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Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng BI N LU N CễNG TH C V CHU I PH N ( P N BI T P T LUY N) NG Giỏo viờn: V KH C NG C Cỏc bi t p ti li u ny c biờn so n kốm theo cỏc bi gi ng Bi n lu n cụng th c v chu i ph n ng thu c Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN-M : Mụn Húa h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) t i website Hocmai.vn giỳp cỏc B n ki m tra, c ng c l i cỏc ki n th c c giỏo viờn truy n t bi gi ng t ng ng s d ng hi u qu , B n c n h c tr c bi g i ng Bi n lu n cụng th c v chu i ph n ngsau ú lm y cỏc bi t p ti li u ny BI N LU N CễNG TH C C U T O Cõu : X tỏc d ng v i Na X cú ch a nhúm OH X tỏc d ng v i dung d ch AgNO /NH3 X ch a nhúm CHO T cụng th c phõn t c a X X l HO CH2 CHO ỏp ỏn: C Cõu : Buta-1,3-ien: CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 l s n ph m nh t c a ph n ng hirat húa (tỏch n c) X l ancol no cú nhúm OH v trớ cacbon s v s Vỡ cỏc v trớ ny nhúm OH ch cú th tỏch cựng H c a m t nguyờn t cacbon bờn c nh t o s n ph m nh t ỏp ỏn: C Cõu : Monoxicloankan X cú cụng th c chung l Cn H2n (n3), MX = 56 = 14n n = X lm m t mu dung d ch n c brom X l metylxiclopropan t o t i a d n xu t monoclo ỏp ỏn: C Cõu : X cú cụng th c phõn t C3 H6 O3 b t bóo hũa k =1, tỏc d ng v i NaOH X cú nhúm COOR.(1) Khi un núng X v i dung d ch NaOH d thu c s n ph m h u c Y v Z ú Y hũa tan c Cu(OH)2 Y ph i l ancol cú ớt nh t nhúm -OH k Y cú ớt nh t nguyờn t cacbon (2) T (1) v (2) X cú c u t o thu g n l HCOOCH2 -CH2 OH X tham gia ph n ng b c (HCOOR); X tỏc d ng c v i Na v dung d ch HCl X cú nhúm OH ớnh v i nguyờn t cacbon no ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 5: X tỏc d ng c v i NaHCO => X cú nhúm COOH X tỏc d ng v i AgNO t o Ag => X cú nhúm CHO =>K t h p c hai i u ki n trờn => X ; HOOC-CHO => C2 H2 O3 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 6: T d ki n nX3 + nX4 Nilon-6,6 + nH2 O xt ,t o -(OC-(CH2 )4 -CO-NH-(CH2 )6 -NH)- n + 2H2O => nHOOC(CH2 )4 COOH + nNH2 -(CH2 )6-NH2 T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng => X3 l khụng cú Nito nờn => X3 l HOOC(CH2 )4 COOH Ch t X l :CH3 CH2 OOC(CH2 )4 COOH CH3 CH2 OOC(CH2 )4COOH + 2NaOH NaOOC-(CH2 )4-COONa + C2 H5OH + H2 O X1 : NaOOC-(CH2 )4-COONa + H2 SO4 HOOC(CH2 )4 COOH + Na2SO4 X3 : HOOC(CH2 )4 COOH + 2C2 H5OH C2 H5OOC-(CH2 )4 -COOC2 H5 ỏp ỏn: D Cõu7: Ch t X ph n ng v i Na thu c s mol H2 = S mol X => X cú nhúm OH M ch t X ph n ng v i NaOH theo t l mol :1 => X cú nhúm OH ỡnh vo vũng benzen C7 H5O2 Br2 + 3HBr =>m-OH-CH2-C6 H4-OH + 3Br2 ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 8: S mol Ag = 0,3 mol > 2nX => Anờhi B1 l HCHO ho c l Anờhit hai ch c Ta nhỡn ỏp ỏn c ng cú th oỏn uc ancol l CH3 OH v C2 H4 (OH)2 Ph ng trỡnh minh h a CH3 COONa + CH3 OH CH3 COOCH3 + NaOH HCHO + Cu + H2 O CH3 OH + CuO (NH4 )2 CO3 + 4Ag + 4NH4 NO3 HCHO + 4AgNO /NH3 HOCH2 -CH2OH + 2CH3 COONa CH3 COOCH2-CH2OOCCH3 + 2NaOH OHC-CHO + 2Cu + H2 O HOCH2 -CH2OH + 2CuO NH4 OOC-COONH4 + 4Ag + 4NH4 NO3 OHC-CHO + 2AgNO /NH3 ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 9: Ch t X ph n ng v i Na thu c s mol H2 = S mol X => X cú nhúm OH M ch t X ph n ng v i NaOH theo t l mol :1 => X cú nhúm OH ỡnh vo vũng benzen A CH3 -C6 H3 (OH)2 B HO-C6 H4 -COOCH3 C HO-CH2 -C6 H4-OH Sai vỡ cú nhúm OH ớnh vo vũng benzen Sai vỡ cú nhúm -OH ỳng Sai vỡ cú nhúm COOH v nhúm OH nờn tỏc d ng v i D HO-C6 H4-COOH NaOH theo t l : ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 10: Vỡ giỏ tr c a y l nh nh t nờn Cx Hy O2 cú hai O => ta xột nú cú hai ch =>OHC-CH=CH-CHO => C4 H4O2 => Cụng th t ng quỏt l Cx H2x-4 O2 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 11: S mol Ag = 4nX => Ch t X cú nhúm CHO S mol CO g p l n s mol X => X cú Cacbon mol X ph n ng v i mol Br2 2-COOH + 2HBr 2-CHO + 2Br2 + H2 O 2 T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 2 mol - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng =>X l h p ch t no hai ch c cú cụng th c l: OHC-CH2 -CH2-CHO ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 12: Vinylaxetat : CH3 COOCH=CH2 CH3 COOCH=CH2 + Br2 CH3 COOCHBr-CH2 Br CH3 COOCHBr-CH2 Br + 3NaOH CH3 COONa + OHC-CH2 OH + 2Br2 + H2 O ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 13 : nhi t phũng => X cú hai nhúm OH li n k Ch t X ph n ng v i Cu(OH)2 X ph n ng v i Cu thu c ch t Y theo t l mol :1 Ch t Y ph n ng v i Ag2 un núng thỡ Ag mol Y thu c mol Ag => ch t Y cú nhúm CHO v y nhúm OH t o thnh xeton Cụng th c phự h p c a X l : CH3 -C(CH3 )OH-CH2 OH : metylpropan-1,2-iol ỏp ỏn : C Cõu 14: Ch t X l: HCOOCH2 -CH2OH HCOONa + HO-CH2-CH2OH