Thinking Like a Lawyer Essays on Legal History and General History for John Crook on His Eightieth Birthday Mnemosyne Bibliotheca Classica Batava S

THINKING LIKE A LAWYER MNEMOSYNE SUPPLEMENTS SUBSERIES HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY EDITORS WILLEM M JONGMAN • IAN MORRIS VOLUME CCXXXI PAUL MCKECHNIE THINKING LIKE A LAWYER THINKING LIKE A LAWYER ESSAYS ON LEGAL HISTORY AND GENERAL HISTORY FOR JOHN CROOK ON HIS EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY EDITED BY PAUL MCKECHNIE BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KƯLN 2002 This book is printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McKechnie, Paul Thinking like a lawyer : essays on legal history and general history for John Crook on his eightieth birthday / edited by Paul McKechnie p cm — (Mnemosyne Supplements, ISSN 0169-8958 ; v 231 History and archaeology of classical antiquity) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 9004124748 (hb : acid-free paper) I.Roman law Rome—History I Crook, J.A (John Anthony) II McKechnie, Paul, 1957- III Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava Supplementum ; 231 IV Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava Supplementum History and archaeology of classical antiquity KJA147.T482002 340.5'4—dc21 2001059241 Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufhahme [Mnemosyne / Supplementum] Mnemosyne : bibliotheca classica Batava Supplementum - Leiden ; Boston ; Koln : Brill Friiher Schriftenreihe Teilw u.d.T.: Mnemosyne / Supplements Reihe Supplementum zu: Mnemosyne 231 McKechnie Paul : Thinking like a lawyer Thinking like a lawyer : essays on legal history and general history for John Crook on his eightieth birthday / ed by Paul McKechnie - Leiden ; Boston ; Koln : Brill, 2002 (Mnemosyne : Supplementum ;231) ISBN 90-04-12474-8 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 9004124748 © Copyright 2002 by Koninklijke Brill JW, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Authorization to photocopy itemsfor internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 DanversMA 01923, USA Fees are subject to change PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS NONIS NOUEMBRIBUS MMI* lure peritus adest; linguis faueatis, amici: natalem ex animo commemorare decet Crucquius est nomen; Joannes saepius audit: mense sub undecimo lustra bis octo feret principio iuuenis sese inuenit inter Amicos Principis ignotus Consiliumque petit, scrutatur fontes; Comitum comes evenit ipse: nomina Amicorum cuncta coronis habet postmodo de prelo paret lus Vitaque Romae qui labor auctori! lectio laeta tamen historiis docet ille; sapit placuisse docendo; consulto causas enucleare libet deinde Vicaria Vox auditur causidicorum uendibili lingua proficiente reis en, tria doctrinae monumenta carentia morte: Rhetor, lus Uiuum, Consiliumque Duds uiuas et valeas, loannes care, precamur, consultus iuris iustitiaeque simul ON JOHN CROOK'S EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY (5.11.2001) The lawyer's clock is running, so pray silence, friends The form is: the lawyer's own birthday honours Surname: CROOK Usual appellation: JOHN Age in years: 80 D.O.B.: O5 NOV 1921 1st Publ.: CONSILIUM PRINCIPIS, IMPERIAL COUNCIL AND COUNCILLORS FROM AUGUSTUS TO DIOCLETIAN (CAMBRIDGE, 1955) Junior then, he found himself dealing with Emperors' Friends; New boy in town, he went in search of the Counselling; In focussed work on the sources, there emerges a Councillor's Counsel; Appended, the catalogue of all known Friends Next from the press: LAW AND LIFE OF ROME (LONDON, 1967) So much toil for the author, but still a joy to read: J.A.C uses stories to teach, knows to give pleasure teaching; Just ask: the Roman lawyer likes getting to the heart of each case LEGAL ADVOCACY IN THE ROMAN WORLD (LONDON, 1995) Listen! Tongues for hire; the dock to defend There, a monumental triptych of permanent scholarship: LEGAL ADVOCACY; LAW & LIFE; CONSILIUM PRINCIPIS Dear John, we wish you good health for many years to come, Expert in law, expert in justice, both * By Guy Lee; English version by John Henderson This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Contributors xi Introduction Paul McKechnie SECTION A: Thinking about Civil Law Peculiar Questions David Johnston Diem diffindere: die Vertagung im Urteilstermin nach der lex Irnitana Joseph Georg Wolf 15 Consilium praesidis: Advising Governors 43 Paul Weaver Aspects of Violent Crime in the Roman Empire 63 Keith Hopwood SECTION B: Thinking like a Roman Mental Maps: Seeing like a Roman C.R Whittaker 81 Aeneid 6.826—35: Homer and Caesar's Gallic Command W.R Barnes 113 Dido's Treasure at Tacitus Annals 16.1—3 131 P Murgatroyd SECTION C: Vicarious Voices Direct Democracy, Ancient and Modern M.H Hansen 135 Mil CONTENTS Advocacy, Logography and Erotesis in Athenian Lawcourts S.C Todd 151 Herodotus and the Iranian Tradition J.S Sheldon 167 Philosophy, Rhetoric and Legal Advocacy R Godfrey Tanner 181 SECTION D: Law and Life of Rome Pro and anti: the dignitas of the Senate in 88 BC A.M Stone The Law is not Mocked: Straightening out a Crooked Will (Phaedrus 4.5) John Henderson 191 213 The Pompeian Tablets and Some Literary Texts Duncan Cloud 231 A New Inscription from Carian Aphrodisias Joyce Reynolds 247 Roman Law and the Laws of the Medes and Persians: Decius' and Valerian's Persecutions of Christianity Paul McKechnie 253 The Express Route to Hades Beryl Rawson 271 John Crook: Bibliography Paul McKechnie, Kathryn McKee and W.R Barnes 289 Index 295 PREFACE Editing a celebratory book for someone with as many friends as John Crook has ought to be easy; and as such things go, it was I