKETING WRITERS Dan Goodman Ryan Bort Leah McGrath Goodman Nina Burleigh Alexander Nazaryan Janine Di Giovanni Bill Powell Kurt Eichenwald Josh Saul Sean Elder* Roberto Saviano* Jessica Firger Zoë Schlanger Michele Gorman Zach Schonfeld Elizabeth Isaacson* David Sirota Abigail Jones Jeff Stein Max Kutner John Walters Douglas Main Lucy Westcott Kevin Maney* Stav Ziv *Contributing SUBSCRIBE TO NEWSWEEK FOR 75% OFF PRINT + ONLI WEEKLY HOME DELIVERY of Newsweek in Print SU SC O + S FULL DIGITAL ACCESS to each week’s issue via Newsweek apps for iPad, Kindle Fire and Android SUBSCRIBE AT NEWSWEEK.COM/PREMIER % Full access to NEWSWEEK.COM Subscriber-Only Content BIG SHOTS USA Stumble on the Trail BRIAN SNYDER B R I A N S N Y D E R / R EU T E RS New York City— Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton waves outside her daughter’s apartment a few hours after she left the September 11 memorial service early feeling overheated and dehydrated Amateur video showed her being helped into a van, her knees apparently buckling Her doctor later said she’d been diagnosed with pneumonia two days earlier Republican critics saw that as further evidence that the 68-year-old Clinton has been covering up serious health problems, as they have been saying for months, even though she has released more detailed information about her medical records than the 70-year-old Republican candidate, Donald Trump BIG SHOTS SYRIA Cease-Fire SA M E E R A L- D OU M Y/A F P/G E T T Y Douma, Syria— A Syrian rescue worker carries a wounded boy after airstrikes on the rebel-held town, east of Damascus, on September Hours later, the United States and Russia agreed to a cease-fire that was to take effect on September 12, but fighting continued, including a strike on a busy market in Idlib that killed dozens of civilians Residents in the area told Reuters they believed the warplanes were Russian The latest truce is supposed to bring unrestricted humanitarian access and joint Russian-U.S military action against the Islamic State militant group, also known as ISIS, and the Nusra Front SAMEER AL-DOUMY NEWSWEEK In recent years, critics have become concerned that this simplistic form of positive psychology can more harm than good It’s “the tyranny of the positive attitude,” says Barbara Held, a psychology professor at Bowdoin College “By TPA, I mean that our culture has little 52 / / 2016 M I C H A E L B L A N N /G E T T Y cal height It is as if psychology had voluntarily restricted itself to only half its rightful jurisdiction, and that the darker, meaner half.” The tenets of positive psychology were codified in the positive psychology movement, established in part by former American Psychological Association President Martin E.P Seligman in 1998 Positive psychology was featured in The Washington Post in 2002, made the cover of Time and was featured in Britain’s Sunday Times Magazine in 2005 and The New York Times Magazine in 2007; in 2006, it was the subject of a six-part BBC series Seligman’s positive psychology book, Character Strengths and Virtues, has been cited by over 4,000 publications since its publication in 2004 Since 2009, the Penn Resilience Program, run by the U.S Army’s Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness program, has been used widely to help soldiers and family members develop coping skills and behaviors, increase capability, ensure education about and promotion of preventive measures that encourage self-awareness, deter high-risk behaviors and support healthy alternatives that produce positive outcomes The Penn Resilience Program has trained more than 30,000 Army soldiers on how to teach the resilience skills to tens of thousands of other soldiers Seligman runs the University of Pennsylvania’s Positive Psychology Center, which is the training hub of the program’s Master Resilience Training program for noncommissioned officers In 2012, psychologist Neil Frude co-founded a company called the Happiness Consultancy to help boost levels of happiness, well-being and resilience in company workforces Over a year, every member of a company working with Frude does a four-week course in positive psychology Frude told Fast Company Inc.’s Co.Create site that positive psychology has been adopted as a management tool by many Fortune 500 companies in recent years The adaptation of positive psychology for business management and the armed forces has helped the approach spread into popular culture But as it’s grown more and more popular, positive psychology has taken on a new tone—one with a more simplistic message of “positive thinking.” Julie Norem, a psychology professor at Wellesley College, says that badly executed studies published