HCOOCH2-CH2OH + NaOH ph n ng HO-CH2-CH2OH + Cu(OH)2 X l h p h p ch t t p ch c ch khụng ph i a ch c X cú nhú HCOO nờn ph n ng b c X cú nhúm OH nờn ph n ng c v i Na X l este nờn ph n ng c v i dung d ch HCl ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 15: KMnO4 H 2O ,t C6 H5CH2 COOH Stiren: C6 H5 -CH=CH2 o KMnO4 H 2O ,t HOCH2 -CH2 OH Etilen: CH2 =CH2 C6 H5CH2 COOCH2 -CH2 -OOCCH2 C6 H5 + H2O 2C6 H5 CH2 COOH + HOCH2 -CH2 OH o Cụng th c phõn t c a Z l C16 H14 O4 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 16: X cú lm m t my dung d ch Br2 => X cú liờn k t pi X ph n ng v i Na t o H2 t l l: nx = 2nH2 => X cú nhúm OH ho c COOH Oxi húa X b ng Cu thu c CuO => Ch t Y a ch c => ch t X cú ch a nhúm OH =>Cụng th c c u t o c a X l HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO ỏp ỏn; C Cõu 17: MX = 4,625*16= 74 Khớ i X s mol H2 O = nX => X cú 2H V s mol CO = 2nX => X cú C X ph n ng X ph n ng c v i NaOH ,Na=> Cú nhúm COOH c v i AgNO /NH3 => X cú nhúm CHO T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng =>Cụng th c c u t o c a X l HOOC-CHO ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 18: S mol Ag = 0,2 mol m s mol AgNO ph n ng = 0,3 mol => X cú ch a liờn k t ba 6,8 MX = 68 0,1 =>Ch t X l HC C-CH2 -CHO HC C-CH2 -CHO + 3AgNO AgC C-CH2-COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH4 NO3 Ch t X cú tờn l but-3- innal ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 19: S mol nX = 0,15 mol RCOONa + ROH RCOOR + NaOH 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 mol S mol nNaOH d = 0,2 0,15 = 0,05 mol => mNaOH = 0,05*40 = gam Kh i l ng mu i l : mRCOONa = 16,1 = 14,1 14,1 MRCOONa = 94 => CH2 =CH-COONa => Cụng th c c a este l CH2 =CH-COOCH3 0,15 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 20: Ch t X v Y cú M = 74 X tỏc d ng c v i Na => cú th cú nhúm OH ho c COOH nh ng X ph n ng c v i NaOH => X cú nhúm COOH X v Y u ph n ng v i NaOH v AgNO /NH3 => X, Y cú nhúm CHO =>Cụng th c c u t o c a X, Y l OHC-COOH v HCOOC H5 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 21: Ch t A ph n ng c v i NaHCO => Ch t A cú nhúm COOH Ch t A ph n ng v i Na thu c s mol H2 = nA => A cú nhúm OH v i nhúm COOH Th y phõn A v i KOH thu c mu i nh t =>Ch t A l HO-CH2 CH2 COOCH2 CH2 COOH 2OHCH2 CH2 COOK HO-CH2 CH2COOCH2 CH2COOH + 2KOH 0,1 Kh i l ng mu i thu ỏp ỏn: A 0,2 0,2 mol c l: mmu i = 0,2*128 = 25,6 gam Cõu 22: MX = 74 Ch t X tỏc d ng v i NaHCO thu c CO => X cú ch a nhúm COOH Ch t X lm m t mu n c Br2 => X cú nhúm CHO Ch t X cú cụng th c phự h p l: HOOC-CHO ỏp ỏn: C T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng Cõu 23: S mol nCO = 0,4 mol, nH2 O = 0,3 mol => nX = nCO nH2 O = 0,1 mol nCO2 0, C= => Ch t X cú Cacbon v 6H nX 0,1 Ch t X ph n ng v i Na => X cú nhúm OH Ch t X ph n ng b c nờn => X cú nhúm CHO Ch t X lm m t mu dung d ch n c brom => X cú liờn k t CH=CH =>Cụng th c c u t o c a ch t X l: OH-CH2 -CH=CH-CHO ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 24: Nhỡn cỏc ỏp ỏn u th y A l este RCOONa + ROH RCOOR + NaOH CH3 COONa + CH3CHO CH3 COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH3 COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4 NO3 CH3 CHO + AgNO /NH3 CH3 COONa + NH3 + H2 O CH3 COONH4 + NaOH ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 25: Xột nh ng ỏp ỏn 1: 2CH3 COONa + 2NaCl + H2 O A.CH3 COOCCl2 CH3 + 4NaOH CH3 -CHOH-CHOH-COONa + 2NaCl + H2 O B CH3 -CHCl-CHCl-COOH + 2NaOH OHC-COONa + C2 H5OH + 2NaCl +H2 O lo i vỡ cú ancol C CHCl2 COOCH2CH3 + 3NaOH CH3 CH2 COONa + HCOONa + 2NaCl + H2 O lo i vỡ cú hai mu i D CH3 CH2COOCHCl2 + 4NaOH h uc Nhỡn ỏp ỏn thỡ c A v B phự h p Cõu 26: Th y phõn X muụi tr ng ki m thu c hai ch t cú kh n ng tham gia ph n ng g ng => Mu i sinh cú nhớm CHO Cụng th c c u t o c a X phự h p l : HCOOCHClCH2 CH3 HCOONa + CH3 CH2 CHO + NaCl + H2 O HCOOCHClCH2 CH3 + 2NaOH HCOONa v CH3 CH2 CHO u tham gia ph n ng g ng ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 27: -X ph n ng v i Na t o khớ H2 => X cú nhúm OH -X ph n ng c v i AgNO /NH3 => X cú nhúm CHO ho c liờn k t u m ch nhỡn ỏp ỏn thỡ khụng cú nhúm CHO =>X ph n ng ỏp ỏn: D c C2 H5 OH => Cụng th c c u t o c a X l CH C-CH2 CH2 OH Cõu 28: -X lm m t mu dung d ch n c Br2 => X cú liờn k t pi -X ph n ng v i Na gi i phúng khớ H2 => X cú nhúm OH T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng -X cú ng phõn hỡnh h c =>Cụng th c c u taoh phự h p c a X l: CH3 CH=CHCH2 OH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 29 : RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 mol 4,1 MRCOONa = 82 =>CH3 COONa 0, 05 =>Este A l: CH3 COOCH=CH2 