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Passive Infinitive and Gerund I Choose the best answer A, B, C or D: The new students hope ……………in many of the school’s social activities a including b being included c to include d to be included Paul didn’t mind ……………….by his fortieth birthday party held by his friends a surprising b being surprising c to surprise d to be surprised I finally finished…………… at 7.00 p.m and served dinner a to cook b to be cooked c cooking d being cooked Although younger than the other children, she demanded………….….in the game a to include b to be included c including d being including The driver was so tired of ……… the same route every day that he asked for a transfer a to drive b being driven c driving d drive Ms Brown expects ……………… about any revisions to her story before it is printed a consulting b being consulted c to consult d to be consulted If we want to develop inner tranquility, we have to stop……………by every little thing a being bothered b bothering c to bother d to be bothered The mouse avoided …………….by coming out only when the two cats were outside a catching b to be caught c being caught d to catch We were shocked to hear the news of your………… ….fired a having been b having c to be d to have been 10 Mary’s children are used to ……………up after school every day a picking b pick c be picked d being picked 11 I don’t remember ………….of the decision to change the policy on vacations a telling b being told c to tell d to be told 12 Ann hopes ………….to join the club She could make business contacts there a inviting b being invited c to invite d to be invited 13 They were fortunate…………… from the fire before the building collapsed a to have rescued b to have been rescued c rescuing d to rescue 14 I truly appreciated ………….to give a speech in front of my school a asking b to have asked c to ask d having been asked 15 He admitted knowing about the embezzlement of funds from his company, but denied ……….….in any way a involving b being involved c having involved d to be involved II Find out the mistakes & correct them I don’t mind to be interviewed in the street by market researchers A B C D Most cats enjoy be stroked A B C D They didn’t ask me how operate this machine A B C D The army made him to complete his training course A B C D Try to don’t keep interrupting the speaker this time A B C D He enrolled at a language school in Pisa for learn basic Italian A B C D III Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence using Gerund Alice made a mistake in her homework She remembered it Alice remembered……………………………………… Tom asked me to remind him to buy a new shirt I forgot it I forgot ………………………………………………… Mr Pike taught John several years ago He doesn’t remember it Mr Pike doesn’t remember……………………………… This work must be done before we go home We mustn’t forget We mustn’t forget……………………………………… Peter lived in this city when he was a boy He doesn’t remember it Peter doesn’t remember………………………………………… IV Rewrite the following sentences using Gerund: A good way of keeping fit is to swim everyday Swimming……………………………………………………… It takes a long time to learn a foreign language We spend……………………………………………………… It is not easy to change money here on a Sunday Changing……………………………………………………… It is impossible to park your car during office hours Parking…………………………………………………… EXERCISE: Choose the correct answer A, B C or D She became tired of my complaints about the program She turned it off a Becoming tired of my complaints about the program, she turned it off b Having become tired of my complaints about the program, she turned it off c Became tired of my complaints about the program, she turned it off d Become tired of my complaints about the program, she turned it off He found no one at home He left the house in a bad temper a Found no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper b Has found no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper c Having found no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper d Finds no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper She hoped to find the lost book She searched everywhere a Hoping to find the lost book, the lost book, she searched everywhere b Hoped to find the lost book, she searched everywhere c Being hoped the lost book, she searched everywhere d Hopes to find the lost book, she searched everywhere He did all the exercises He turned on the TV to watch his favorite programme a Turning on the TV to watch his programme, he did all the exercises b Did all the exercises, he turned on the TV to watch his favorite programme c Having done all the exercises, he turned on the TV to watch his favorite programme d Has done all the exercises, he turned on the TV to watch his favorite programme He realized that he had missed the last train He began to walk a Realized that he had missed the last train, he began to walk b Began to walk, he realized that he had missed the last train c Realizing that he had missed the last train, he began to walk d Being realized that he had missed the last train, he began to walk He was exhausted by his work He threw himself on his bed a Was exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed b Exhaust by his work, he threw himself on his bed c Threw himself on his bed, exhausted by his work d Exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed.x He had spent all his money He decided to go home and ask his father for a job a Having spent all his money, He decided to go home and ask his father for a job b Spends all his money, He decided to go home and ask his father for a job c Had spent all his money, He decided to go home and ask his father for a job d Has spent all his money He decided to go home and ask his father for a job I turned on the light I was astonished at what I saw a Turned on