wish to thank the Managers of the Maitland Memorial Fund in the Faculty of Law in the University of Cambridge for a grant towards the project At St John's College, Cambridge, I wish to thank Prof Malcolm Schofield, Mr A.G Lee, Mrs Kathryn McKee and Mrs Fiona Colbert I wish to thank Dr Mary Beard (Newnham College, Cambridge) and Prof Samuel N.C Lieu (Macquarie University) for support and advice At the University of Auckland Dr W.R Barnes has given help well beyond the call of duty; and I also wish to thank Ms Emily Baragwanath, Ms Birgitte Kristoffersen and Ms Jessica Priestley All the contributors have met my requests and borne with my failings good-humouredly (Dr John Henderson has had more to put up with than most) Finally, the encouragement and efficiency of Ms Loes Schouten and Mr Michiel Klein Swormink at Koninklijke Brill NV have made working on this book a constant pleasure BIBLIOGRAPHY 1970 291 'Strictum et aequum: Law in the Time of Nero' Irish Jurist (1970), 357-68 review of Regula Frei-Stolba Untersuchungen iu den Wahlen in der rb'mischen Kaiserzeit (Zurich, 1967): Classical Review 20 (1970), 65-8 review of Alan Watson The Law of Property in the Later Roman Republic (Oxford, 1968): Classical Review 20 (1970), 359-61 review of David Daube Roman Law: Linguistic, Social, and Philosophical Aspects (Edinburgh, 1969): Classical Review 20 (1970), 361-3 1971 A.H.M Jones and John Crook, P.Oxy 2857, in G.M Browne, J.D Thomas, E.G Turner and Marcia E Weinstein (eds.) Oxyrhynchus Papyri 38 (nos 2824-2877) (London, Egypt Exploration Society, 1971), 77-80 review of A.N Sherwin-White Racial Prejudice in Imperial Rome (Cambridge, 1967): Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971), 276 review of Sympotica Franz Wieacker sexagenario Sachsbachwaldeni a suis libata (Gottingen, 1970): Classical Review 21 (1971), 396-7 review of L.A Thompson & J Ferguson (eds.) Africa in Classical Antiquity (Ibadan, 1969): Eagle 64 (1971), 144 1972 A.H.M Jones The Criminal Courts of the Roman Republic and Principate (ed John Crook) (Oxford, Blackwell, 1972) review of Ronald Syme Ten Studies in Tacitus (Oxford, 1970): Classical Review 22 (1972), 221-2 review of H.U Instinsky Formalien im Briejwechsel des Plinius mil Kaiser Trajan (Mainz, 1970): Classical Review 22 (1972), 222~3 review of Clarence W Mendell Tacitus: the Man and his Work (London, 1970): Classical Review 22 (1972), 223 review of Peter Garnsey Social Status and Legal Privilege in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1970): Classical Review 22 (1972), 238-42 review of Sir Ronald Syme Emperors and Biography: Studies in the Historia Augusta (Oxford, 1971): Journal of Theological Studies 23 (1972), 247-9 1973 'Intestacy in Roman Society' Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 19 (1973), 38-44 1974 review of M Humbert Le remariage a Rome, etude d'histoire juridique et sociale (Milan, 1972): Journal of Roman Studies 64 (1974), 234-5 review of Alan Watson Roman Private Law around 200 BC (Edinburgh, 1971): Classical Review 24 (1974), 239-40 review of Alan Watson The Law of Succession in the Later Roman Republic (Oxford, 1971): Classical Review 24 (1974), 240-3 review of A Masi Ricerche sulla 'res privata' del 'princeps' (Milan, 1971): Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiednis 42 (1974), 328-9 1975 Consilium Principis: Imperial Councils and Counsellors from Augustus to Diocletian (Cambridge, CUP, 1955): reprinted 1975 review of H.F Jolowicz and Barry Nicholas Historical Introduction to the Study of Roman Law1 (Cambridge, 1972): Classical Review 25 (1975), 66-9 review of A.N Sherwin-White The Roman Citizenship2 (Oxford, 1973): Classical Review 25 (1975), 282-3 review of Alan Rodger Owners and Neighbours in Roman Law (Oxford, 1972): Classical Review 25 (1975), 283-5 review of Giuliana Lanata Gli atti dei martin come documenti processuali (Milan, 1973): Classical Review 25 (1975), 287-8 1976 Law and Life of Rome: Aspects of Greek and Roman Life (Ithaca, Cornell University Press, and London, Thames and Hudson, 1967): reprinted 1976 ''Sponsione provocare: its Place in Roman Litigation' Journal of Roman Studies 66 (1976), 132-8 'Classical Roman Law and the Sale of Land' in M.I Finley (ed.) Studies in Roman Property (Cambridge, CUP, 1976), 71-83 292 JOHN CROOK review of Alan Watson Law Making in the Later Roman Republic (Oxford, 1974): Classical Review 26 (1976), 85-6 review of D Liebs Die Klagenkonkurrenz im romischen Recht (Gottingen, 1972): Classical Review 26 (1976), 135-6 review of R.A Bauman Impietas in principem (Munich, 1974): Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 44 (1976), 167-9 1977 Law and Life of Rome: Aspects of Greek and Roman Life (Ithaca, Cornell University Press, and London, Thames and Hudson, 1967): reprinted 1977 review of K.-H Misera Der Bereicherungsgedanke bei der Schenkung unter Ehegatten (Cologne and Vienna, 1974): Journal of Roman Studies 67 (1977), 254 review of Jochen Bleicken Lex publica: Gesetz, und Recht in der romischen Republik (Berlin, 1975): Classical Review 27 (1977), 49-51 review of HJ Mette Das rb'mische ^ivilrecht z,u Beginn des Jahres 46 vor Christus (Heidelberg, 1974): Classical Review 27 (1977), 129 review of Alan Watson (ed.) Daube noster: Essays in Legal History for David Daube (Edinburgh, 1974): Classical Review 27 (1977), 129-30 review of C Nicolet Le metier de citoyen dans la Rome republicaine, (Paris, 1976): Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiednis 45 (1977), 369-71 1978 Law and Life of Rome: Aspects of Greek and Roman Life (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, and London, Thames and Hudson, 1967): reprinted 1978 'Working