A A cú kh n ng lm i mu qu tớm thnh Sai ch t X l este n ch c nờn khụng lm qu tớm húa B A cú ph n ng b c v cú lm m t mu n c brom Sai X lm m t mu n c Br nh ng khụng ph n ng b c vỡ khụng cú nhúm -CHO C A cú ph n ng b c nh ng khụng lm m t mu n c brom Sai X lm m t mu n c Br nh ng khụng ph n ng b c vỡ khụng cú nhúm -CHO D A khụng tham gia ph n ng b c nh ng cú lm m t mu n c brom ỳng ỏp ỏn : D Cõu 30: A khụng lm m t mu dung d ch n c Br2 => ta lo i c ỏp ỏn A v C B tỏc d ng v i Na => X cú ch a nhúm OH => Ta lo i c ỏp D C ph n ng b c => X cú ch a nhúm CHO ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 31 : S mol nX = 0,1 mol S mol nAgNO ph n S nAg = 0,2 mol ng = 0,4 mol S mol AgNO ph n ng g p ụi s mol Ag t o thnh => Trong X cú ch a liờn k t u m ch AgC C-CH(COONH4 )-C CAg + NH4 NO3 CH C-CH(CHO)-C CH + 4AgNO /NH3 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 32: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng t Cl-C6 H4-CH2-OH + NaCl Cl-C6 H4 -CH2 -Cl + KOH o Vỡ KOH loóng nờn khụng th ph n ng c v i Cl- ớnh tr c ti p vũng benzen ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 33: X, Y, Z u ph n ng v i AgNO /NH3 => Cỏc ch t cú nhúm CHO ho c -C CH u m ch Z, T ph n ng v i NaOH => Z, T cú nhúm COOH X tỏc ng c v i H2 O => X cú nhúm -C CH Nhỡn ỏp ỏn ta cú bi t ỏp ỏn: D c X, Y, Z ,T l n l T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 t l CHCH; OHC-CHO; OHC-COOH; HOOC-COOH - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng Cõu 34 : nH2O> nCO2 X l ancol no X khụng lm m t mu n c brom nX = nH2O - nCO2 = 0,5 0,4 = 0,1 ( mol) X cú nguyờn t cacbon (nCO2 : nX = 4) X tỏc d ng v i Cu(OH)2 t o dung d ch mu xanh lam X cú ớt nh t nhúm OH k Oxi húa X b ng CuO t o h p ch t h u c a ch t Y Cỏc nhúm OH X ph i ớnh v i cỏc nguyờn t cacbon cú cựng b c M X cú nguyờn t C Ho c l nhúm OH u b c 1, ho c l nhúm OH u b c ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 35: X ph n ng v i NaOH, nNaOH = nX suy X cú nhúm OH ớnh tr c ti p v i C vũng benzen X ph n ng v i Na, nH2 = nX suy X cũn nhúm OH ớnh v i C ngoi vũng benzen X cú th l : (1) OH (2) OH (3) OH OH OH OH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 36 : T i u ki n v tỏc nhõn ph n ng s trờn ta th y A l ancol no n ch c v B l anken Cỏc ch t cú cụng th c phõn t l C3 H6 O v c ng H2 t o ancol no n ch c l th a V i b t bóo hũa k=1, cỏc ch t c n tỡm cú th l ancol n ch c cú m t n i ụi, anờhit no n ch c ho c xờton no n ch c Cú cỏc ch t: CH2 =CH-CH2 -OH ; CH3 CH2 CHO v CH3 COCH3 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 37 : t T l CH4 Y l CH3 COONa Y + NaOH (r n) T + P CaO o 1500 C T Q + H2 o t Q l C2 H2 Z l CH3 CHO Q + H2 O Z xt o Z l CH3 COOCH=CH2 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu38 : CH3 Cl + KCN CH3 CN + KCl ; CH3 CN + 2H2 O CH3 COOH + NH3 Ch n C H 3O KCN RCOOH l m t cỏc ph RCN S chuy n húa: RX t0 ng phỏp chung dựng i u ch axit cacboxylic Ngoi ra, n u i t d n xu t halogen cú th i u ch c axit cacboxylic theo cỏch sau: H 3O CO Mg RCOOH RCOOMgX RMgX RX ete RCX3 + 3NaOH RCOOH + 3NaX + H2 O T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 39 : X tỏc d ng c v i AgNO NH3 suy X cú th ch a nhúm CH=O ho c -C CH M t khỏc X ph n ng v a v i 0,6 mol AgNO / NH3 thu c 0,4 mol Ag X cú ch a c nhúm ch c: CHO v CH C-R (*) Lo i ỏp ỏn A v B MX = 13,8 : 0,2 = 69 Ch n ỏp ỏn C Trong cỏc bi t ng t , cỏc ỏp ỏn u th a (*) ta bi n lu n nh sau: S mol AgNO3 /NH3 tham gia ph n ng v i nhúm CHO v CH C- l n l t l 0,4 mol v 0,2 mol Trong t l s mol ph n ng gi a nhúm CHO v i AgNO3 / NH3 l 1:2 CH C- v i AgNO3 / NH3 l 1:1 T l nhúm ch c CHO v CH C- phõn t X l 1:1 MX ỏp ỏn ỳng ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 40: n X 0,1 HCOOCH3 0,1.4.18 m H2O 3, 6(gam) Ta cú : n CO2 0, X HOC CH OH n Ag 0, A m cú giỏ tr l 3,6 ỳng B X tỏc d ng c v i Na ỳng vỡ cú nhúm OH C X tỏc d ng c v i dung d ch NaOH D X lm húa quỡ tớm t m n c c t ỳng vỡ cú este Sai vỡ khụng cú ch c COOH ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 41: n KOH 0,5 n H2 0,15 n ancol 0,3 ú X ph i g m axit v este ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 42: n HOC6H4 COOH 0,15(mol) NaOH n NaOC6H4 COONa 0,15(mol) Ta cú : n (CH3CO)2 O 0,1 n CH3COONa 0, BTNT.Na n NaOH 0,15.2 0, 0,5 V 0, 25(l) ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 43: X chỏy cho th tớch khớ CO b ng th tớch h i n c nờn X l andehit no n ch c L i cú : n X : n Ag 1: nờn X ch cú th l HCHO ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 44 : Y cú ph n ng b c nờn Y l mu i natri c a axit fomic Lo i ỏp ỏn B v C Z hũa tan c Cu(OH)2 t o dung d ch mu xanh lam Z cú ớt nh t nhúm OH k