I - SENTENCE BUILDINGS S + BE + ADJ + TO_INF I am happy to see you here S + BE + ADJ + CLAUSE I’m sorry (that) you can’t come (Tôi tiếc bạn đến được.) S + BE/V + TOO + ADJ/ADV + (FOR + O) + TO_INF ( nên ) S + BE/V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (FOR + O) + TO_INF ( đủ để làm ) Tom is old enough to go to school (Tom đủ tuổi để học) IT + BE + ADJ + (FOR + O) + TO_INF It is important for everybody to know English (Mọi người biết Tiếng Anh quan trọng) IT + BE + ADJ + THAT _ CLAUSE It is splendid that you passed the exam IT + BE + ADJ + OF + O + TO_INF It’s kind of you to help me (Bạn thật tử tế giúp tôi) IT + BE + ADJ + THAT + S + (SHOULD) + BARE INF It’s necessary that we (should) study English regularly (Thật cần thiết học tiếng Anh thường xuyên) IT WAS NOT UNTIL THAT (Mãi .mới ) It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped (Mãi đến nửa đêm tiếng ồn trước nhà hết) 10 S + BE/GET + USED TO + N/V_ing (Quen với) I am used to staying up late I am used to the heat because I have been living here for a long time 11 S + USED TO + BARE INF ( ) He used to have a long hair (Anh để tóc dài) 12 IT + TAKES/TOOK/WILL TAKE/ HAS TAKEN + (O) + TIME + TO_INF (Ai thời gian để làm gì) It takes him thirty minutes to write a letter It took me two hours to repair the computer last night 13 S + HAVE/GET + O(st) + PP (Nhờ làm việc gì) 14 S + HAVE + O(so) + BARE INF = S + GET + O(so) + TO_INF We are going to have/get our car repaired next week (Chúng nhờ người sửa xe cho chúng tôi) I have my brother repair my bike/ I get my brother to repair my bike (Tôi nhờ anh sửa xe đạp cho tôi) 15 SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT = SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + N + THAT ( .đến nỗi ) The film was so good that I saw it three times (bộ phim hay xem lần) It was such a hard cake that he couldn’t eat it (Đó bánh rắn anh ăn được) 16 AFTER + S1 + PAST PERFECT + S2 + SIMPLE PAST After I had entered the house, it began to rain (Sau vào nhà trời bắt đầu mưa) 17 S1 + V + THAT + S2 + (SHOULD) + BARE INF We insist that a meeting (should) be held as soon as possible (Chúng nài nỉ họp tổ chức sớm tốt) 18 S1 + WISH + (THAT) + S2 + PAST/PAST PERFECT/WOULD INF I wish I knew English well (Câu ước tại) I wish hat I had gone to the party last Sunday (câu ước khứ) I wish I could go to England some day (câu ước tại, tương lai) 19 S1 + PRESENT PERFECT + SINCE + S2 + SIMPLE PAST He has worked as a pilot since he left university (Anh làm phi công từ anh học xong đại học) 20 IT IS + TIME + SINCE + S + SIMPLE PAST (Đã kể từ ) It is over six months since John last had his hair cut (Đã tháng kể từ John cắt tóc) 21 IT + BE + PHRASE + THAT CLAUSE (chính ) It is the manager, not his assistant, that I want to see (Chính ông quản lí, người phụ tá ông ấy, người muốn gặp) 22 NEITHER + S1 + NOR + S2 + V (cả lẫn không ) (động từ chia theo chủ ngữ đứng sau “nor”) Neither my brother nor I am good at French /Neither I nor my brother is good at French (Cả anh không giỏi tiếng Pháp) 23 .NOT ONLY BUT ALSO / BUT AS WELL (Không mà ) He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me (Không anh tiêu hết tiền mà mượn tôi) 24 NOT ONLY + AUX + S1 + V + BUT + S2 + ALSO / AS WELL (Không mà - đảo ngữ mẫu câu trên) Not only did he refuse to take the medicine but he also hit the nurse 25 S1 + HAD + NO SOONER + PP + THAN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST S1 + HAD + HARDLY/SCARELY + PP + WHEN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST ( vừa ) I had no sooner opened the door than the telephone rang (Tôi vừa mở cửa vào điện thoại reo) I had scarely closed the door when somebody started to knock (Tôi vừa đóng cửa có gõ cửa) 26 NO SOONER + HAD + S + PP + THAN + S + SIMPLE PAST HARDLY/SCARELY + HAD + S + PP + WHEN + S + SIMPLE PAST No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again 27 NO MATER HOW + ADJ/ADV + S + V , (Dù ) No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this (Dù bạn thông minh bạn nên cẩn thận điều này) 28 PREFER + V_ing/N + TO + V_ing/N = PREFER + TO_INF + RATHER THAN + BARE INF = WOULD RATHER + BARE INF + THAN + BARE INF = WOULD RATHER + BARE INF + O1 + THAN + O2 = LIKE + V_ing/N + BETTER THAN + V_ing/N (cả mẫu câu có nghĩa “thích hơn”) Tom prefers reading to talking (Tom thích đọc nói) Tom would rather read than talk (Tom thích đọc nói) Tom likes reading better than talking (Tom thích đọc