O c 10 01 nguyen tu bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc

www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 11 13 14 17 18 s Li K Ba [Rn]7s2 Franxi [Rn]7s1 [226] Ra 88 Fr [223] [227] Ac Ca Actini [Ar]6d17s2 89 Lantan [Ar]5d16s2 138,9 Bari [Xe]6s2 57 Xezi [Xe]6s1 137,31 La 56 Ba 132,9 Cs 87 55 Yttri [Kr]4d15s2 Stronti [Kr]5s2 88,91 [Kr]5s1 39 Y 87,62 Sr 38 91,22 Zr 178,5 180,9 Na [Ar]5f146d27s2 Vonfram Mg Al 54,94 Mn Tc [99] 75 Rheni Re 186,2 Tecneti [Kr]4d55s2 43 Mangan [Ar]3d54s2 25 [264] Bh Cr [Ar]5f146d57s2 Bhori 107 [Ar]4f145d56s2 Mn [Ar]5f146d57s1 Seabogi [Ar]5f146d37s2 Dubni [226] Sg 106 [Ar]4f145d56s1 W 74 183,85 Db 105 [262] Rf [261] 104 Tantal Ta [Ar]4f145d36s2 73 [Kr]4d55s1 95,94 Niobi [Kr]4d35s2 42 Mo 92,91 52,00 Cr Crom [Ar]3d54s1 24 Nb 41 Hafni Hf 50,94 V [Ar]3d34s2 23 [Ar]4f145d26s2 72 Zirconi [Kr]4d25s2 40 Titan [Ar]3d24s2 47,87 [Ar]3d14s2 22 1s1 H 1,008 Ti 44,96 Sc 21 Tên Rb 85,47 Canxi [Ar]4s2 Kali [Ar]4s1 40,08 Ca 39,10 K 20 24,31 Magie [Ne]3s2 12 Natri [Ne]3s1 22,99 Beri 1s22s2 Liti 1s22s1 9,01 Be Li 6,94 1s1 Mg 19 37 1,008 H Na 11 55,85 Fe 190,2 Osmi Os [264] Hs Zn [Ar]5f146d67s2 Hassi 108 [Ar]4f145d66s2 76 Rhuteni [Kr]4d65s2 Ru 44 101,07 [Ar]3d64s2 26 58,93 Co 192,2 Ir [268] Mt Cr [Ar]5f146d77s2 Meitneri 109 [Ar]4f145d76s2 77 [Kr]4d75s2 Rh 45 102,91 Coban [Ar]3d74s2 27 58,69 Ni 106,40 Pd Vàng Fe [Ar]5f146d87s2 Ununnili Uun 110 [271] Ni 65,39 Zn [277] Pb [Ar]5f146d107s2 Ununbi Uub 112 [Ar]4f145d106s2 Hg 80 200,59 Cadimi [Kr]4d105s2 Cd 48 112,41 [Ar]3d104s2 30 Sn [Ar]5f146d107s1 Unununi [272] Uuu 111 [Ar]4f145d106s1 Plantin 79 196,97 [Kr]4d105s1 Ag 47 107,87 Au 195,09 63,55 Cu [Ar]3d104s1 29 Pt [Ar]4f145d86s2 78 [Kr]4d85s2 46 Niken [Ar]3d84s2 28 10,81 B 69,72 Galli Ga 114,8 In 204,4 Tl 113 H2 phá Tali [A]5d106s2p1 81 [Kr]4d105s2p1 49 [Ar]3d104s2p1 31 72,61 Ge 118,7 Sn 207,2 Pb [289] Cu Uuq 114 Chì [A]5d106s2p2 82 [Kr]4d105s2p2 50 [Ar]3d104s2p2 Germani 32 Silic [Ne]2s22p2 28,09 Nhôm [Ne]2s22p1 14 16,00 209,0 Bi phá Hg 115 Bismut [A]5d106s2p3 83 [Kr]4d105s2p3 phá Ag 116 Pt 117 phá Au 118 phá [A]5d106s2p6 [222] Astali [A]5d106s2p5 86 Poloni [A]5d106s2p4 [210] Xenon [Kr]4d105s2p6 Rn 85 131,3 Xe At [209] [Kr]4d105s2p5 54 [Ar]3d104s2p6 Po 84 [Kr]4d105s2p4 Iot 126,9 Telluri 53 Antimon 127,6 I 52 [Ar]3d104s2p5 Te 121,8 [Ar]3d104s2p4 Ab 51 [Ar]3d104s2p3 Krypton 83,80 Brom 36 Seleni 79,90 Arsenic 35 Kr 78,96 Br 34 39,95 Ar Argon [Ne]2s22p6 18 Se 74,92 35,45 Cl Clo [Ne]2s22p5 17 Neon 1s22s22p6 20,18 Flo 1s22s22p5 10 Ne 19,00 Heli 1s2 F 1,008 He As 33 [Ne]2s22p4 32,07 Photpho [Ne]2s22p3 16 Oxi 1s22s22p4 O S 30,97 P 15 1s22s22p3 14,01 Cacbon 1s22s22p2 N 12,01 C Si 26,98 Al 13 Bo 1s22s22p1 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Proton (p) Nguyên – Electron (e) P = E = Z A=Z+N = P +N+E = 2Z +N = A + Z A Z electron X Obitan (AO) electron electron n có n (K, L, …, Q) n2 2n2 s p d 10 f 14 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Nguyên lí Pau–li: VD: Sai – – – VD: C (Z = 6) 1s2 2s2 N (Z = 7): 2p2 1s2 2s2 2p3 2, 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p … o electron i n tr c 3d 4s 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p p6, … s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD: Z = 6: 1s22s22p2 Z = 20: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Z = 22: 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 VD: 16 14 18 A, B, 8D 16 8A vµ 18 8D – * (* A1 A2 … An x1 x2 … xn + x2 + … + xn = 100 %) A1 x1 A x2 An xn x1 x xn AX (A) proton electron (C) electron (B (D) proton, nơtron, electron (A) A = Z + P (C) A = Z + N (B) A = Z + E (D) A = 2E (A) 12 X (B) 18 X (C) 18 12 