in the name of positive psychology started showing up in many places after Seligman coined the term Most of these claimed that optimism and positive thinking led to a happy life But, as social psychologist Carol Tavris has argued, most of these studies have been shot down by better studies tolerance for those who can’t smile and look on the bright side in the face of adversity.” Even in cases of profound loss, Held says, people are supposed to get over their sadness within weeks, if not sooner “The TPA has two component parts: First, you feel bad about whatever pain has come your way, then you are made to feel guilty or defective if you can’t be grateful for what you have, move forward [or] focus on the positives This is the double punch, and it’s the second part that does the most serious damage.” Research bears that out A 2012 study undertaken at the University of Queensland and published in the journal Emotion found that when people think others expect them to not feel negative emotions, they end up feeling more negative emotions A 2009 study published in Psychological Science found that forcing people to use positive statements such as “I’m a lovable person” can make some feel more insecure Further, New York University psychology professor Gabriele Oettingen and her colleagues have found that visualizing a successful outcome, under certain conditions, can make people less likely to achieve it Researchers have also found that people in a negative mood produce better quality and more persuasive arguments than people in a positive mood, and that negative moods can improve memory Norem is working to understand why some people don’t respond well to positive psychology and respond better to negativity—an attitude she calls “defensive pessimism.” Her studies show that by thinking about everything that could go wrong and processing these negative possibilities, defensive pessimists relieve anxiety and are often able to avoid those pitfalls Several studies suggest that forcing optimism or a positive mood on an anxious defensive pessimist can damage performance on tasks ranging from solving math problems to playing darts “The majority of positive psychology interventions are designed to help make people feel better, to improve their mood,” says Norem “Just trying to raise the mood of people who are anxious may make them temporarily feel better, but it tends to lead to poor performance because it doesn’t make their anxiety go away The anxiety is there and has to be dealt with.” And for some, defensive pessimism is what helps them deal Norem believes that 25 to 30 percent of the American population consists of defensive pessimists—but it’s not just the defensive pessimists who suffer from culture’s NEW WORLD /HAPPIN E S S interpretation of positive psychology “Catchphrases like ‘It’s all good’ shut down conversation about how people are really feeling,” says Norem “If they’re having a bad day, it would really help to talk to their friends about it, but this whole idea of ‘We have to be positive all the time’ has saturated society, and there’s no audience.” Another potential hazard of positive thinking is denial Barbara Ehrenreich, the awardwinning journalist and author of Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking Is Undermining America, partly blames the 2008 economic crisis on people’s refusal to consider negative outcomes, like mortgage defaults Psychiatrist Dr Mark Banschick argues that positive thinking can become a way of avoiding necessary action People might say everything is fine even when it isn’t and avoid FORCING PEOPLE TO USE POSITIVE STATEMENTS SUCH AS “I’M A LOVABLE PERSON” CAN MAKE SOME FEEL MORE INSECURE NEWSWEEK fixing the problems in their lives Beth Azar wrote in an article published by the American Psychological Association that there is a widespread and overblown confidence in the power of the positive, including the misperception that people can stave off illness with optimism The best way to combat the TPA, Held and Norem say, is to acknowledge that there are no simple answers to the complex problems people face—especially the all-encompassing and ongoing pursuit of happiness Most important, people need to realize that there is nothing wrong with feeling bad when life takes dark turns “It’s OK not to be positive all the time, and it’s unrealistic to believe that you can be happy every moment,” Norem says “That’s not a character failing; that’s a full emotional life.” 53 / / 2016 ILLUSTRATION BY TERENC E EDUARTE AT YC N + ANARCHY IN THE P.C.: In 2b2t, if you build it, they will surely come to destroy it NEWSWEEK 54 / / 2016 DOWNTIME FILM GAMES BOOKS ANIMALS FOOD SPORTS THE HURT