T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng M t khỏc t cỏc ỏp ỏn ta th y bi ó cho X l este t o nờn b i ancol ch c nancol= neste = 0,1 mol Mancol = 7,6 : 0,1 = 76 (g/mol) ỏp ỏn : B Cõu 45 : X cú b t bóo hũa k = 3, cú nguyờn t oxi phõn t un Z v i dung d ch H2 SO c thu c imetyl ete Z l ancol metylic CH3 OH (1) Cho mol X ph n ng h t v i dung d ch NaOH thu c ch t Y v mol ch t Z X l este khụng no ch c t o b i axit ch c v ancol metylic(2) Y cú cụng th c phõn t l C H2 O4Na2 (3) T cú cụng th c phõn t l C H4 O4 (axit ch c cú n i ụi) Cho T ph n ng v i HBr thu c hai s n ph m l ng phõn c u t o c a (4) Phõn t ch t T khụng cú tớnh i x ng CTCT c a T l: CH2 =C COOH T khụng cú ng phõn hỡnh h c Ch n A COOH Cú th khụng c n tỡm T v n cú th ch n c ỏp ỏn ỳng T (1) ỏp ỏn D l phỏt bi u sai; t (2) ỏp ỏn B sai; t (3) ỏp ỏn C sai ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 46: + X g ng suy X ph i cú d ng: HCOOR + dung d ch Y t o k t t a vng nh t suy dung d ch Y cú ch a h p ch t cú n i ba u m ch X : HCOONH3 CH2 C CH V y HCOONa 0,15 mol Ag 0,3 AgNO3 /NH3 NaOH X CH C CH2 NH2 0,15 mol CAg C CH NH Kh i l ng k t t a thu ỏp ỏn: D c l: m = 0,3*108 + 0,15*162 = 56,7 (gam) Cõu 47: X ph n ng v i Na v NaOH => X cú ch a nhúm OH , -COOH, X th y phõn mụi tr ng axit nờn X l este NaOH X : HO CH2 COO CH2 COOH HO CH2 COONa = 0,15 98 29,4 ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 48: CH=CH2 OOCH T cỏc d ki n c a bi toỏn suy CTCT c a X l Ta cú : n n CH2Br CHBr C6H2 (OH)Br2 43,8 0,1(mol) n X 0,1(mol) n NaOH 0, 438 BTKL 0,1.148 0, 2.40 m 0,1.18 m 21(gam) ỏp ỏn: A T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng Cõu 49: + D th y ancol Y cú d ng C2 H6 Ox + Vỡ X khụng b c nờn nú cú CTCT l HOOC COOCH 2CH3 C H OH : 0,1(mol) a 0,1 KOH V y HOOC COOCH CH KOOC COOK : 0,1(mol) m 16, ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 50: + A tỏc d ng c v i Na2 CO3 nờn nú cú nhúm COOH + Vỡ A m ch h v n CO2 n H2 nờn cú th suy mol A cú mol COOH v mol OH + A ch cú th l COOH HOOC-CH2 -CH- CH2-COOH OH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 51: n X 0,01(mol) Ta cú : mROH 0,32(gam) n NaOH 0,1 mH2O 103,68 0,1.40 99,68 R 17 32 R 15 C H5COOCH3 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 52: Cháy n CO2 2n H2O Nh n th y : X nCO Cháy n 2(n 2) n A Cn H 2n (n 2)H 2O Vụ lý vỡ th y phõn Y v Z khụng th cú cựng s nguyờn t cacbon nCO Cháy n 2(n 3) n B Cn H 2n (n 3)H 2O ỳng vỡ cú th t n t i Y v Z cú cựng nguyờn t C Khi ú X cú th l : CH CH OOC COO CH CH nCO Cháy n 2(n 1) n C Cn H 2n (n 1)H 2O Vụ lý vỡ X cú hai C thỡ khụng th l este khụng no c nCO Cháy n 2(n 2) n D Cn H 2n (n 2)H 2O CH3COOC CH Tr ng h p ny c ng vụ lý vỡ X cú th l HCOOCH C CH HCOOCH C CH ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 53: T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 10 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng + Z õy l n BTNT.H c Cú nH2 1,85 n H2O 3,7(mol) BTNT.Na phản ứng + Cú nNa2CO3 0,09 n NaOH 0,18 n NaOH 0,15(mol) 0,18.40 0,18.40 0,1 dung dịch NaOH + n H2 O 3,6(mol) n Sinh H2 O 0,1(mol) 18 nCtrongX 0,09 0,26 0,35(mol) + V y X HO C H4 OOCH n 0,14.2 0,1.2 0,18 0,3 H NaO C H ONa:0,05 m 154.0,05 0,03.40 68.0,05 12,3(gam) NaOH : 0,03 HCOONa : 0,05 ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 54: Ta cú : un Z v i dung d ch H2 SO4 c, thu V y X l : CH OOC CH CH COOCH3 c imetyl ete Z l CH3 OH HBr T s l : HOOC CH CH COOH HOOC CH2 CHBr COOH A.Sai X ph n ng v i H2 (t0 , Ni) theo t l mol : B.Sai Z khụng lm m t mu n c Brom C ỳng D.Sai ch t Y cú cụng th c phõn t C4 H2 O4Na2 Cõu 55: Ta cú : n X Y CH 3COO C6 H : 0,01 6,8 0,05 m CH3COONa 0,82 HCOOCH C H : 0,04 136 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 56: n CO 2a BTKL + Cú 44.2a 18a 3,95 a 0,075(mol) n H O a 3,95 0,075.2.12 0,075.2 BTKL n Otrong Y 0,125 + 16 + V y Y:C XH YO Z x : y:z 0,15:0,15:0,125 6:6:5 + Theo bi Y : HOOC C C COO CH CH OH V y X l : HOOC C C COOH (khụng cú ng phõn hỡnh h c) ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 57: 1,86 n Ag 0,0375 BTKL + Ta cú : n RCOONH4 0,02 R 44 18 HO CH COONH n 0,02 0,02 NH HO CH CHO:0,01875 m 1,22(gam) + V y m HO CH COOH :0,00125 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 58 : X n ch c m cho hai mu i T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 X l este c a phenol RCOOC6 H5 - Trang | 11 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng RCOOK : 0,1 Cháy BTNT.K Y n K 2CO3 0,1(mol) Ta cú : n KOH 0, 2(mol) C6 H 5OK : 0,1 BTNT.C n CO2 0, 7(mol) n Ctrong X 0, 0,1 0,8 X : CH3COOC6 H m1 0,1.136 13,6(gam) BTKL 13,6 0, 2.56 m2 0,1.18 m2 23(gam) ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 59 : X : HO CH CHO Cú th suy T l : Y : HOC COOH Z : HO CH COOH nTrongT 2n T 0, 25.2 0,5(mol) m 0,5.44 22(gam) C ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 60: S ng phõn c a C3 H6 O2 l : CH3CH 2COOH , HCOOC2 H5 , CH3COOCH3 , HO CH CH CHO , CH3 CH(OH) CHO x s g m : CH3CH 2COOH y s g m : HCOOC2 H5 v CH3COOCH3 z s g m : HCOOC2 H5 t s g m : HO CH CH CHO v CH3 CH(OH) CHO ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 61: D dng suy E cú C nờn X l andehit hai ch c V y Z cú th l + N u E l este ch c thỡ Z l C2 H5 OH + N u E l t p ch c (axit v este) thỡ Z l C H9 OH cú ng phõn V y Z cú th cú t ng c ng ng phõn ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 62: Cỏc ng phõn m ch h c a X l : CH3CH 2CHO , CH3COCH3 , CH CH CH OH , CH CH O CH Cú ng phõn m ch h cú kh n ng m t mu dung d ch Br2 ỏp ỏn: C CHU I PH N NG Cõu 1: Br-CH2 -CH2-CH2-Br Xicloprapan: C H6 + Br2 HO-CH2-CH2-CH2OH + 2NaCl Br-CH2 -CH2-CH2-Br + 2NaOH to OHC-CH2-CHO + 2Cu +2H2 O HO-CH2-CH2-CH2OH + 2CuO NH4 OOC-CH2-COONH4 + 4Ag + 4NH4 NO3 OHC-CH2-CHO + AgNO /NH3 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 2: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 12 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng ete C2 H5 Br + Mg CH3 CH2 -Mg-Br CH3 CH2-Mg-Br + CO CH3 CH2COOMgBr 2CH3 CH2 COOMgBr + 2HCl 2CH3 CH2 COOH + MgCl2 + MgBr2 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 3: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng xt ,t 3C2 H2 C6 H6 benzen xt ,t o C6 H6 + Cl2 C6 H5 Cl (phenylclorua) + HCl xt ,t o C6 H5 Cl + NaOH C6 H5ONa (phenol) + NaCl + H2 O o C6 H5ONa + HCl C6 H5OH + NaCl xt ,t o C6 H5OH + HCHO nh c novolac ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 4: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng HCOOCH2 CH3 + NaOH HCOONa + C2 H5 OH 2HCOONa + H2 SO 2HCOOH + Na2 SO4 (NH4 )2 CO3 + 2Ag + 2NH4 NO3 HCOOH + 2AgNO /NH3 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 5: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng BrCH2 -CHBr C2 H4 + Br2 t HC CH + 2KBr + H2 O (X) BrCH2 -CH2 Br +KOH/C2 H5 OH AgC CAg + NH4 NO (Y) HC CH + AgNO /NH3 HC CH + 2AgBr (Z) AgC CAg + 2HBr o ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 6: S ph n ng H 2O, H CuO, t o HCN CH3-C(=O)-CH3 CH3 C(OH)(CH3 )CN CH3 -CH=CH2 CH3 -CH(OH)-CH3 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 7: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng CH C-C(OH)(CH3 )2 HC CH + CH3 -C(=O)-CH3 xt ,t o CH2 =CH-C(OH)(CH3 )2 CH C-C(OH)(CH3 )2 + H2 xt ,t o CH2 =CH-C(CH3 )=CH2 + H2O CH2 =CH-C(OH)(CH3 )2 xt ,t o -(CH2-CH=C(CH3 )-CH2 )-n poloisopren nCH2 =CH-C(CH3 )=CH2 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 8: NO2 C6 H CH : o nitrotoluen H SO4 C6 H5 CH3 + HNO NO2 C6 H CH : p nitrotoluen NO 2-C6 H4 COOH NO2 -C6 H4-CH3 + KMnO T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 13 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 9: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng: CH3 -CH2 -C CH + HCl CH3 -CH2-CCl=CH2 CH3 -CH2 -CCl=CH2 + HCl CH3 -CH2 -CCl2 -CH3 CH3 -CH2 -CCl2 -CH3 + 2NaOH CH3 -CH2-C(=O)-CH3 + 2NaCl + H2=O ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 10: Ch t X: OH-CH -CH2 COOCH2-CH2 -COOH + 2NaOH 2OHCH2 -CH2-COONa + H2 O Ch t Y: OHCH2 -CH2-COONa + HCl OHCH2 -CH2-COOH + NaCl Ch t Z : OHCH2 -CH2-COOH + 2Na NaO-CH2-CH2 -COONa + H2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 mol ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 11: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng: xt ,t o Ch t X :CH2 =CH-CHO + H2 CH3 -CH2-CH2OH Ch t X1 xt ,t o CH2 =CH-CH2OH +O CH2 =CHCOOH Ch t X2 CH2 =CH2 COOH + CH3 CH2CH2 OH CH2 =CH-COOC3 H7 ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 12: + H2 (xt, t o ) + CO (xt, t o ) + X (xt, t o ) CO CH3OH CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 13: + dd AgNO3 /NH3 + Cl2 , as + NaOH, t + CuO, t Toluen C6 H5CH2Cl C6H5CH 2OH C6H5CHO C6 H5COONH4 1:1 o o ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 14: S ph n ng CH2 = C(CH3 )COOH CH2 = C(CH3 )COOCH3 Th y tinh h u CH3 C(OH)(CH3 )COOH c ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 15: Nh ng ch t phự h p v i X C2 H2 C2 H4 C2 H5 OHCH3 COOH C2 H2 CH3 CHOC2 H5OHCH3 COOH C2 H2 CH3 COOCH=CH2 CH3 COONaCH3 COOH ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 16: t CH2 =C(CH3 )-CHO + Cu + H2 O CH2 =C(CH3 )CH2 OH + CuO to CH2 =C(CH3 )-COOH CH2 =C(CH3 )-CHO + O to CH2 =C(CH3 )-COOCH3 + H2 O CH2 =C(CH3 )-COOH + CH3OH xt ,t o th y tinh plecxiglat nCH2 =C(CH3 )-COOCH3 o T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 