X (D) 14 X s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (A) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s … (C) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d … (B) 1s 2s 2p 3s 4s 3p 3d … (D) 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d … (A) 1s22s22p63s23p3 (B) 1s22s22p63s23p1 (C) 1s22s22p63s13p2 (D) 1s22s22p63s23p2 (A (B (C (D (A) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 (B) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 (C) 1s22s22p63s23p63d84s3 (D) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 4ns2 (n-1)d5ns1 (A (B (C (D 9ns2 10ns1 26 55 13 X, 26Y vµ 26 12 Z ? s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 chu kì Ô nguyên Chu kì Nhóm VD: Na (Z = 11): [Ne] 3s1; Ca (Z = 20): [Ar]4s2 *) VD: – Al (Z = 13): 1s22s22p63s23p1 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 KL) R) I) Bz) Tính phi kim (PK) E) Ax) – Tính phi kim – Tính axit >< R), (KL), (Bz R), (KL), (Bz R, KL, Bz I), (E), (PK), (Ax I), (E), (PK), (Ax I, E, PK, Ax R, KL, Bz I, E, PK, Ax N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 CK1 H He R, KL, Bz CK2 Li I, E, PK, Ax CK3 Na Mg Al Si P CK4 K Be B C N O F Ne S Cl Ar Ca x x 8–x VD: Nhóm IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 SO3 Cl2O7 SiH4 PH3 H2S HCl s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (A (B (C (D A (A) (B) (C) (D) 16 B (A (B (C (D C (A) (B) D (A (C (C) (B (D E Tính phi kim F A B) F, C, O, Li C) D) F, O, C, Li (D) s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 G (A) I, Br, Cl, F (C) F, Cl, Br, I H (A) Magie (B) I, Br, F, Cl (D) Br, I, Cl, F (B) Nitơ (C) Cacbon I (A) RH5 (D) Photpho 2O5 (B) RH3 (C) RH (D) RH2 J (A (B (C (D K (A) M < X < Y < R (C) R < M < X < Y L (A) NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 (C) Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, NaOH (B) Y < M < X < R (D) M < X < R < Y (B) Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, NaOH (D) NaOH, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 2Z N – A Z – – N Z VD1: 2Z N 82 Z N 2Z - N=22 26 30 56 26 X VD2: X ) Vì ZX < 82 nên ta có Thay ( N Z 1,52 Z N 2Z + N 3,52Z 18 3,52Z 5,11 Vì Z nguyên nên Z = Z=6 1,52Z Z 1,52 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 M N O P Q s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD3: – Mg (Z = 12): 1s22s22p63s2 – Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5 – Ca (Z = 20): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 ansb a+b 3–7 – 10 11, 12 VD4: – Fe (Z = 56): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Nhóm IIIB – VIIB VIIIB IB IIB www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 R K (Z = 19), Cr (Z = 24) S T U V A + ZB s s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 A1 x1 A x An xn x1 x xn AX – Chú ý: x1 + x2 + … + xn = 100 x1, x2, …, xn VD5: 35 17 Cl vµ 37 17 Cl 35 17 Cl 37 17 Cl ACl 35.75, 77 37.24, 23 100 35,48 35, 48 63 63 Cu (A) 27 % (B) 50 % (C) 54 % 63 65 A Cu 63.x 65.(100 100 x) Cu Cu 100 – x 63,54 Đáp án D (D) 73 % Cu vµ 65 Cu s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 W 12 6C 13 6C 40 18 Ar 36 18 Ar (0,31 %) vµ 38 18 Ar (99, 63 %); (0, 06 %) 3Li X vµ 63Li 3Li Y nX : nX X1 X2 1 : 2 X2 37 17 Cl Z 35 17 Cl (A) 8,43 % 37 17 Cl (B) 8,79 % 37 17 Cl (C) 8,92 % mol HClO4 37 17 Cl 37 17 Cl a 10 B vµ 11 : MHClO4 HClO4 B 11 16 O vµ 1H) B H3BO3 HClO4 (D) 8,56 % s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 x x 8–x VD7: 2O5 (A (C (B) cacbon (D) photpho 2O5 %mR MR 100 % MR R 82, 35 % = 14 (đvC) R nitơ b c d Đáp án C Trong oxit mà 2np4 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Câu Câu D B B C C B A D D C E