LOGIN Minecraft is cuddly, creative, fun; 2b2t is its mass-murdering cousin from hell Let’s play! BY ROISIN KIBERD @roisinkiberd TIME MOVES differently in Minecraft A day lasts 20 minutes A night lasts only seven With the right conditions, Rome can be built in a day And with the right supplies, a troll can burn it to ashes in minutes 2b2t, a malevolent form of Minecraft, is full of such ruins: It’s a place of beauty and terror Ranked among the world’s most popular video games, Minecraft is often praised for fostering creativity and constructive play It is the parent-approved, digital successor to Lego, even used as an educational tool in schools In addition to the usual gameplay modes, multiplayer servers turn the game into a social activity These communal worlds are subject to rules: Start a fight or destroy property, and a moderator will usually ban you 2b2t is an “anarchy server,” the oldest and most infamous of its kind It offers a world without rules, where aggression is encouraged and survival is rarely assured 2b2t plays out like a NEWSWEEK Cormac McCarthy novel built with thousands of 1x1 digital bricks While Minecraft is the terrain of the imagination, 2b2t gives free rein to your darkest impulses And now, 2b2t is being ravaged by war THE FACEPUNCH ERA Anarchy servers are a dark tradition within Minecraft In a standard game, you are dropped into a randomly generated world, where you mine for resources and build structures, one block at a time There’s a survival mode—players have to scrounge for food and fight off zombies at night— and a more free-form creative mode, where players have unlimited health and resources Players can join friends and strangers to play in servers online, though they are discouraged from attacking others, laying waste to buildings or using pornographic terms to describe someone’s mother There are no such rules on the anarchy servers They are by nature inhospitable—in general, 55 / / 2016 players are advised to bury their supplies, arm themselves to the teeth and be prepared to die many times over 2b2t—“2builders2tools”—was created in 2010 by a user named Hausemaster and is known as “the worst place in Minecraft.” It has its own subreddit, a webcomic and a “2b2t Press” news site, where pseudonymous players post updates on the ongoing war’s latest atrocities One writer exploring it found it to be littered with Islamic State (ISIS) flags Its first colonizers were users of the Facepunch forum, hence 2b2t’s seminal “Facepunch Era.” Members began to map and establish bases The first factions were formed as rival forums signed up to the server and began to launch raids to destroy each other’s work Today, the server is more chaotic still Players are divided into two camps “Rushers” are disorganized newbies seeking to infiltrate 2b2t’s settlements and claim them as their own They battle the “veterans,” experienced residents who have rigged the “spawn” (the point at which players arrive in the game) with traps to kill new players The newbie invasion was triggered by TheCampingRusher, a YouTuber whose video exploring the server was posted on June and already has over million views In the video, his elation is palpable as he enters this previously hidden world Almost immediately after it was posted, new players began to flood into 2b2t, throwing the server deeper into chaos Since then, the battle lines have become more ambiguous: 2b2t’s oldest users have retreated to edges of the map to preserve their settlements and sit out the siege in peace, leaving the newbies to attack each other + RAIN OF TERROR: MY TIME IN MINECRAFT HELL Much of the appeal of 2b2t is about learning what is possible—a world with few limits other than one’s will to power and survival In the server, cuddly Minecraft becomes a horror game, one that demands a Zen-like sense of self-effacement as you die repeatedly and re-spawn back to where you started In the chat window, a stream of insults and shitposting blends in with server updates No arrival goes unannounced No death goes unsung While playing, I’m informed that a player called Dr Funky Pepper has just “become lava.” Two others get “slashed into gibs by a zombie pigman” and reduced to “a bloody meat pile with just fists.” To traverse 2b2t is to feel lost and overwhelmed, and to play is to accept this pain and confusion as a condition of existence The ordeal begins even before you enter: The queue to join the server is over 1,000 players long A very NEWSWEEK 56 / / 2016 Swastikas, racist slogans and homicidal marauders rule in 2b2t, where the bodies fall like raindrops LU K E M ACG R EG O R / B LO O M B E RG/G E T T Y slow-moving countdown appears on screen; when it reaches