Notes on Some of the New Pompeii Tablets' ^eitschrift Jur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 29 (1978), 229-39 review of Bengt Thomasson SPQR: senatores procuratoresque Romani nonnulli quorum cursus honorum munerumve post volumina Prosopographiae Imperil Romani edita aut innotuerunt aut melius noti sunt quomodo rei publicae operam dederint breviter illustravit Benedicts Thomae p.p (Goteborg, 1975): Classical Review 28 (1978), 182-3 review of Fergus Millar The Emperor in the Roman World (London, 1977): Classical Review 28 (1978), 315-7 1979 review of M Kaser Uber Verbotsgeset^e und verbotswidrige Geschdfte im romischen Recht (Vienna, 1977): Journal of Roman Studies 69 (1979), 201-2 review of A.A Schiller Roman Law: Mechanisms of Development (The Hague, 1978): Journal of Roman Studies 69 (1979), 236 1980 review of C.P.Jones The Roman world of Dio Chrystostom (Cambridge, Mass., 1978): University of Toronto Quarterly 49 (1980), 400-401 1981 review of E Badian (ed.) Ronald Syme Roman Papers (Oxford, 1979): Classical Review 31 (1981), 136 1983 'P Turner 34' Liverpool Classical Monthly (1983), 13-14 review of H.L.W Nelson Uberlieferung, Aufbau und Stil von Gai Institutiones (Leiden, 1981): Journal of Roman Studies 73 (1983), 212 review of B.W Frier Landlords and Tenants in Ancient Rome (Princeton, 1980): Journal of Roman Studies 73 (1983), 213-4 review of G.E.M de Ste Croix The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World (London, 1981): Classical Review 33 (1983), 71-2 review of Jochen Bleicken ^um Regierungsstil des romischen Kaisers: eine Antwort auf Fergus Millar (Wiesbaden, 1982): Classical Review 33 (1983), 275~6 1984 Law and Life of Rome: Aspects of Greek and Roman Life (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, and London, Thames and Hudson, 1967): reprinted 1984 'Lex Aquilia' Athenaeum 62 (1984), 67-77 'Lex Plaetoria (FIRA no 3)' Athenaeum 62 (1984), 586-95 review of Alan Wardman Religion and Statecraft among the Romans (Baltimore, 1982): Journal of Ecclesiastical History 35 (1984), 143-4 review of Michael Crawford (ed.) Sources for Ancient History (Cambridge, 1983): Antiquity 58 (1984), 149 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 293 ' Si parrel and a Joke in Petronius' in Sodalitas: Scritti in onore di Antonio Guarino vol (Naples, 1984-5), 1353-6 review of K Visky Spuren der Wirtschqftskrise der Kaiserzeit in den romischen Rechtsquellen (Bonn and Budapest, 1983): Classical Review 35 (1985), 141-6 'Lex rivalicia (FIRA I, no 5)' Athenaeum 64 (1986), 45-53 'Women in Roman Succession' in Beryl Rawson (ed.) The Family in Ancient Rome: New Perspectives (London, Groom Helm, and Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1986), 56-82 'Feminine Inadequacy and the senatusconsultum Velleianum in Beryl Rawson (ed.) The Family in Ancient Rome: Mew Perspectives (London, Groom Helm, and Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1986), 83-92 review of A Giovannini Consulare imperium (Basel, 1983): Journal of Roman Studies 76 (1986), 286-8 Obituary of Jean-Bertrand Marie Barrere Eagle 71 (1986), 65~8 'Lex Cornelia de falsis' Athenaeum 65 (1987), 163-71 'Was there a Doctrine of Manifest Guilt in Roman Criminal Law?' Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 33 (1987), 38-52 John Crook, D.E.L Johnston and P.G Stein, Tntertiumjagd and the lex Irnitana: a Colloquium' ^eitschrift fiir Papyrologie und Epigraphik 70 (1987), 173-84 review of Marta Sordi The Christians and the Roman Empire (London, 1986): Journal of Ecclesiastical History 38 (1987), 625-6 review of Max Kaser Romische Rechtsquellen und angewandte Juristenmethode (Vienna, Cologne and Graz, 1986): Journal of Roman Studies 78 (1988), 250-1 Joseph Georg Wolf and John Crook, Rechtsurkunden in Vulgdrlatein aus den Jahren 37-39 n.Chr (Heidelberg, Abhandlungen der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1989) 'A Negative Point about Mark Antony's Will' L'antiquite classique 58 (1989), 221-3 '"His and Hers": What degree of financial responsibility did husband and wife have for the matrimonial home and their life in common, in a Roman marriage?' in Jean Andreau and Hinnerk Bruhns (eds.) Parente et strategies familiales dans I'antiquite romaine: actes de la table ronde des 2-4 octobre 1986 (Paris, Maison des Sciences de I'homme) (Paris, de Boccard, 1990 [= Collection de 1'Ecole francaise de Rome, 129]), 153-72 review of P Birks New Perspectives in the Roman Law of Property: Essays for Barry Nicholas (Oxford, 1989): Classical Review 40 (1990), 331-3 Law and Life of Rome: Aspects of Greek and Roman Life (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, and London, Thames and Hudson, 1967): reprinted 1991 Mogens Herman Hansen, The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes: Structure, Principles and Ideology (translated by John Crook) (Oxford, and Cambridge, MA, Blackwell, 1991) Obituary of John Ferguson (1921-1989) Eagle (1991), 39-41 review of E Champlin Final Judgments: Duty and Emotion in Roman Wills 250 BC AD 250 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1991): Journal of Roman Studies 82 (1992), 232-4 'Once again the controversial and Roman Law' in Kevin Lee, Chris Mackie and Harold Tarrant (eds.) Multarum artium scientia: Festschrift for R Godfrey Tanner (Auckland, Prudentia Supplement, 1993), 68-76 John Crook andJ.D Cloud, 'Cicero pro Vareno: an Exposition and a Riposte' in H.D Jocelyn (ed.) with H Hurt Tria Lustra (Liverpool, 1993 [= Liverpool Classical Papers 3]), 169-80 'Babes, Sucklings, and Hugh Ashton's Tomb' Eagle (1993), 29-32 Obituary of Henry Dickinson Westlake Eagle (1993), 38-9 John Crook, Andrew Lintott and