14 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng ỏp õn: B Cõu 17: T l ch t NH4 OOC-CH=CH-COONH4 Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng 40o C CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 + Br2 CH2 Br-CH=CH-CH2 Br CH2 Br-CH=CH-CH2 Br + 2NaOH CH2 OH-CH=CH-CH2OH t CH2 OH-CH=CH-CH2 OH + 2CuO OHC-CH=CH-CHO + 2Cu + H2 O OHC-CH=CH-CHO + 4AgNO /NH3 NH4 OOC-CH=CH-COONH4 + 4Ag + 4NH4 NO o ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 18: Ch t X l: CH3 COOCH=CH2 CH3 COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH3 COONa + CH3CHO + H2 O CH3 CHO +2AgNO /NH3 CH3 COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4 NO CH3 COONH4 + NaOH CH3 COONa + NH3 + H2 O ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 19: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng HCOONa + CH3CHO HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH 2HCOOH + Na2 SO4 2HCOONa + H2 SO ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 20: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng t HCOONa + CH3 CHO + NaCl + H2 O (X) HCOOCHCl-CH3 + 2NaOH 2HCOOH + Na2 SO4 (X1 ) 2HCOONa + H2 SO4 t0 CH3 COONH4 + 2NH4 NO3 + 2Ag (X2 ) CH3 CHO + 2AgNO + 3NH3 + H2 O t0 (NH4 )2 CO3 + 2NH4 NO3 + 2Ag (X3 ) HCOOH + 2AgNO + 4NH3 + H2 O o ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 21: Ch t T l : CH3 COOCH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 : butyl axetat 40o C CH2 Br-CH=CH-CH3 CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 + HBr CH3 -CH=CH-CH2 OH + NaBr CH2 Br-CH=CH-CH3 + NaOH Ni ,t o CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2OH CH3 -CH=CH-CH2 OH + H2 to CH3 COOCH2 -CH2 -CH2-CH3 + H2 O CH3 CH2 CH2CH2 OH + CH3 COOH ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 22 : S t ng minh l ; H2 O CuO,t CH3 CH2 OH CH3CHO + CH2 CH2 HCN H CH3CH(CN)O CH3CH(COOH)OH + CH3CHO ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 23: T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 15 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng t , xt HBr (1 : 1) H2 C2 H2 CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 CH2 =CH-C CH CH2 =CH0 800 C Pd / PbCO3 , t CHBr-CH3 X : CH CH C CH Y : CH CH CH CH Z : CH CH CHBr CH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 24: A C2 H5 I, C2 H5NH3 I, C2 H5 NH2 H p lý B C2 H5 I, C2 H5NH2 , C2 H5 OH Lo i vỡ Z l amin C C2 H4 I2 , C2 H4 (NH2 )2 , C2 H4 (OH)2 Lo i vỡ X ch a nguyờn t Iot D C2 H5 I, C2 H5NH3 I, C2 H5 OH Lo i vỡ Z l amin ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 25: X cú th l : HOC CHO Y cú th l : HOCH 2CH 2CH 2OH HO CH CHO CH3CH (OH)CH 2OH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 26: O2 CH3 OH CO CH CH3OH CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 Vỡ cỏc ch t cú nhúm CHO u tỏc d ng v i n c brom.Do ú n u Z khụng lm m t mu n c brom thỡ khụng th cú ph n ng b c ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 27: Y Z C3 H8 Cho s ph n ng: X (C3 H6 O) S ch t X m ch h , b n th a s trờn l X C3H6O C3H COOH C3H COONa C3H8 X cú th l: CH2 =CH-CH2 OH, CH3 -CH2-CHO, ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 28: Ph ng trỡnh ph n ng ZnO,CrO3 + H2 CO CH3OH 4000 C,200atm xt,t CH3COOH + CH3OH CO + CH3COOH CH C CH CH 3COOC(CH ) CH + CH3COOC(CH ) CH NaOH CH 3COONa CH 3CO CH Ni,t CH3 CH OH CH + CH3CO CH3 H ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 29: S t ng minh : T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 16 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng dd NaOH, t p Br C6 H CH Br p Br C6 H CH OH (A1 ) dd NaOH (dac, t ,p) A1 p HO C6 H CH OH (A ) Na (A ) p NaO C6 H CH ONa (A ) HCOOH,H 2SO A p HO C6 H CH OOCH (A5 ) ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 30: Ni ,t (CH3 )2 CH-CH2-CHO + H2 (CH3 )2 CH-CH2 -CH2 OH xt ,t o (CH3 )2 CH-CH2-CH2OH + CH3 COOH CH3COOCH 2CH 2CH(CH3 ) o Z l este cú mựi chu i chớn nờn Z l : CH3COOCH 2CH 2CH(CH3 ) V y X ph i l : HOC CH CH(CH3 ) ỏp ỏn : C Cõu 31: t X 3NaOH C6 H5ONa Y CH3CHO H2O (Ph ng trỡnh 1) CaO,t Y 2NaOH T 2Na 2CO3 (Ph ng trỡnh 2) t CH3CHO 2Cu(OH) NaOH Z (Ph ng trỡnh 3) Z NaOH T Na 2CO3 (Ph ng trỡnh 4) 0 CaO,t + Nhỡn vo ph ng trỡnh Z l CH3 COONa T l CH4 + Nhỡn vo ph ng trỡnh cú NaOH ph n ng nờn Y l NaOOC CH2 COONa + V y X l : C6 H5OOC CH COO CH CH ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 32: S ph n ng Cl2 t ,xt NaOH HCl C6 H4 C6 H6 C6H5Cl C6H5ONa C6H5OH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 33: CO2 H2O NaOH Y X Cho dóy chuy n húa sau: X S t ng minh : C6 H5ONa CO2 H2O C6H5OH NaHCO3 C6 H5 OH NaOH C6 H5 ONa H 2O ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 34: X,xt,t Z,xt,t M,xt,t Y T CH3COOH S t ng minh : CH4 xt CH4 O2 HCHO H2O Ni HCHO H2 CH3OH xt,t CH3OH CO CH3COOH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 35: t X1 + X2 + X3 Ni ,t X3 (2) X2 + H2 (1) X + NaOH d T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 17 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng t (3) X1 + H2 SO4 loóng Y + Na2 SO4 + T ph ng trỡnh suy s C X2 v X3 ph i nh + N u X2 v X3 l cỏc ancol thỡ t ng s C nh nh t ph i l C i u ny vụ lý + N u X2 v X3 l cỏc mu i thỡ t ng s C nh nh t ph i l C i u ny vụ lý Ni,t + V y X2 ch cú th l andeit cũn X3 l ancol CH3CHO H2 C H5OH + V y X l : C H5OOC CH2 COO CH CH2 Y l : HOOC-CH2-COOH ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 36: t CH3 CH2 COONa + CH3 CHO (1) CH3 CH2 COOCH=CH2 + NaOH t C2 H6 + Na2 CO3 (2) CH3 CH2 COONa r n + NaOH r n + T (2) suy Y l C H5 COONa + V y X l C2 H5 COOCH = CH2 ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 37: S ph n ng: CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2-OH + NaCl CH3 CH2 CH2CH2 CH2Cl + NaOH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH=CH2 + H2O CH3 CH2 CH2CH2 CH2-OH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH(Cl)CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2CH=CH2 + HCl CH3 CH2 CH2 CH(OH)CH3 +NaCl CH3 CH2 CH2CH(Cl)CH3 + NaOH CH3 CH2 CH=CHCH3 + H2 O CH3 CH2 CH2CH(OH)CH3 CH3 CH2 CH(Cl)CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH=CHCH3 + HCl CH3 CH2 CH(OH)CH2 CH3 + NaCl CH3 CH2 CH(Cl)CH2 CH3 + NaOH ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 38: S ph n ng: C2 H5 NH3 Br C2 H5 Br + NH3 C2 H5 NH2 + NaBr + H2 O C2 H5NH3 Br + NaOH CH3 ONH3 C2 H5 C2 H5NH2 + CH3 COOH ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 39: S ph n ng: C6 H5 C2 H5 C6 H6 + C2 H4 C6 H5 CH2CH2 -Br + HBr C6 H5 C2 H5 + Br2 C6 H5 CH=CH2 + HBr C6 H5 CH2 CH2 Br + KOH/C H5 OH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 40: S ph n ng: Br- C6 H4 CH3 + HBr C6 H5 CH3 + Br2 NaO-C6H5 CH3 + NaBr C6 H5 CH2 Br + NaOH X : o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen ; Y : o-NaO-C6 H4-CH3 v p-NaO-C6 H4 -CH3 Z : o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol Cõu h i ny c ng cú th g i l hay, c p n quy t c th trờn nhõn benzen, nh ng cỏi m cỏc em d lỳng tỳng h n cú l l cỏch g i tờn T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 18 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 41: S ph n ng: C6 H5 CH3 + Br2 (as) C6 H5CH2 Br + HBr C6 H5 CH2 Br + Br2 (Fe,t) p-CH2 Br-C6 H4 Br + HBr p-CH2 Br-C6 H4 Br + NaOH (loóng) p-OHCH2 -C6 H4 Br + NaBr p-OHCH2-C6 H4 Br + NaOH ( c,ỏp xu t) p-HOCH2C6 H4OH + NaBr ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 42: S ph n ng: C6 H6 + HNO3 /H2 SO4 C6 H5 NO2 + H2 O C6 H5NO2 + Cl2 m-Cl-C6 H4 NO2 + HCl m-Cl-C6 H4 NO2 + NaOH ( c núng,ỏp xu t) m-HOC6 H4 NO2 + NaCl ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 43: Xiclopropan C3 H6 + Br2 Br-CH2 -CH2-CH2-Br Br-CH2 -CH2-CH2-Br + 2NaOH OH-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH + 2NaBr OH-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH + CuO (nhi t ) OHC-CH2-CHO + Cu + H2 O OHC-CH2-CHO + O ( xt) - > HOOC-CH2 -COOH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 44: S ph n ng: Br-CH2 -CH=CH-CH2-Br CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 + Br2 OH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-OH + 2NaBr Br-CH2 -CH=CH-CH2-Br + 2NaOH OHC-CH=CH-CHO + Cu + H2 O OH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-OH + CuO (nhi t ) H4 NOOC-CH=CH-COONH4 + 4Ag OHC-CH=CH-CHO + 4AgNO / NH3 ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 45: S ph n ng: CH3-CH(OH)-CH(CH3 )-CH3 3-metyl but-1-en: CH2 =CH-CH(CH3 )-CH3 + H2 O CH3 -CH=C(CH3 )-CH3 + H2O CH3 -CH(OH)-CH(CH3 )-CH3 CH3 -CH2-C(OH)(CH3 )-CH3 CH3 -CH=C(CH3 )-CH3 + H2O ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 46: S chuy n húa C6 H5-C(Cl)=CH2 C6 H5-C CH + HCl C6 H5-C(Cl)2 -CH3 C6 H5-C(Cl)=CH2 + HCl C6 H5COCH3 + 2NaCl + H2 O C6 H5-C(Cl)2 -CH3 + 2NaOH ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 47: S ph n ng: CH3 -CH2 I CH2 =CH2 + HI CH3 -CH2-NH3 I CH3 -CH2 I + NH3 CH3 -CH2NH2 CH3 -CH2 -NH3 I + NaOH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 48: S ph n ng: CH3 -CH(Br)-CH3 CH3 -CH=CH2 + HBr T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 19 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng CH3 -CH(Br)-CH3 + NaOH CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + NaBr CH3 -CH(OH)-CH3 + CuO CH3 COCH3 + Cu + H2 O ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 