zero, you’re allowed in It took me three tries and over four hours to join 2b2t It was worth the wait I spawned before an abyss—I was standing looking at a heady drop into sea and stone and lava After I overcame my virtual vertigo, I edged my way up a gigantic craggy mountain Hidden across the landscape are some especially cruel traps: fake sanctuaries that explode in flames, pits that drop you into a river of lava and false floors that open into prisons built from obsidian, with no way to dig out (Players entombed there have no choice but to log out and sit through the queue all over again.) To navigate this land requires an arsenal of hacked clients—altered versions of the game with enhancements, similar to cheats, like X-ray vision or teleporting Popular cheats include the power to see through walls to find supplies and victims and one to improve aim (This might explain how a figure in the far distance was able to shoot me down with a crossbow In the dark.) As I played, alerts in my chat window listed the deaths occurring by the second; the calming, ambient Minecraft theme song played as body after body hit the floor Nazi propaganda, racist slurs and a succession of death threats pour into the chat window with mechanical efficiency Their sheer volume negates the effect, and they become part of the background I want to beat this I want to feel at home in chaos I too am cursing now, shouting very loudly at my screen I fall I re-spawn I fall again DOWNTIME /GAME S A STORY WRITTEN IN BLOOD For several years now, Devi Ever has been known on 2b2t as something of a pirate and a griefer (those who terrorize other players for their own amusement) She says the best sights in 2b2t are far out from spawn, logged by players on interactive maps where the distance is measured in bricks—one brick is roughly equal to a cubic meter “The million [brick] mark…that’s where all the cool stuff is,” she says “The thing I enjoyed the most wasn’t destroying, it was exploring.” She adds, “Exploring 2b2t is like archaeology… There’s so much that it says about the nature of Minecraft itself and about the design of the game 2b2t deserves a book.” As a seasoned player, Ever has access to the priority queue, which allows her to skip the fourhour wait (some fans believe this is an artificial barrier, one thrown up to slow anyone who joined after June 1, the date TheCampingRusher’s video went live) Players have approached her asking to buy her old accounts for their quick access privileges Sometimes they’re looking to trade intel for espionage or offering payments of hundreds of dollars Information is currency in 2b2t: Ever traded a spare account for the location of 2b2t’s fabled Jesus statue, built in homage to the Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro The server’s massive size and ephemeral nature make it difficult to track its history Still, there are attempts to organize its past into a coherent narrative Redditor ArchCrono, known in-game as ArchQuantum, authored a series of posts detailing 2b2t’s history, which eventually made it to the site’s front page Their popularity is why he was asked to lead a faction into 2b2t, a challenge he reluctantly accepted Why players queue for hours just to spawn and be killed off in seconds? “Minecraft notoriously lacks a standard story mode,” ArchCrono theorizes “This is a very real void the developers have not chosen to directly address.” 2b2t provides a meta-narrative beyond the game, similar to the halftime show during sports broadcasts Players post about the server on YouTube and Reddit, like amateur sports analysts “If you are on 2b2t, what you matters more than what you on a single player or local setting, because it is available to so many people,” ArchCrono says “The YouTube channels that cover 2b2t, particularly TheCampingRusher and FitMC, are providing commentary that crafts the plot of a story mode When I posted on Imgur, I basically added an entire new section of plot.” The rushers, then, are queuing up to play a role in Minecraft history NOT SAFE FOR LIFE Hausemaster, the founder of 2b2t, is a quasi-mythical figure both praised and trolled He says he set up the server in 2011, when Minecraft Multiplayer was first released Players flooded in, forming settlements and communities He picked 2b2t’s final setting, “anarchy” mode without moderation “I wanted to see what destruction would be made, but also whether there would be connections between players in such a chaotic, rule-free environment.” I assumed Hausemaster would disapprove of PLAYERS ARE ADVISED TO BURY THEIR SUPPLIES, ARM THEMSELVES TO THE TEETH AND BE PREPARED TO DIE MANY TIMES OVER NEWSWEEK the current influx of rushers, but he’s happy to see the server getting attention, even if the world he helped create erupted in violence “2b2t is definitely not ruined—in my opinion it’s how it should be: absolutely chaotic.” 