Elizabeth Rawson (eds.), Cambridge Ancient 294 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 JOHN CROOK History IX2: the Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 BC (Cambridge, CUP, 1994) In this volume: John Crook 'The Development of Roman Private Law', 531-63 John Crook, Andrew Lintott and Elizabeth Rawson 'Epilogue', 769-76 review of G Camodeca L'archivio puteolano dei Sulpicii I (Naples, 1992): Journal of Roman Studies 84 (1994), 260-1 review of G.H Guest A Guest at Cambridge: Eagle (1994), 56-9 Legal Advocacy in the Roman World (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, and London, Duckworth, 1995) review of G Crescimarone Ecumene Augustea: una politico per il consenso (Rome, 1993): Journal of Roman Studies 85 (1995), 286-7 review of E Hermann-Otto Ex ancilla natus: Untersuchungen zu den 'hausgeborenen' Sklaven und Sklavinnen im Westen des rb'mischen Kaiserreiches (Stuttgart, 1994): Journal of Roman Studies 85 (1995), 291-2 Alan K Bowman, Edward Champlin, Andrew Lintott (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History X2: the Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69 (Cambridge, CUP, 1996) In this volume: John Crook 'Political History 30 BC-AD 14', 70-112 John Crook 'Augustus: Power, Authority, Achievement', 113-146 M.H Crawford (ed.), Roman Statutes (2 vols., London, 1996 [= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 64]) In volume II: John Crook '41 Lex Aquilia', 723-6 John Crook '42 Lex Sulpicia', 727-8 John Crook '43 Leges de aquis', 729-30 John Crook '44 Lex Plaetoria', 731-2 John Crook and M.H Crawford '47 Lex Cincia', 741-4 John Crook, M.H Crawford and C.H Williamson '63 Lex Quinctia', 793-800 'Legal History and General History' Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 41 (1996), 31-6 review of Karl Galinsky Augustan Culture: an Interpretive Introduction (Princeton, 1996): Journal of Roman Studies 87 (1997), 287-8 review of W.K Lacey Augustus and the Principate: the Evolution of the System (Leeds, 1996): Prudentia 29.1 (1997), 78-81 review of E Metzger A New Outline of TTie Roman Civil Trial (Oxford, 1997) in Cambridge Law Journal 57 (1998), 413-15 John Crook and J Reynolds, 'The Cambridge Greek and Latin Book Club: a Brief Antiphonal Account, with an Appendix' in Christopher Stray (ed.) Classics in 19th and 20th Century Cambridge: Curriculum, Culture and Community (Cambridge, CUP, 1999 [= Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society Supplement 24]), 157-65 John Crook, 'Three Hundred and Six Stakes', in Ulrich Manthe and Christoph Krampe (eds.) Quaestiones luris, Festschrift fiir Joseph Georg Wolf ^um 70 Geburtstag (Berlin, Duncker and Humblot, 2000 [= Freiburger Rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlungen, Neue Folge Band 36]), 77-81 Pernille Flensted-Jensen, Thomas Heine Nielsen and Lene Rubinstein (eds.), Palis and Politics: Studies in Ancient Greek History Presented to Mogens Herman Hansen on his Sixtieth Birthday (Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2000) In this volume: John Crook 'Introductory Flourish', 11-12 INDEX accounts, see rationes Achaea, 54, 57 Achaemenians, 170, 172, 179 Actium, 114 advocacy, 151-65, 181-90 Aeruid, 113-33 aerarium (Satumi), 60 Aesop, 213-29 Africa, 54, 56, 61, 85-6, 95, 104, 106, 131-3 agrimensio, agrimensores, 82, 90-1, 93, 108-9 Agrippa (Marcus Vipsanius) and Agrippa's Map, 85-7, 89, 105 Aiskhines, 155-6, 162-3 Ajax, 113-29 Alesia, 88, 91 Alexander the Great, 93, 99, 177, 187 Alexander Severus, see Severus Alexander Alexandria, 58, 257 Alps, 85, 87, 117 Ambrose of Milan, 94 anakrisis, 152, 154, 156, 160-1 Anaximenes, 153, 159, 161 Anchises, 113-29 Ancyra, 97 Andokides, 151 Antioch, 257, 260, 262-3, 267-9 anti-senate, 191-212 Antonine Itinerary, 87, 92-4, 104-7, 109 Antoninus Pius (emperor 138-61), 250-1, 256 Antony (Marcus Antonius), 123, 242 Aphrodisias, 2, 247-51 Appian, 121-2, 212 Aramaic, 167, 179, 262 arbitrators, 154, 159-61 Arcadius (emperor 395-408), 65 Ardashir (King of Persia), 258-9, 261, 264 Aristotle, 140-1, 153-4, 156-7, 164, 188 arithmetic, 224 Armenia, 82, 259 arms, see weapons Arrian (Flavius Arrianus), 57 Artaxerxes II (King of Persia), 171 Asia, 44, 54, 61, 72, 84, 86, 89, 99, 186, 258, 261 Assyrians, 170, 172-4, 178 Astyages (= Arstivaega?), 173 Atatiirk (Mustafa Kemal), 63 Athens, Athenians, 2, 135-49, 151-65, 181, 186, 213-29 Atticus (Titus Pomponius), 194, 199 auctoritas, 192-3, 196, 208-9, 211 Augustine of Hippo, 73, 97, 99 Augustus (emperor 27 BC-AD 14, in youth called Octavian), 47, 70-1, 89, 105, 114, 128-9, 219, 242, 282-3 Autun, 86, 95, 104 monumental map at, 85 Avesta, 168-72, 174-5, 177-80 Avidius (C Avidius Nigrinus), 57 Baetica, 57, 74 Ballista, 268 bandits, banditry, 63-79 definition of, 73 Basil (of Caesarea), 97 baths, 247-51, 260, 282 Behistun, 168, 170, 173, 178 Berosus, 171, 174 Bhutan, 138 Bithynia-Pontus, 46, 48 Black Sea, 85, 89 Bordeaux Itinerary, 96, 106 Boudicca, 46 Britain, 46, 85, 88, 92-3, 95, 102, 108-9 Brittany, 88 burglars, 72 burial, 168-9, 271-87 Byzantium, 86, 89, 109 Caecina Tuscus (Caius), 58 Caesar (Augustus), see Augustus Caesar (Gaius), 89, 282-3 Caesar (Julius), 81, 84, 88, 91, 102-3, 113-29, 185-7 Caesar (Lucius), 282-3 Caesar (Lucius Julius), 197, 206 Caesar Strabo (Caius Julius), 195—9, 203, 205-8, 210 296 INDEX Caesellius Bassus, 131-3 Caius Caligula (emperor 37-41), 283 Callistus, see Ballista Canon Law, 190 Cambridge, 3-4, 63, 78, 135 Chair of Ancient History, St John's College, 3, 63 Tripos, camels, 224 capitalism, 64 Caracalla (emperor 211-18), 189 Caria, 247-51 Carthage, 104, 131-3, 258 caryatids, 248-50 Cassius Dio, 53-5 Cato (the Censor), 117, 183-5 