nói) II SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION TO_INF + BE + ADJ → IT + BE + ADJ + TO_INF IT + BE + ADJ + HOW + ADJ + (IT + BE) + TO_INF To sit here with you is so nice → It’s so nice to sit here with you → It’s so nice sitting here with you → How nice (it is) to sit here with you (Ngồi với bạn thật tuyệt) TO_INF + BE + ADJ/N → S + V + IT + ADJ/N + TO_INF To be there on time is important → I find it important to be there on time (Tôi nhận thấy có mặt quan trọng) Living on my salary must be hard > I find it hard to live on my salary (Tôi thấy khó sống dựa lương mình) THAT CLAUSE + BE + ADJ → S + V + IT + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE That we should keep calm is important → I think it important that we should keep calm (Quan trọng phải giữ bình tĩnh) TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT The tea was too hot for me to drink (Trà nóng uống) → The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it (Trà nóng uống được) → It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it (Đõ tách trà nóng k thể uống đc) It is time for S.b to S.th = it's time that S.b did smth eg: It's very high time for you to go now > It's very high time that you went now (Lƣu ý gặp IT WAS TIME vế đằng sau em phải chia thành had done – lùi phải ko nào?) ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT This song is simple enough for all of us to sing (Bài hát đủ đơn giản để tất hát) → This song is so simple that all of us can sing it (Bài hát đơn giản tất hát được) → It is such a simple song that all of us can sing it .SO + ADJ + THAT → TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF .SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF The jacket is so small that I can’t wear it → The jacket is too small for me to wear So + adj + that (clause) Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause) eg: The box was so heavy that the children couldn’t carry it > It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF ↔ ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF The tea was too hot for her to drink ↔ The tea was not cold enough for her to drink .SO + ADJ + THAT ↔ SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT It is such lovely weather that we spend the whole day in the garden → The weather is so lovely that we spend the whole day in the garden Lưu ý gặp đảo ngữ: So lovely is the weather that we spend the whole day in the garden ALTHOUGH/THOUGH + CLAUSE (Mặc dù nhƣng ) ↔ DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF + N/V_ing/THE FACT THAT + CLAUSE Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car → In spite of/ Despite his broken leg/ his leg being broken, he managed to get out of his car → In spite of/ Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car (Dù chân gãy anh khỏi xe) In spite of being tired, they stayed until they found out what happened > Although they were very tired, they …… BECAUSE + CLAUSE ↔ BECAUSE OF + (ADJ) + N (Bởi ) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her ↔ Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her IF NOT = UNLESS (Nếu không thì/ Trừ phi .) He’ll die if nobody brings him to hospital ↔ Unless somebody brings him to hosital, he’ll die (Anh chết đưa tới bệnh viện/ Trừ phi có người đưa anh đến bệnh viện, anh chết) REAL PAST SITUATION ↔ IF + PAST PERFECT (điều kiện có thật khứ) (câu điều kiện loại 3) We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money ↔ If we had had enough money, we would/could have gone on holiday Mẹo: Tình đưa tại, kết tại/tương lai chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Tình đưa khứ, kết khứ chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Cũng gặp dạng CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRỘN tình đưa khứ kết a) I can't see the play because it is solded out > If the play weren’t solded out, I could see it (nếu kịch ko bị bán hết vé (hiện tại), xem (IF ONLY/I WISH the play weren’t sold out) b) We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money -> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday (Nếu có đủ tiền, nghỉ mát) PAST SITUATION ↔ WISH + HAD + PP FUTURE WOULD + INF (Điều kiện có thật tại/quá khứ/ tương lai -> ước ) I am sorry that I didn’t go to the library last Sunday (Tôi tiếc không tới thư viện chủ nhật trước) ↔ I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday (Tôi ước chủ nhật trước không tới thư viện)