2b2t gives players free rein to abuse, destroy and self-destruct It is essentially nihilistic, as players thrash against the walls of their virtual cage, taking out their disaffection on the same technology they are addicted to Their behavior is more than not safe for work: It is not safe for life itself Perhaps enduring this noxious landscape is ultimately 2b2t’s true appeal “2b2 is about pride,” says Ever “Pride in being able to flourish in what is considered the most notorious environment you can play in.” Nobody survives very long in 2b2t—the pride comes from having died there 57 / / 2016 DO W N T I M E / A N IMALS CZECH MATES The world’s best police dogs may bark with a foreign accent IN THE CITY, where crime is never far away, four-footed cops are coming to the rescue But be warned: Their English is pretty shaky Officer Jon Low stands in the middle of Lakeside Park in downtown Oakland, California, and calls to his 6-year-old German shepherd, “K noze!” Kaiser, as his canine pal is named, immediately rushes over and obediently stands to Low’s right Then comes another command, “Sedni.” Kaiser sits, wide-eyed, awaiting further instruction Low says, “Stekej,” and Kaiser happily barks Stekej? Ano (yes), Kaiser doesn’t understand English, so Low must talk to his dog in Czech Heel, sit and speak are just three of the 15 words in Low’s Czech vocabulary, but there is no hello or beer The dogs aren’t here to party Sergeant Christopher Sansone, who is in charge of the Oakland Police Department K-9 handlers, says the department buys German and Belgian shepherds from the Czech Republic because they have the best genetic makeup and temperament The price for a professional dog usually ranges from $5,000 to $10,000, but Sansone says with a smile, “In fact, they are priceless.” Kaiser was trained in Smirice, about 100 miles from Prague, where Jitka Pospichalova has been breeding dogs for 21 years Among her customers is Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babis; the billionaire bought a short-haired Belgian shepherd This particular breed, known as Malinois, is very popular among dog handlers worldwide, perhaps even the most popular Pospichalova sells 30 to 50 of them a year NEWSWEEK “Paramedics, police and armed forces from Russia to Germany to the USA buy them from my kennel My dogs are doing everything you can think of: from search for drugs, weapons or ivory to sporting dog handling,” Pospichalova says, enthusiastically showing off honors from the Moscow police and several world championship titles from rescue dog competitions “We have a huge tradition in the breeding and training of dogs,” she explains “During the Communist era, there was a great tradition of guarding the borderline so nobody got in or out.” Oakland is not the only American city using Czech dogs “Around half of the German shepherds that police forces have in the U.S either directly come from the Czech Republic, or they have some connection to it These dogs are strong and intelligent workhorses,” says Corporal Heath Marshall of the police force in Rockville, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C., which has two German shepherds In Oakland, Sansone says he would like to add more Czech dogs but the department cannot afford them because of the city’s tight budget He says this while standing in stables that used to house the department’s horses The city no longer has money for horses, so the dog handlers now have their office, pens and training facilities in the stables On the wall of the dark stables hangs a chewed and dirty harness that Kaiser and others use to test out their fangs, as well as a bulletproof vest for dogs In fact, Oakland can’t afford the dogs it already 58 / / 2016 BY MICHAEL MARES @maresovo + HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS: Around M AT EJ D I V I Z N A /G E T T Y half of the German shepherds used by American police forces come from the Czech Republic or have some connection to it has by itself Donors and sponsors usually provide the money for them (Kaiser is named after Kaiser Permanente, the Oakland-based insurance company that paid for him.) Police dogs in American cities must meet fairly stringent admission criteria They are evaluated in particular for their ability to manage in a variety of stressful situations “We test how they respond to dark spaces, loud noises, a passing train, fire, gunshots, or how long they will keep searching before they get bored,” says Sansone The majority