Catulus (Q Lutatius), 196, 206 Celts, 103 centuriation, 90—1 Chalcedon, 86, 98 children, death and burial of, 271-87 chorography, 81-3, 85, 87, 89, 92, 101 Christians, Christianity, 2, 189, 253-69 Cicero (Marcus Tullius), 31, 33, 100-1, 151, 158, 181-5, 187-8, 193-6, 202, 207, 212, 237-8, 273 Classicianus (Julius), 46 Claudius II (emperor 268-70), 269 Clement of Alexandria, 171 climata (zones of latitude), 83 Cnidian chamber-pot incident, 70—2, 76 Commodus (emperor 180-92), 54, 248 Constantinople, 96 controversiae, 186-8 Corfinium, 119-20 Gotta (Caius), 194, 198, 204-5, 212 courts, 2, 184, 188, 192, 212, 231-46, 255, 281 Athenian, 2, 140, 151-65 Crassus (Lucius Licinius), 193-4, 196, 211-2 Crassus (Publius Licinius), 197, 206 credit, 5-13 Crimean Bosporus, 53 cross-examination, see erotesis cultural translation, 221 curiales, see decurions Curio, 121-3 curse-tablets, 57 cursus publicus, 94, 97-8 Cyaxares (= Uvakshatra? 172-3 Cyrus, 167, 170, 172 = Kaikobad?}, Danube (river), 89, 94, 106, 108 debt, 5-13 Decius (emperor 249-51), 2, 253-69 decurions (town-councillors), 69-71, 75, 271, 275, 278-81, 284, 287 defensores civitatis, 66-7 Deioces (= Dqyaukka? = Dahaka? = Zahhak? = Dahag? = JemshicR], 172, 174, 177-8 Deiocides, 172 demarchy, 144-5 democracy, 2, 135-49 Demosthenes, 148, 155, 157, 159, 162 Denmark, Danes, 135-49 diamarturia, 160 Dido, 131-3 diffiitas, 191-212 dike pseudomarturion, 152-3 Dimensuratio Provinciarum, 86, 105, 107 Dionysius (of Charax), 89, 108 Dionysius (Periegetes), 84-5, 101, 107 direct democracy, five pillars of, 140-3 Divisio Orbis Terrarum, 86, 105, 107 Domitian (emperor 81-96), 90, 108 Drusus (Marcus Livius, the Younger), 192-4, 196, 198, 201, 204, 207-8 Drusus (son of Emperor Tiberius), 280 ducenarii, 59, 268-9 Dura Europos, 85, 91, 95, 106, 268 Ecbatana, 171, 177-8 Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae, 96-9 Egypt, 44, 58-9, 62, 96-7 Electronic Second Chamber, 146-7 enforceability, 63-5 Epaminondas, Epictetus, 70, 74, 78 epigraphy, 247-51 Epimachus (emperor's procurator), 47 equestrians, 44~62, 69, 191-212 equestris iuventus, 193 equites iuniores, 193 erotesis, 151-65 Ethiopia, 82, 90, 99-100, 108 Etruria, 88 Europe, 84, 89 European Union, 190 fables, 213-29 familia Caesaris, 44, 47, 60, 77 INDEX Festus (procurator, governor of Judaea), 52 Finley (Moses), Firdousi, 171, 178 fiscus, 45, 60-1 France, see Gaul fraud, 11-13 Freiburg im Breisgau, 1-2 frontiers, 82, 91, 104, 106-10 Frontinus (Sextus Julius), 108-9 funus acerbum, 271-87 Gaius (jurist), 13 Gallienus (emperor 263-68), 269 gangs, 199, 206 see also street-fighting Garamantes, 90, 106 Gathas, 168, 178 Gaul, 87-9, 95, 113-29 geography, 81-113 Gergovia, 88 Germans, 103 Germanus, 115, 127 Germany, 54, 95, 107-8 globalization, 190 gnomonics, see agrimensio Gordian III (emperor 238-44), 73, 259-60 governors (of Roman provinces), 43-62, 84, 189, 259-60 Gracchus (Caius Sempronius), 192, 198 Greek composition, 3, 213 Greek law, 151-65 Greek legal principles compared with Roman, rewards for goats killed, 64 Gregory of Nazianzus, 98 Hades, 2, 116, 271-87 Hadrian (emperor 117-38), 56, 74, 189, 248, 256 Hadrian's Baths (Aphrodisias), 247-51 Hadrian's Baths (Antioch), 260 Hadrian's Wall, 95, 107 Hannibal, 87, 124-5 haoma plant, 176 Hector, 113-29 Helvius Agrippa (proconsul of Sardinia), 55 Hercules, 123-4 Hereford, mappamundi of, 85 Herodotus, 2, 167-80, 187 297 hodological space, 102 Honorius (emperor 395-423), 65 honour, in Mediterranean societies, 76 Hopkins (Keith), Horace, 128-9, 239-44 Hormizd I (King of Persia), 263, 272-4 horses, 74-77 Hypereides, 156 Idaios, 113-6, 118, 123 ideology, 63-79 idiologus, 58 Iliad, 113-29, 240 Illyricum, 120 imperialism, 82 inheritance stories, 213-29 India, 96, 99 Iran, Iranians, 167-80, 258-69 Ireland, 102 Irni, 16-7, 24, 28, 40 Isaios, 152, 155-7, 159, 162-4 Isauria, 65 Isidore of Seville, 83, 103 Isidore Map, 89, 103 Islam, 63 Italy, 69, 75-7, 81, 84-5, 89-90, 95, 104, 117, 138, 191-212, 231-46, 271-87 itineraries, 81-113 Jerome, 97-8 Jerusalem, 96, 98, 256 Jews, 254, 256, 262, 265 Julian (emperor 361-3), 109 jurisconsults, 183 jurisprudence, 182-4, 188 Athenian, non-existence of, Pontifikaljurisprudenz, 15 jurists, 9, 11-13, 16, 189 jurors, 140, 143 Kartir (also spelt Karder, Kirder], 179, 261-7 Kemalists, 63 Khusrow I (king of Persia), 180 Kleisthenes, 140, 148 knights, Roman, see equestrians Latin language, legates assistant (legati Augusti), 50, 55, 62 lundici, 48-9, 58, 61 298 INDEX legati Augusti pro praetore, 44, 46-8, 54, 57-8 legionis, 51, 55, 61 of proconsuls (= paredroi), 44, 54-6 legions III Cyrenaica, 59 XXII Deiotariana, 59 lemures, 273 lictors, 48 Livy (Titus Livius), 87-8, 125, 185, 187 logography, logographers, 151-65 London, 91 lottery, see sortition Lycormas (freedman of emperor), 53 Lysias, 155, 157, 159, 162-4, 185 Macrianus, 267-8 Maecenas, 239, 241-2, 244 magic, 65 Mani, Manichaeans, 262 mansions (inns), 83, 94, 96-8, 103 mappaemundi, 83, 85, 87, 104 maps, 2, 81-112 Marinus of Tyre, 91-2 Marius (Caius), 191, 194, 198, 201-2, 206-8, 210-12 Marxism, 64 Medes, 167-80, 253-69 Meletos, 152, 154-5, 164-5 Mesopotamia, 144, 146, 259 Milan, 87, 96 minipopulus, 144, 146, 148 Miinzerian clusters, 209 mutationes (post-stations), 83, 94, 96 Naqsh-i-Rustam, 261, 263 Nero (emperor 54-68), 46, 108, 131-3 New England, 138, 144 Nicaea, 47, 60 Nimes, 95, 98 Notitia Dignitatum, 91 Numa (king of Rome), 274 Numidia, Numidians, 106, 131 oaths, 29-32, 36-7, 40-1 Odaenathus, 268-9 oikumene, inhabited world, 83-4 Ollie the Olivetti, 135 opinion polls, 144, 146 Osrhoene, 259 Ovid, 245-6 Oxford Balliol College, Pahlavi, 169, 171, 174-6, 178-80 palatine officials, see