drill and blast

Workflow The process described in this tutorial is outlined below: 1. Open blast design profile 2. Set up blast design defaults 3. Design blast hole collar pattern 4. Prime and load blast holes 5. Design the tie in pattern for firing 6. Up-load the blast design into the blast database 7. Create a true blast outline, using a blast destruction cone 8. Create a blast solid 9. Produce a blast report

Drill and Blast in Surpac 6.0 July 2007 www.gemcomsoftware.com Copyright © 2007 Gemcom Software International Inc (Gemcom) This software and documentation is proprietary to Gemcom and, except where expressly provided otherwise, does not form part of any contract Changes may be made in products or services at any time without notice Gemcom publishes this documentation for the sole use of Gemcom licensees Without written permission you may not sell, reproduce, store in a retrieval system, or transmit any part of the documentation For such permission, or to obtain extra copies please contact your local Gemcom office or visit www.gemcomsoftware.com While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, we assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damage resulting from the use of the information contained herein Gemcom Software International Inc Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and Whittle, Surpac, GEMS, Minex, Gemcom InSite and PCBC are trademarks of Gemcom Software International Inc or its wholly-owned subsidiaries Contributors Peter Esdale Rowdy Bristol Phil Jackson Kiran Kumar Product Gemcom Surpac 6.0 Table of Contents Introduction Requirements Objectives Workflow Concepts Drilling Blasting Getting Started Task: Setting the Work Directory Task: Opening the Blast Design Profile 10 Modifying Blast Design Defaults 11 Drilling Defaults Tab 11 Charging Defaults Tab 12 Rock Classifications Tab 12 Firing Defaults Tab 13 Rock Mass Classification (RMC) Polygons 14 Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons 15 Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden from Polygons 15 Task: Clip Blast Pattern to Area on the Top Bench 22 Task: Save the String File and Load Holes to the Blast Database 23 Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and Spacing 25 Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern 28 Task: Unload a blast pattern from the blast database 28 Task: Charge All Holes 29 Task: Tie in a Diagonal Firing Pattern 30 Task: Upload Tie in Pattern to the Blast Database 32 Task: Tie in a V Firing Pattern 34 Task: Tie in a Customised Firing Pattern 36 Create a Blast Boundary and Blast Solid 38 Task: Unload a Blast Pattern from the Blast Database 38 Task: Create Blast Boundary String 39 Task: Create Blast Solid 40 Create a Blast Report 41 Task: Recall the Pit Pickup String File and Blast Pattern 41 Task: Generate a Blast Summary Report 42 Task: Generate a Blast Work Order Report 43 Pre-split Holes 45 Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment 46 Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line 56 Blast Database Concepts 66 Tables and Fields in a Drill & Blast Database 66 Task: Creating a new Drill & Blast Database 67 Task: Upgrading a v5.0 Blast Database 69 Loading the Blast Database 70 Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database 70 Page of 79 Introduction The drill and blast module allows you to create and charge vertical and inclined holes in rectangular patterns, along segments, or in a straight line between any two points digitised on the screen Requirements Prior to proceeding with this tutorial, you will need: • • • Surpac 6.0 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set A good understanding of the basic Surpac concepts of strings, segments, DTMs, and string tools Objectives The objective of this tutorial is to allow you to create a blast design from start to finish, including all the intermediate steps needed to produce the final report It is not intended to be exhaustive in scope, but will show the workflow needed to achieve a result You can then refine and add to this workflow to meet your specific requirements Workflow The process described in this tutorial is outlined below: Open blast design profile Set up blast design defaults Design blast hole collar pattern Prime and load blast holes Design the tie in pattern for firing Up-load the blast design into the blast database Create a true blast outline, using a blast destruction cone Create a blast solid Produce a blast report Page of 79 Concepts There are several terms and concepts particular to this tutorial which will be explained here Note that not all terms are the same in all countries, and you may need to apply your preferred terminology where applicable Much of the terminology associated with this document is specific to the mining and quarrying industries Drilling Drilling parameters which are customisable include: Bearing - also referred to as azimuth Burden – the distance between rows Collar - the starting point of a drill hole Diameter – the diameter of drill hole in units of measure (ie metres or feet) Dip – the angle of a hole above or below the horizontal Pattern - a set of blast holes which will be collectively drilled, sampled, charged, and blasted An example of a pattern is shown below Each dot represents