of police interventions that involve the dogs usually end before the canines are let loose Apparently, most suspects surrender after hearing the barking and the police officer’s final warning that a dog is about to be unleashed “Our dogs look sharp, but in fact they are really nice,” says Low, stroking Kaiser’s neck These two are inseparable on duty and off Kaiser goes home with Low and has a special place in his living room, next to the couch Low spends some of his own money on food and equipment for Kaiser, and he always gives the NEWSWEEK “WE TEST HOW THEY RESPOND TO DARK SPACES, LOUD NOISES, A PASSING TRAIN, FIRE, GUNSHOTS.” dog leftovers from his lunch “As a police dog, he must have special premium food and veterinary care,” he explains Low and his colleagues have learned to pronounce their 15 Czech commands almost like Czech native speakers They found the words on the internet, used Google Translate to figure out how to correctly pronounce them, wrote them down phonetically on paper and carried the list with them everywhere “Over the time, I learned all of the instructions,” Low says “It wasn’t so difficult.” 59 / / 2016 THE BALLAD OF JACK LEMMON AND YOKO MOTO It took a savvy lawyer to keep John Lennon and Yoko Ono from being deported One who’d never heard of the Beatles THE CALL CAME on the afternoon of January 14, 1972 “Leon, I have a possible new client for you to meet,” a former law school classmate, Alan Kahn, told me “Real heavyweights, and they don’t come to a lawyer’s offices I’m talking about John Lennon and Yoko Ono They are looking for special immigration counsel, and I have recommended you.” In the 1970s, President Richard Nixon, displeased with John Lennon and Yoko Ono’s anti-war efforts, attempted to deport them Lennon hired lawyer Leon Wildes in New York City to fight the case and won after a long battle The precedent established formed the basis of contemporary immigration reform: Lennon was a DREAMer, and not the only one Here, Wildes recalls the first time he met the couple NEWSWEEK 60 / / 2016 BY LEON WILDES @Michael_Wildes + GIVE LAWYERS A CHANCE: Lennon wanted to stay in the U.S in part because of a custody battle for Ono’s daughter from her previous marriage “I’d be pleased,” I said “When and where shall we meet?” When I arrived at the large and ultramodern offices of Apple Records a few hours later, Alan welcomed me with a broad smile as he showed off his new digs “Leon, most immigration lawyers would give their eyeteeth just to meet John and Yoko Let me brief you before you meet Allen Klein, my boss.” “Before you tell me about their legal problem, Alan, I must tell you that I have no idea who these people are.” He stared at me for a moment, open-mouthed “I can’t believe it, Leon You really never heard of them?” I shrugged sheepishly “Never.” “I wouldn’t advertise that,” he said, lowering his voice “They have enormous egos, like most of the people in this industry John Lennon is probably the greatest musician who ever lived Yoko is his wife She is some kind of artist, who nobody understands, but everyone has heard of them.” It took about a half-hour in the back of a chauffeured black Cadillac for us to reach the Lennon digs in Greenwich Village Allen Klein, John’s manager, led the way “I am Allen Klein, and I’m here to see John Lennon,” he announced, bulldozing his way past the young man peering through the peephole on the other side of the door Once inside, we sat at a kitchenette table, where Alan started unpacking his briefcase and showing me papers regarding their immigration status I had no more than a moment or two to glance at the documents when the door to a back room opened A slight woman entered, dressed entirely in black, with Asian features, long black hair and large, expressive eyes She extended her hand to me, smiled warmly to Alan and almost failed to acknowledge Allen In return, he didn’t seem to notice her “John will be out in a moment, Mr Wildes,” Yoko said “Let me fill you in on some details John has an immigration problem, a drug conviction His business dealings have brought him to the United States every so often to conclude deals, record contracts, royalties, you know… We have a child, Kyoko, from my former marriage, whom I have been trying for some time to locate Her father is really paranoid about it He is convinced that the ‘powerful John and Yoko’ will disappear with his little daughter, and there is no convincing him otherwise He managed to elude us for a long time We chased him halfway through Europe.” She studied me carefully as we spoke, as though DOWNTIME /BOOK S assessing my sympathy for her situation Yoko was well-informed about legal matters relating