familia Caesaris Palmyra, 268-9 Pannonia, 260 Paphlagonia, 52 Papinian, 189 papyri, 231-46, 259-60 Parsees, see ^proastrians Parthia, Parthians, 89, 108, 179, 258 paterfamilias, 5, 43, 227 Paul, apostle, 96 Paul, jurist, Paul of Samosata, 268-9 Pausanias, 96 peculium, 5-13 Perikles, 154 periploi, 89, 93-4, 104 persecution, against Christians, 2, 253-69 Persian Gulf, 86 Persia, Persians, 99, 167-80, 253-69 Persian language (old), 167, 175 Persian language (middle), see Pahlavi Persian language (modern), 170 Peutinger Table, 82-3, 87, 91, 93-6, 100-6, 109 Phaedrus, 213-29 Pharsalus, 116, 126 Philip the Arab (emperor 244-9), 257, 259-60 Philippi, 116, 126 philosophy, 181-90 Phraortes (= Feridun? = Fravartish?), 171-3 Piacenza, 95 Itinerary of, 98, 106 pictures, painted, 238-9 pilgrims, pilgrimage, 96-9 Plato, Platonic, 127, 140, 152, 154, 164-5, 181, 188 Pliny the Elder (Caius Plinius Secundus), 82, 84, 86, 89, 100-6 Pliny the Younger (Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus), 46-8, 50-3, 60 Plutocracy, planet, 227 pneuma (rational material of the universal consciousness), 182-3 poetential subversion, 219 police abolished in Eastern Roman Empire, 74 unable to stop delinquent cyclists in Cambridge, 63, 78 INDEX Polybius, 84-5, 87, 102 Pompeii, 231-46 Pompeian tablets, 2, 231-46 Pompeius Rufus (Quintus), 194-5, 202-11 Pompeius Strabo (Cnaeus) 195, 202, 209 Pompey (Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus), 113-29, 186 Pomponius (Sextus), jurist, 8-9 pontifex maximus, 221-12, 274, 280 portolans, 93 postponements, 15-41 prefects iure dicundo, 232 praesidial, 44, 58, 62, 259 praetorian, 74, 259 Priscus (Julius), 259-60 proconsuls, 44-6, 48-51, 54-7, 61-2, 70 procurators equestrian financial officials, 45-6, 59-61, 248-9, 268-9 officials in familia Caesaris, 47, 60 of senators, 76 praesidial, 44, 52, 62 Provence, 88 provinces, 43-62 pseudomarturia, see dike pseudomarturion Ptolemy, geographer, 82, 84, 90-3, 101, 103-4, 107 Puteoli, 2, 231-4, 271-87 quaestors, 44, 56, 61 Quintilian, 100, 184-5, 187-8 rationes, accounts, 8-10 Ravenna, 81, 91 Cosmography of, 85, 106 Reading, University of, 3-4 Red Sea, 86 referendums, 138, 145-7 rhetoric, 181-90 Rhine, 108-9 Romagna, 91 Roman law in general history, as intellectual phenomenon, legal prescription and social reality, 2, 63-80 legal principles, limited liability in, 5-13 municipal, 15-41, 271-87 procedural, 2, 15-41, 231-46 299 questions unable to be hived off from construal of life, 214 significance in its own age, of slavery, 5-13, 15 sources for, as source for Roman history, 63 as topic in history of ideas, in treatments of social and economic history, Latin terms: actio depensi, 235 actio depositi, 6-7 actio ex empto, 234 actio iudicati, 235 actiones, 151 adsessores, 49 antestatio, 242 caput, 211 comites, 49 comitia, 184, 188, 208 centuriata, 192 camperendinatio, 33 consilium, 43-62 principis, 43 publicum, 192 conventus, 62 crimen maiestatis, 37 denuntiatio, 24 diem diffindere, 15-41 dolus, 11, 72 formulae, 189 heres fiduciaria, 222 honestiores, 75-7 humiliores, 75-7 imperium, 48-51, 61-2 in ins vocatio, 17, 234-5, 237-8, 241, 243 intertium, 16-17, 23-6, 29, 33, 37-8 index, 6, 16, 22, 27, 29-31, 34, 36-41, 189 index quaestionis, 206 iuridicus, 49, 58, 61-2 iuris consultus abesto, 214 iurisdictio, 17 ius civile, 189 ius gentium, 182, 188 latrocinium (and see bandits, banditry), 73 mancipatio, 15-16 mandata, 45 manus iniectio, 234, 242 mens rea, see dolus praeiudicium, 211 praetor urbanus, 188, 209, 241 300 pro consule, 191 pro praetore, 191 pro quaestore, 191 pro senatu, 191, 210 Quaestio Variana, 197, 199 quaestiones perpetuae, 184, 188 relegatio, 76~7 responsa, 189 scelus, 77 senatus consulta, 188 stipulatio, 234 testatio sistendi, 237 usurpatio, 75, 77 vadimonium, 17, 232-46, 284 Roman statutes: Twelve Tables, 15-16, 33, 35-6, 72, 241, 243 Praetor's Edict(s), 188-9 /egfcn Leges annales, 205 Z^x: Irnitana, 15-41 Lex Mia de civitate, 197 Lex lulia de iudiciis privatis, 6, 23, 31-2, 38-9 Lex Mia de vi, 46, 68, 70-1, 75, 78 Lex Licinia Mucia, 204 Lex Plautia, 192, 198, 207 Lex Repetundarum, 192-3 Lex Sewilia, 192 Lex Ursonensis, 40, 72 Lex Varia, 192, 194, 198-9, 201, 204-6 imperial laws: Constitutio Antoniniana, 189, 255-6, 258 Decius' edict against Christianity, 253-69 edictum perpetuum, Gallienus' toleration rescript, 269 Justinian Code, 189 1.55.6 (= CTh 1.29.8), 66 III.27.1, 77 IX 16.2-3, 74 Theodosian Code 1.29.8 (= CJ 1.55.6), 66 VII 18.7, 65 VII 18.10, 65 IX.29.1, 65 IX.21.2, 65 IX.30.1-5, 68, 74 IX.30.2, 75 IX.30.5, 66, 68 XII 14.1, 74 INDEX Valerian's edict against Christianity, 267-8 romanization, 69 Rubicon, 81, 91 rustling, see horses sacrifice, 253-4, 257-8, 263, 265-7 Sardinia, 55 Sargon II, 174 saltuarii, 70 Sassanids (also Sasanians), 258-69 Scaevola the Augur, 183-4, 211-12 Seleucids, 179 Senate, Roman, 2, 57, 120-3, 184-5, 191-212, 248, 283 senators, 43-62 anti-senate, 191-212 Septimius Severus (emperor 193-211), 109 Servius, 114, 118, 120, 123, 277-8, 280 Severus Alexander (emperor 222-35), 189, 258 sex, 64 Shahname, 171-2, 178 Shapur (king of Persia), 259, 261-4, 267-8 sharia, 63 shepherds, 76~7 Siam, see Thailand Sicily, 188 slaves, slavery, 5-13, 15, 44, 70, 95, 136, 139-40, 200, 210-11, 219, 274 Sokrates, 152, 154-5, 164-5 soma, see haoma plant sortition, 141, 144, 147 Spain, 15-41, 74, 95-6, 120-1 speech-writers, see logographers Statius, 122 Stoics, Stoicism, 181-4, 188 Strabo, 84, 88, 102-3, 107 street-fighting, 193, 195, 199, 206, 210 Styx, 272-3 suasoriae, 186-8 Suetonius Paullinus, 46 Suetonius Tranquillus, 81 suicide, 183 Sufism, 224 Sulla (Lucius Cornelius), 191, 195, 202-3, 205-12 Sulpicii, 