49: S chuy n húa: CH3 CHO + HCN CH3 CH(NH)(OH) CH3 CH(CN)(OH) + H3 O+ CH3 CH(OH)COOH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 50: S ph n ng: CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 + HBr CH3 -CH=CH-CH2-Br CH3 -CH=CH-CH2 -Br + 2NaOH CH3 -CH=CH-CH2-OH + 2NaBr CH3 -CH=CH-CH2 -OH + H2 CH3 -CH2 - CH2 -CH2-OH CH3 -CH2 - CH2 -CH2 -OH + CH3 COOH CH3 COOCH2-CH2-CH2 -CH3 ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 51: S ph n ng: CH3 CHO + HCN CH3 CH(CN)(OH) CH3 CH(CN)(OH) + H3 O+ CH3 -CH(OH)-COOH CH2 =CH-COOH + H2 O : axit acrylic CH3 -CH(OH)-COOH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 52: S chuy n húa: Butan-2-ol: CH3 -CH2 -CH(OH)-CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2O CH3 -CH=CH-CH3 + HBr CH3 -CH2 -CH(Br)-CH3 CH3 -CH2 -CH(Br)-CH3 + Mg CH3 -CH(MgBr)-CH2 -CH3 ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 53: S ph n ng: C2 H5OH CH2 =CH2 + H2 O X l CH2 =CH2 + HBr CH3 -CH2 -Br X1 l: CH3 -CH2 -Br Y l H2 O + Na NaOH + H2 Y1 l NaOH X1 + Y1 : CH3 -CH2-Br + NaOH CH3 -CH2 -OH + NaBr ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 54: S chuy n húa: C6 H5 C2 H5 C6 H6 + C2 H4 C6 H5CH(Br)-CH3 + HBr C6 H5 C2 H5 + Br2 (as) C6 H5 CH(OH)-CH3 + NaBr C6 H5 CH(Br)-CH3 + NaOH C6 H5CH=CH2 + H2 O C6 H5 CH(OH)-CH3 ỏp ỏn : D Cõu 55 : Quỏ trỡnh ph n ng 2CH CH CH 3H CH CH H 2O CH 3CHO T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 20 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng xt CH 3CHO O2 CH 3COOH CH 3COOH CH CH CH 3COOCH CH H 2O trung , hop CH 3COOCH CH (CH CH (OOCH )) n ỏp ỏn : C Cõu 56 : S ph n ng H SO NaOH CH3 CH(Cl)COOH CH3 -CH(OH)-COOH CH3 -CH(OH)-COONa +CH3OH H SO đặc CH2 =CH-COOCH3 polime H (CH2 CH2 =CH-COOH H SO đặc 2 4 CH(COOCH3 ))-n ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 57: cụng th c phõn t C8 H10O C6 H5-CH2-CH2-OH C6 H5-CH(OH)-CH3 Cú ng phõn Tỏch n c thu c C6 H5 -CH=CH2 n C6 H5 -CH=CH2 -(CH2 -CH(C6 H5 ))-n ỏp ỏn : C Cõu 58: Quỏ trỡnh ph n ng CH CH 3H 2CH CH CH H 2O CH 3CHO xt CH 3CHO O2 CH 3COOH CH 3COOH CH CH CH 3COOCH CH H 2O trung , hop CH 3COOCH CH (CH CH (OOCH )) n ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 59: S chuy n húa ZnO ; MgO t o , p , xt men CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 -(CH2 -CH=CH-CH2 )-n cao su buna C6 H12 O6 C2 H5 OH 500o C ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 60: Br2 (1:1) (Fe ddHCl)dư NaOHđặc,dư HNO3 đặc(1:1) Z Y T Benzen X H2 SO4 đặc Fe,t t cao,P cao X l C H5 NO2 ch a nhúm hỳt e nờn Br s c nh h ng vo m Y:m-BrC6 H4 NO2 s b kh b i H m i sinh amin sau ú tỏc d ng v i HCl sinh mu i ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 61: S ph n ng xt,t CH4 O2 HCHO H2O xt,t HCHO H2 CH3OH xt,t CH3OH CO CH3COOH ỏp ỏn: A Cõu 62: H / Ni ,t o H 2O Anehit no, m ch h OHC-CH2 -CH2 -CHO HOCH2 -CH2-CH2-CH2OH t , p , xt CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 Cao su buna o T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 21 - Hocmai.vn Website h c tr c n s t i Vi t Nam Khúa h c Luy n thi THPT qu c gia PEN - M: Mụn Hoỏ h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Bi n lu n CT v chu i p ng H / Ni ,t t , p , xt H 2O , H CH3CH2OH Anehit no, m ch h CH3 CHO CH2 =CH-CH=CH2 Cao su o o buna OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO t o 4Ag CH3 CHO t o 2Ag ỏp ỏn: B xt Cõu 63 : (1) CH4 O2 HCHO H2O xt (2) HCHO H2 CH3OH xt (3) CH3OH CO CH3COOH ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 64 : CH3 CH2 Cl + KCN CH3 CH2 CN + KCl H ,t0 CH3 CH2 CN CH3 CH2 COOH ỏp ỏn: C Cõu 65: X l C2 H5 OH Y l CH3 CHO Z l CH3 COOH G l CH3 COONa Cỏc h p ch t cú liờn k t ion thỡ nhi t sụi, nhi t núng ch y cao h n h p ch t cú liờn k t c ng húa tr => ch n ch t G HS ph i ph i h p v n d ng ki n th c h u c 11 m i cú th lm c bi ny HS hay nh m l n v i ỏp ỏn l Z ỏp ỏn: D Cõu 66: S t ng minh l : t CH3COOCH CH2 NaOH CH3COONa CH3CHO CaO,t CH4 + Na2 CO3 CH3 COONa (r n) + NaOH (r n) t0 CH3 COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag CH3 CHO + 2AgNO + 3NH3 + H2O o ỏp ỏn:C Cõu 67 : X l este c a CH3 OH v i amino axit CH3 CH(NH2 )COONa(Y)+CH3 OH X: CH3 CH(NH2 )COOCH3 +NaOH CH3 CH(NH2 )COOH(Z)+NaCl CH3 CH(NH2 )COONa+HCl ỏp ỏn: B Cõu 68: Y l : C H5OOC CH CH CH CH COONa CH CH COOH CH CH COOCH Po lim e Z2 A2 B2 C2 HO C H (NO2 )3 Chỳ ý :Axit picric : C H5 OH C6 H5ONa + CH2 =CH-COONa + H2 O CH2 =CH-COOC6 H5 + 2NaOH HNO3 Y tỏc d ng v i NaOH theo t l mol 1:2 ỏp ỏn: A Giỏo viờn: V Kh c Ng c Ngu n: Hocmai.vn T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - 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