the light, I was astonished at what I saw b Turn on the light, I was astonished at what I saw c Being turned on the light, I was astonished at what I saw d Turning on the light, I was astonished at what I saw The children realized that it was important for them to know how to read and write They tried to go the evening class regularly a Realized that it was important for them to know how to read and write, they tried to go the evening class regularly b Realizing that it was important for them to know how to read and write, they tried to go the evening class regularly c Being realized that it was important for them to know how to read and write, they tried to go the evening class regularly d Realize that it was important for them to know how to read and write, they tried to go the evening class regularly 10 I knew that he was poor I offered to pay his fare a Knowing that he was poor, offered to pay his fare b Knew that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare c Known that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare d Being known he was poor, I offered to pay his fare III Rewrite the following sentences using the words in the blanket “Yes I did drive too fast through the town.”, she said (admitted) “I’ll lend you some money, if you like” he said to me (offered) “I haven’t smoked for three years, she said” (stopped) We needed petrol, so we went to a service station (stopped) I didn’t buy food for dinner so we had to go out (forgot) Jack said that he hadn’t cheated in the exam (denied) It was difficult for me not to laugh at Wendy’s letter (help) I am sorry but you have not been appointed to the post (regret) I think it would be a good idea to take the train 10 My neighbor said he would call the police (threatened) Gerund and present participle/Perfect gerund and perfect participle I Gerund and present participle: 1.Gerund: cấu tạo động từ + Ving có chức danh từ Ving - Làm chủ ngữ câu: Swimming in a swimming pool on a hot day is very interesting - Làm tân ngữ cho động từ: He likes playing football - Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ: Conservation is safeguarding and preservation of natural resources - Được dùng sau, tính từ sở hữu: Eg: Thank you for your coming - You shouldn’t rely on his calling you -Được dùng sau tính từ + giới từ: afraid of, angry with, ashamed of, (in) capable of, … Eg: Alice is fond of dancing -Được dùng sau danh từ + giới từ: choice of, intention of, reason for, method for… Eg: There is no reason for leaving this early -Được dùng sau động từ + giới từ: approve of, apologize for… John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice Present participle: Được thành lập cách them ING vào động từ nguyên mẫu Ving Present Participle dung: -để thành lập tiếp diễn: It was raining when I got home - dùng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: Eg: A lorry carrying concrete pipes has overturned this morning = A lorry which was carrying concrete pipes has overturned this morning -sau động từ tri giác: see, hear, feel, smell… Eg: I see him passing my house -sau catch, find, leave + O I caught him stealing my apples -sau go, come, spend, waste, be busy Eg: James is busy practicing for the concert -để thay cho chủ từ + động từ dạng chủ động: * Khi hai hành động : xảy đồng thời, chủ ngữ: hành động diễn đạt phân từ Phân từ đứng trước sau động từ chia + We sat in front of TV, watching football + He holds the rope with one hand and stretches out the other to the boy in the water = Holding the rope with one hand, he stretches out the other to the boy in the water *Khi hành động chủ thể xảy lien tiếp hành động xảy trước thường diễn đạt phân từ Hiện phân từ phải đặt đầu câu Nhưng hành động thứ kết phần hành động thứ diễn đạt hành động HTPT Eg: He fỉred, wounding one of the bandits EXERCIES: I Telling what the ING is gerund or present participle: Drinking is necessary to maintain life Smoking is dangerous for your health 3 They are sitting on the bench in the park My lunch waiting for me here is a delicious meal He is reading a newspaper in the waiting room Swimming is my hobby It is very hot today There are a lot of people in the swimming pool We saw a boy swimming across the street Mary is afraid of fishing on the lake in hot weather 10 Tom has bought a new fishing line 11 I watched them fishing on the lake all the afternoon 12 We heard hunter shooting wild animals in the forest 13 Hunting was Hemingway’s favourite hobby 14 Air plane is the flying machine 15 The duck which was flying low over the marsh was easy target for the hidden hunters II Complete the following sentences and tell what the ING is gerund or Present participle: (Feel) hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge My boss spends hours a day (travel) to work (Play) games is my hobby One of life’s pleasure is (have) breakfast in bed (Whistle) to himself, he walked down the road They found the money (lye) on the ground He was trapped in a burning house I am tired of (work) eight hours a day She always puts off (go) to the dentist Perfect Gerund and perfect participle I Perfect Gerund: (Danh động từ hoàn thành): thành lập having + past participle Nó dùng: -thay cho hình thức danh động từ để nhấn mạnh hoàn thành hành động Eg: I approved of helping the poor I approved of having helped the poor II Perfect participle: Phân từ hoàn thành: thành lập having + past participle -Có thể dùng thay cho phân từ câu có hành động xảy lien tiếp chủ từ để nhấn mạnh hoàn thành hành động Eg: Finishing/Having finished my homework, I went to bed • Tuy nhiên thiết phải dùng PTHT khi: -có khoảng thoì gian giứa hành động: Eg: Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again -hành động kéo dài khoảng thời gian Eg: Having been his boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another