to her husband’s immigration situation and shared her concerns “We have been critical of U.S government policies, especially the Vietnam fiasco, and the administration probably thinks we’re too vocal I’m afraid that they will deny future extensions to us.” She leaned forward, holding out her open hands as if to plead for more time “If immigration decides to deny our extension, they might use my appearance at the Philharmonic as a pretext I’m a conceptual artist, you know, and I perform my art in a somewhat unconventional manner While attending a performance at the Philharmonic, I stood at my seat and conducted the orchestra Although I wasn’t paid, and most people wouldn’t regard it as a performance, I could never deny that it was, given my special brand of art.” She seemed intent on making it clear that she was an accomplished artist in her own right Alan looked sympathetic; Allen looked bored, fidgeting impatiently and still not looking at her A moment later, the rear door opened again, and in walked a lean, lanky young man whose long brown hair dropped almost to his shoulders John AP “THE DRUG SQUAD WAS OUT TO GET MUSICIANS, AND I WAS ON THEIR LIST THEY HAD ALREADY BAGGED MICK [JAGGER].” NEWSWEEK Lennon smiled naturally, with no sense of selfimportance, and extended his hand “So you’re the hotshot immigration lawyer How d’you do?” Like a housewife angry that her husband had served nothing to their guests, he then said, “Can I brew ya some tea?” He went into the kitchen, still talking, to heat the kettle, then rejoined us Looking at me, he said, “Do you think you can keep us here so we can find Kyoko, Leon?” 61 / / 2016 Allen explained that he’d represented John on his previous trips to the United States and had lined up congressional help to secure a waiver of John’s marijuana conviction As he spoke, Yoko seemed to grow more tense I asked for permission to ask a few questions before offering any opinion “The conviction—was it the result of a contested trial?” “Not at all,” John said “My lawyer told me that I’d best plead guilty.” “Were you guilty?” “Actually, I was completely innocent Now mind you, I not deny having used hash or a lot of other junk But at the time, we were tipped off that there would be a police raid The drug squad at Scotland Yard was out to get rock musicians, and I was on their list They had already bagged Mick [Jagger, as I later discovered] and George [Harrison].” John grew serious “Yoko and I had taken over this apartment from some musicians We weren’t on drugs at all at the time Actually, we were on a macrobiotic diet, and drugs just didn’t go To make sure, we cleaned the apartment top to bottom.” I leaned forward “And your lawyers still recommended that you plead guilty?” “Well, there were lots of reasons Yoko was an alien enemy,” he crinkled his nose and grinned in mockery of the officialese of the United Kingdom “And the lawyers said it wouldn’t make any difference anyway Besides, I had no criminal record, and they told me that only a nominal fine would be imposed, so I pled guilty and followed the lawyers’ advice Lawyers don’t make mistakes, they?” Again, the crinkled nose and the playful grin “What was the substance you were convicted of possessing?” I asked as I inspected the conviction documents “Was it marijuana?” “No, it was hash.” “Forgive my ignorance First, I must apologize for not knowing who you are I must also admit that I haven’t the slightest idea about the difference between marijuana and hashish Is hash the same as marijuana?” “Hash is much better than marijuana!” John NEWSWEEK + 62 / / 2016 know much about pop music, but he knew immigration law cold, and spotted a legal gambit Lennon and Ono could use to stay in the U.S A N T H O N Y CALVACCA / N EW YO R K P OST/G E T T Y said, suddenly mimicking a teacher at an imaginary blackboard “Let me enlighten you Hash and grass—that’s marijuana—actually come from the same plant, but the hash is much more powerful Hash is definitely the more serious drug.” That gave me an idea, and I said, “Would you and Yoko like to remain here permanently?” Their shoulders sagged “That’s not possible,” John said, “but then again, you should know that.” I wasn’t about to offer any advice or comment until I had all the information, but it was clear that I had a plan “Well, counselor,” John added, “what sage ALL YOU NEED IS LAW: Wildes didn’t advice can you give us two starving artists?” Yoko settled into her chair John seemed impatient, his body inclined toward me “If all you’d like is a couple of months’ time to look for your daughter, with her custody case in active litigation, I think you’ll have no difficulty obtaining that result,” I told