231, 233-5 Sulpicius Rufus (Publius), 191-9, 201-12 sunegoroi, 158-9, 162 INDEX sunset, 33-6 supplicatio, 266-7 surveys, surveyors, see agrimensio swineherds, 68, 77 Switzerland, Swiss, 138, 144 Swiss Civil Code, 63 Syme (Ronald), 124, 128 Tacitus (Cornelius), 46, 54, 84, 131-3 Tansar, 179, 264, 266-7 Tarraconensis, 57 Tarsus, 96-7, 262 Thailand, 110 Thebes, 3, 123 Theodosius I (emperor 378-95), 65, 73, 96 Theodosius II (emperor 408-50), 85, 87 Thomas (Richard), 128-9 Thucydides, 187 Tiberius (emperor 14-37), 108-9, 213, 218, 280, 282-3 Tocqueville (Alexis de), 135-6 town-councillors, see decurions Trajan (emperor 98-117), 46-8, 52, 57, 76 Trajan's Column, 100 triangular triplications, 217 tribuni militum, 59 tribuni plebis, 191-7, 199-202, 205-6, 209, 211-12 Troglodytes, 89, 106 Turkey, 63 Ulpian (Domitius Ulpianus), 8, 11-12, 189, 254, 260 undertakers, 271-87 United States of America Constitution, 139 Declaration of Independence, 139 as democratic state, 136, 138 Ursinus, 113, 117 301 Vaballathus, 269 Vahram I (king of Persia 274-6), 262-3 Vahram II (king of Persia 276~93), 261, 263 Valens (emperor 364-78), 65 Valentinian (emperor 364-75), 65 Valerian (emperor 253-60), 2, 253-6 Varius (Quintus), 198-201, 203-4, 207 Vedas, Vedic tradition, 174-5, 180 Vegetius, 93, 101, 103 Velleius Paterculus, 108-9, 121 Vendidad, 168-70, 176 Vergil (also spelt Virgil), 2, 83, 104, 113-33, 187, 242, 272, 277-8 Vespasian (emperor 69-79), 57 vigintiviri, 56 violence violent crime, 63-80 state's monopoly of, 72 Virdius Gemellinus, procurator Augusti, 47, 52 Vitruvius, 82, 84 weapons, 68-71, 78, 191 Weber (Max), wills, 213-29 equality in, 222~5 witnesses, 2, 151-65 women, 2, 213-29, 247-51 equated to real estate, 227 Wormwood Scrubs, 186 Xenophon, 154-5, 178, 188 Tashts, 168, 170-1, 174, 180 Zarathustra, 168, 170, 178, 263-8 Zenobia, 269 Zoroastrians, Zoroastrianism, 168-70, 177, 179, 261-8 This page intentionally left blank SUPPLEMENTS TO MNEMOSYNE EDITED BY H PINKSTER, H.S VERSNEL, D.M SCHENKEVELD, P H SCHRIJVERS AND S.R SLINGS Recent volumes in the series 149 VINOGRADOV, J.G.& S.D KRYZICKIJ (eds.) Olbia Eine altgriechische Stadt im Nordwestlichen Schwarzmeerraum 1995 ISBN 90 04 09677 150 MAURER, K Interpolation in Thucydides 1995 ISBN 90 04 10300 151 HORSFALL, N (ed.) A Companion to the Study of Virgil 1995 ISBN 90 04 09559 152 KNIGHT, V.H The Renewal of Epic Responses to Homer in the Argonautica of Apollonius 1995 ISBN 90 04 10386 153 LUSCHNIG, C.A.E The Gorgon's Severed Head Studies of Alcestis, Electra, and Phoenissae 1995 ISBN 90 04 10382 154 NAVARRO ANTOLIN, F (ed.) Lygdamus Corpus Tibullianum III 1-6: Lygdami elegiarum liber Translated by JJ Zoltowski 1996 ISBN 90 04 10210 155 MATTHEWS, V.J Antimachus of Colophon Text and Commentary 1996 ISBN 90 04 10468 156 TREISTER, M.Y The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History 1996 ISBN 90 04 10473 157 WORTHINGTON, I (ed.) Voice into Text Orality and Literacy in Ancient Greece 1996 ISBN 90 04 10431 158 WIJSMAN, H.J.W Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, Book V A Commentary 1996 ISBN 90 04 10506 159 SCHMELING, G (ed.) The Novel in the Ancient World 1996 ISBN 90 04 09630 160 SICKING, C.M.J & P STORK Two Studies in the Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek 1996 ISBN 90 04 10460 161 KOVACS, D Eunpidea Altera 1996 ISBN 90 04 10624 162 GERA, D Warrior Women The Anonymous Tractatus De Mulieribus 1997 ISBN 90 04 10665 163 MORRIS, I & B POWELL (eds.) A New Companion to Homer 1997 ISBN 90 04 09989 164 ORLIN, E.M Temples, Religion and Politics in the Roman Republic 1997.ISBN 90 04 10708 165 ALBRECHT, M VON A History of Roman Literature From Livius Andronicus to Boethius with Special Regard to Its Influence on World Literature Vols.Revised by G.Schmeling and by the Author Vol 1: Translated with the Assistance of F and K Newman, Vol 2: Translated with the Assitance of R.R Caston and F.R Schwartz 1997 ISBN 90 04 10709 (Vol 1), ISBN 90 04 10711 (Vol 2), ISBN 90 04 10712 (Set) 166 DIJK, J.G.M VAN A wot, Aoyot, MuGoi Fables in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greek Literature With a Study of the Theory and Terminology of the Genre 1997 ISBN 90 04 10747 167 MAEHLER, H (Hrsg.) Die Lieder des Bakchylides Zweiter Teil: Die Dithyramben und Fragmente Text, Ubersetzung und Kommentar 1997 ISBN 90 04 10671 168 DIETS, M & G.A KENNEDY (eds.) Two Greek Rhetorical Treatises from the Roman Empire Introduction, Text, and Translation of the Arts of Rhetoric Attributed to Anonymous Seguerianus and to Apsines of Gadara 1997 ISBN 90 04 10728 169 GUNTHER, H.-C Quaestiones Propertianae 1997 ISBN 90 04 10793 170 HEINZE, T (Hrsg.) P Ovidius Naso Der XII Heroidenbrief: Medea an Jason Einleitung, Text und Kommentar Mit einer Beilage: Die Fragmente der Tragodie Medea 1997 ISBN 90 04 10800 171 BARKER, E.J (ed.) Grammar as Interpretation Greek Literature in its Linguistic Contexts 1997 ISBN 90 04 107304 172 GRAINGER, J.D A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer 1997 ISBN 90 04 10799 173 GERBER, D.E (ed.) A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets 1997 ISBN 90 04 09944 174 SANDY, G The Greek World ofApuleius Apuleius and the Second Sophistic 1997 ISBN 90 04 10821 175 ROSSUM-STEENBEEK, M VAN Greek Readers' Digests? Studies on a Selection of Subliterary Papyri 1998 ISBN 90 04 10953 176 McMAHON, J.M Paralysin Cave Impotence, Perception, and Text in the Satyrica of Petronius 1998 ISBN 90 04 10825 177 ISAAC, B The Near East under Roman Rule Selected Papers 1998 ISBN 90 04 10736 178 KEEN, A.G Dynastic Lycia A Political History of the Lycians and Their Relations with Foreign Powers, c 545-362 B.C 1998 ISBN 90 04 10956 179 GEORGIADOU, A & D.H.J LARMOUR Lucian's Science Fiction Novel True Histories Interpretation and Commentary 1998 ISBN 90 04 10667 180 GUNTHER, H.