B F D A G A A H C A I B C J A A B K C L B E Tính phi kim M a P = N = E = 12 b 24 X 12 16 O O N 27 Al b 13 P ZA = 12; ZB = s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Q A, ZB 2(Z A +NA )+2ZB NB 2.2Z A ZA 2ZB 140 2.NA NB 44 ZB 11 A=19, ZB = R a Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1 S (Z = 16): 1s22s22p63s23p4 K (Z = 19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Cr (Z = 24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 A) A) A) B) S A) T A) U 22s22p5 V ZA = 15, A photpho (P); ZB W a AC = 12,011 b AAr = 39,9864 X Li = % s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Y X2 Z C 37 17 Cl 37 17 Cl = 0,2423.37 = 8,9651 1.MHClO4 = + 35,5 + 16.4 = 100,5 Cl= 35,5 8,9651 Cl HClO4 = 100,5 100% = 8,92 % 37 17 a 11B 11B mol H3BO3 (0,81mol) 11B (8,91 gam) 3BO3 (61,81 gam) 11B b 2O5 c b X S d c %mX(XO ) 40% H3BO3 (14,42 %) (81 %) [...]... MHClO4 trong HClO4 B 11 16 O vµ 1H) B trong H3BO3 trong HClO4 (D) 8,56 % s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 x thì x 8–x VD7: 2O5 (A (C (B) cacbon (D) photpho 2O5 3 %mR MR 100 % MR 3 R 82, 35 % = 14 (đvC) R là nitơ b c d Đáp án C 3 Trong oxit mà 3 2np4 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 C u C u 1 D B B 2 C C B 3 A D D 4 C E 5 B F D 6 A G A 7 A H C 8 A I B 9 C J A A B K C L B E Tính phi kim M a P... A Cu 63.x 65. (100 100 x) Cu Cu là 100 – x 63,54 Đáp án D (D) 73 % Cu vµ 65 Cu s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 W 12 6C 13 6C 40 18 Ar 36 18 Ar (0,31 %) vµ 38 18 Ar (99, 63 %); (0, 06 %) 7 3Li X vµ 63Li 6 3Li Y nX : nX là X1 và X2 1 1 1 : 3 1 2 2 2 và X2 37 17 Cl Z 35 17 Cl (A) 8,43 % 37 17 Cl (B) 8,79 % 37 17 Cl (C) 8,92 % trong 1 mol HClO4 37 17 Cl 4 37 17 Cl a 10 B vµ 11 : MHClO4 trong HClO4... 39,9864 X 6 3 Li = 7 % s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Y 1 và X2 Z C 37 17 Cl 4 37 17 Cl = 0,2423.37 = 8,9651 4 1.MHClO4 = 1 + 35,5 + 16.4 = 100 ,5 Cl= 35,5 8,9651 Cl trong HClO4 = 100 ,5 100 % = 8,92 % 37 17 a 11B 11B trong 1 mol H3BO3 (0,81mol) 11B (8,91 gam) 3BO3 (61,81 gam) 11B b 2O5 c b X là S d c %mX(XO 3 ) 40% trong H3BO3 (14,42 %) (81 %) ... – 10 11, 12 VD4: – Fe (Z = 56): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Nhóm IIIB – VIIB VIIIB IB và IIB www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 R K (Z = 19), Cr (Z = 24) S T U V A + ZB s s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 A1 x1 A 2 x 2 An xn x1 x 2 xn AX – Chú ý: x1 + x2 + … + xn = 100 x1, x2, …, xn VD5: 35 17 Cl vµ 37 17 Cl 35 17 Cl 37 17 Cl ACl 35.75, 77 37.24, 23 100 35,48 35, 48 63 63 Cu là (A) 27 % (B) 50 % (C) ...s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 2Z N – A Z – – N Z 1 VD1: 2Z N 82 Z N 2Z - N=22 26 30 56 26 X VD2: trong X ) Vì ZX < 82 nên ta c Thay ( 1 N Z 1,52 Z N 2Z + N 3,52Z 18 3,52Z 5,11 Vì Z nguyên nên Z = 6 Z=6 1,52Z Z 6 1,52 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 M N O P Q 2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD3: – Mg (Z = 12): 1s22s22p63s2 – Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5 – Ca (Z = 20): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2... 16 O 8 O N 27 Al b 13 P ZA = 12; ZB = 8 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Q A, ZB 2(Z A +NA )+2ZB NB 2.2Z A ZA 2ZB 140 2.NA NB 44 ZB 11 A=19, ZB = 8 R a Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1 S (Z = 16): 1s22s22p63s23p4 K (Z = 19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Cr (Z = 24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 A) A) A) B) S A) T A) U 22s22p5 V ZA = 15, A là photpho (P); ZB W a AC = 12 ,011 b AAr = 39,9864 X 6 3 Li = 7 % s www.TOPPER.com.vn