them “Nor I think there will be any problem in extending the waiver of John’s conviction I also think that if a few months’ time will satisfy your needs, Alan here is more than competent to secure that time I have just looked at the papers he prepared, and they are as good as anything I could do.” John and Yoko remained silent They plainly were hoping for more “On the other hand,” I added, “if you would like to stay permanently, I have some suggestions.” I had brought a copy of the immigration statute and opened it to the section of law involved Then I read it aloud: People are excludable from the United States “who have been convicted of any law or regulation relating to the illicit possession of narcotic drugs or marijuana.” I looked up “Every word in the statute must be taken seriously For example, a former version of the statute did not include the words ‘or marijuana.’ The words were added as a result of the claims in two California cases where the persons involved claimed that their convictions involved marijuana and that marijuana was not a ‘narcotic drug.’ The courts had to agree, as apparently marijuana is a hallucinogen rather than a narcotic “In other words, it is quite possible that a conviction for possessing hash might not be the kind of conviction which should keep a person permanently out of the United States.” Now Allen and Alan leaned toward me “There is another issue which interests me I cannot understand why a competent criminal lawyer advised a client to plead guilty Perhaps the conviction is one which would not be considered a proper ‘conviction’ in our system I think there may be some glimmer of hope here.” Yoko hunched forward, intent “How would we go about raising these questions?” “It’s a little like a game of chess,” I explained, “and there are a number of moves we’d have to make First, you’d need to apply for permanent residence status.” I turned a few pages of the statute to find the section I wanted, regarding the passage that “covers persons who are outstanding in the arts and sciences.” DOWNTIME /BOOK S As I laid out my strategy, Yoko’s apprehension began to disappear John sank deeper into his seat and drained his teacup They were both obviously pleased They looked at each other without uttering a word, then they both turned to me, and Yoko said, “We need you Can we have your home telephone number?” THE TAXI RIDE from Greenwich Village to my house in Queens gave me time to think through our long discussion As the cab approached my street, I was pleased that I certainly had a good story to tell my wife “So who were the ‘heavyweights’ you had to leave your office and go to see?” she asked as I walked into our bedroom “Well, let’s see,” I started to answer, the long “I’M A CONCEPTUAL ARTIST WHILE ATTENDING A PERFORMANCE AT THE PHILHARMONIC, I STOOD AT MY SEAT AND CONDUCTED THE ORCHESTRA.” NEWSWEEK evening of dealing with personalities and law and strategies swirling in my head “I think it was Jack Lemmon and Yoko Moto.” My wife gave me a long, hard look “Wait a minute, Leon Do you mean John Lennon and Yoko Ono?” “Uh, yeah,” I said “Oh my God, Leon! Where have you been all of these years?” Ruth asked “You really had no idea? John Lennon and Yoko Ono! I can’t even think of two people more famous than they are.” Obviously, I had a lot to learn about my new clients Adapted from John Lennon vs the U.S.A Copyright © 2016 by LEON WILDES All rights reserved 63 / / 2016 REWIND50 SEPTEMBER 26, 1966 YEARS IN “THE PANDERERS,” DESCRIBING A FAILED ATTEMPT TO HAVE THE ONLY TWO GIANT PANDAS OUTSIDE OF NORTH KOREA AND COMMUNIST CHINA MATE “Gingerly, the two furry, browneyed beasts were escorted into the 'mating paddock,' while British and Russian zoologists watched eagerly What they saw was a fiasco After 15 minutes of circling like wary boxers, the two pandas rushed at each other with hate rather than love in their eyes Hurriedly, they were pried apart with broom handles and herded back into their separate cages.” On the front lines of the fight against terror On Sale Now Find it on newsstands nationwide or OnNewsstandsNow.com I will find the right ingredients to open my second restaurant Imagine what you can with the right business credit and personal guidance Let’s work together to discover your business credit options and how they can directly fuel your business goals With our online resources, Credit Finder Tool, and skilled bankers, together we can help sustain and grow your business responsibly Explore your options and apply at wellsfargoworks.com/credit All credit decisions subject to credit approval © 2016 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A All rights reserved Member FDIC