-C Ein neuer metrischer Traktat und das Studium der pindarischen Metrik in der Philologie der Palaologenzeit 1998 ISBN 90 04 11008 181 HUNT, TJ A Textual History of Cicero's Academici Libri 1998 ISBN 90 04 10970 182 HAMEL, D Athenian Generals Military Authority in the Classical Period 1998 ISBN 90 04 10900 183 WHITBY, M (ed.) The Propaganda of Power The Role of Panegyric in Late Antiquity 1998 ISBN 90 04 10571 184 SCHRIER, OJ The Poetics of Aristotle and the Tractatus Coislinianus A Bibliography from about 900 till 1996 1998 ISBN 90 04 11132 185 SICKING, C.MJ Distant Companions Selected Papers 1998 ISBN 90 04 11054 186 P.H SCHRIJVERS Lucrece et les Sciences de la Vie 1999 ISBN 90 04 10230 187 BILLERBECK M (Hrsg.) Seneca Hercules Furens Einleitung, Text, Ubersetzung und Kommentar 1999 ISBN 90 04 11245 188 MACKAY, E.A (ed.) Signs of Orality The Oral Tradition and Its Influence in the Greek and Roman World 1999 ISBN 90 04 11273 189 ALBRECHT, M VON Roman Epic An Interpretative Introduction 1999 ISBN 90 04 11292 190 HOUT, M.PJ VAN DEN A Commentary on the Letters of M Cornelius Pronto 1999 ISBN 90 04 10957 191 KRAUS, C SHUTTLEWORTH (ed.) The Limits of Historiography Genre and Narrative in Ancient Historical Texts 1999 ISBN 90 04 10670 192 LOMAS, K & T CORNELL Cities and Urbanisation in Ancient Italy ISBN 90 04 10808 In preparation 193 TSETSKHLADZE, G.R (ed) History of Greek Colonisation and Settlement Overseas vols ISBN 90 04 09843 In preparation 194 WOOD, S.E Imperial Women A Study in Public Images, 40 B.C.-A.D 68 1999 ISBN 90 04 11281 195 OPHUIJSEN, J.M VAN & P STORK Linguistics into Interpretation Speeches of War in Herodotus VII & 8-18 1999 ISBN 90 04 11455 196 TSETSKHLADZE, G.R (ed.) Ancient Greeks West and East 1999 ISBN 90 04 11190 197 PFEIJFFER, I.L Three Aeginetan Odes of Pindar A Commentary on Nemean V, Nemean III, & Pythian VIII 1999 ISBN 90 04 11381 198 HORSFALL, N Virgil, Aeneid A Commentary 2000 ISBN 90 04 10842 199 IRBY-MASSIE, G.L Military Religion in Roman Britain 1999 ISBN 90 04 10848 200 GRAINGER, J.D The League of the Aitolians 1999 ISBN 90 04 10911 201 ADRADOS, F.R History of the Graeco-Roman Fable I: Introduction and from the Origins to the Hellenistic Age Translated by LA Ray Revised and Updated by the Au-thor and Gert-Jan van Dijk 1999 ISBN 90 04 11454 202 GRAINGEr, J.D Aitolian Prosopographical Studies 2000 ISBN 90 04 11350 203 SOLOMON, J Ptolemy Harmonics Translation and Commentary 2000 ISBN 90 04 115919 204 WIJSMAN, H.J.W Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, Book VI A Commentary 2000 ISBN 90 04 11718 205 MADER, G Josephus and the Politics of Historiography Apologetic and Impression Management in the Bellum Judaicum 2000 ISBN 90 04 11446 206 NAUTA, R.R Poetry for Patrons Literary Communication in the Age of Domitian 2001 ISBN 90 04 10885 207 ADRADOS, F.R History of the Graeco-Roman Fable II: The Fable during the Roman Empire and in the Middle Ages Translated by L.A Ray Revised and Updated by the Author and Gert-Jan van Dijk 2000 ISBN 90 04 11583 208 JAMES, A & K LEE A Commentary on Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica V 2000 ISBN 90 04 11594 209 DERDERIAN, K Leaving Words to Remember Greek Mourning and the Advent of Literacy 2001 ISBN 90 04 11750 210 SHORROCK, R The Challenge of Epic Allusive Engagement in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus 2001 ISBN 90 04 11795 211 SCHEIDEL, W (ed.) Debating Roman Demography 2001 ISBN 90 04 11525 212 KEULEN, A.J L Annaeus Seneca Troades Introduction, Text and Commentary 2001 ISBN 90 04 12004 213 MORTON, J The Role of the Physical Environment in Ancient Greek Seafaring 2001 ISBN 90 04 11717 214 GRAHAM, A.J Collected Papers on Greek Colonization 2001 ISBN 90 04 11634 215 GROSSARDT, P Die Erzahlung von Meleagros Zur literarischen Entwicklung der kalydonischen Kultlegende 2001 ISBN 90 04 11952 216 ZAFIROPOULOS, C.A Ethics in Aesop's Fables: The Augustana Collection 2001 ISBN 90 04 11867 217 RENGAKOS, A & T.D Papanghelis (eds.) A Companion to Apollonius Rhodius 2001 ISBN 90 04 11752 218 WATSON, J Speaking Volumes Orality and Literacy in the Greek and Roman World 2001 ISBN 90 04 12049 219 MACLEOD, L Dolos and Dike in Sophokles' Elektra 2001 ISBN 90 04 11898 220 MCKINLEY, K.L Reading the Ovidian Heroine "Metamorphoses" Commentaries 1100-1618 2001 ISBN 90 04 11796 221 REESON, J Ovid Heroides 11, 13 and 14 A Commentary 2001 ISBN 90 04 12140 222 FRIED, M.N & S UNGURU Apollonius of Perga's Cornea: Text, Context, Subtext 2001 ISBN 90 04 11977 223 LIVINGSTONE, N A Commentary on Isocrates' Busiris 2001 ISBN 90 04 12143 224 LEVENE, D.S & D.P NELIS (eds.) Clio and the Poets Augustan Poetry and the Traditions of Ancient Historiography 2002 ISBN 90 04 11782 225 WOOTEN, C.W The Orator in Action and Theory m Greece and Rome 2001 ISBN 90 04 12213 226 GALAN VIOQUE, G Martial, Book VII A Commentary 2001 ISBN 90 04 12338 227 LEFEVRE, E Die Unfahigkeit, sich z.u erkennen: Sophokles' Tragodien 2001 ISBN 90 04 12322 228 SCHEIDE1, W Death on the Mle Disease and the Demography of Roman Egypt 2001 ISBN 9004 12323 229 SPANOUDAKIS, K Philitas of Cos 2002 ISBN 90 04 12428 230 WORTHINGTON, I & J.M FOLEY (eds.) Epea and Gmmmata Oral and written Communication in Ancient Greece 2002 ISBN 90 04 12455 231 MCKECHNIE, P (ed.) Thinking like a Lawyer Essays on Legal History and General History for John Crook on his Eightieth Birthday 2002 ISBN 90 04 12474 232 GIBSON, R.K & C SHUTTLEWORTH KRAUS (eds.) The Classical Commentary History, Practices, Theory 2002 ISBN 90 04 12153