one blasthole Spacing – the distance between holes in a row Subdrill distance - extra drilling length to add to each hole Toe - the bottom or ending point of a drill hole is referred to as the toe A line defining the base point of a slope may also be referred to as a toe Page of 79 Concepts Drilling Presplit Holes Often holes are drilled at relatively close spacing along a planned fracture plane These holes are referred to in Surpac as presplit holes Surpac can create presplit holes along a straight line or along a segment The example below shows presplit holes created along a segment, and in a straight line One set of holes are created from one segment, the crest of a bench, to another segment, the toe of the ramp The horizontal holes, which could be used as drains in a pit wall, or for sampling, were created along a straight line An example of presplit holes is shown: Blast Boundary A blast boundary can be generated for a designed pattern using blast cones around each drill hole The outermost segments of each cone are joined up to create the blast boundary Page of 79 Concepts Drilling Blast Solid A blast solid can be generated by using the blast boundary and projecting it down to a design elevation or to a DTM surface Tie in patterns A tie in pattern can be generated using one of the standard templates, or you can select holes/tie in lines individually to generate a customised pattern Page of 79 Concepts Blasting Blasting Charging parameters which are customisable include: Booster name –may be selected from Anzomex G (PG), Anzomex H (PH), Anzomex K (PK), Anzomex P (PPE), Anzomex PP D (PPD), Anzomex PP P (PPPE), Jumbo prime (PJ) or Stopeprime (PSP DL) Charge depth - can be automatically adjusted to hole depth Charge interval - multiple charge intervals separated by stemming are allowed Database - All of the drilling and blasting information for each hole can be saved to a database Surpac supports MS-Access(TM), and any database connectable via ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) The recommended database type is MS-Access(TM) Delay time (in milliseconds) - defaults to 400 milliseconds Depth of stemming - rock chips, dirt, or other non-explosive material placed on top of the charge Detonator name -, may be selected from Excel LP, Nonel LP, Nonel MS, connectadet or enduradet Detonator position in the hole –may be selected from top, middle or bottom of the hole Explosive - may be selected from ANFO 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0, Power Gel, air or stemming Reports and Volume Calculations The drill and blast module can generate three report types: • Blast summary - The blast summary report gives a rundown of all the blast design and costing details, including such things as total drilling length, explosive products, mass of explosive down each hole, powder factor, blast volume, drilling cost and explosive cost • Pattern setout - The pattern setout report contains a list of hole numbers and their coordinates • Work order - The work order report gives details of the total number of explosive products to be used in a blast, including such things as number and type of detonators in the blast, total mass of explosive, kilograms of explosive per hole and number of boosters required Page of 79 Getting Started Overview The following will be presented in this chapter: • Setting the work directory • Opening the blast design profile A work directory is the default directory for saving Surpac files Files used in this tutorial are stored in the folder: \demo_data\tutorials\drill_and_blast where is the directory in which Surpac was installed Task: Setting the Work Directory In the Surpac Navigator, right-click the drill_and_blast folder From the popup menu, select Set as work directory The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window Page of 79 Getting Started Task: Opening the Blast Design Profile Task: Opening the Blast Design Profile Open Surpac and it will start either in the no profile mode, or in a previously set default profile Right click in the area immediately to the right of the Help menu and choose Profiles, and then blastdesign If you wish to set this as your default profile every time you start Surpac, right click in the area immediately to the right of the Help Menu and choose Profiles then Set current as default For more information on setting up profiles and customising menus and toolbars, see the Introduction to Surpac tutorial Page 10 of 79 Pre-split Holes 15 Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line Spin the data around on the screen You should see something like the image shown: 16 Save the file as pattern940-3.str If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run 06a_presplit_holes_segment.tcl and 06b_presplit_holes_line.tcl which will run through all the steps in this chapter of the tutorial Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt “Click in graphics to continue” in the message window, you will need to click in graphics Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented Page 65 of 79 Blast Database Concepts Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: • Tables and Fields in a Drill & Blast Database • Creating a New Database for Drill & Blast • Upgrading an Existing Blast Database Tables and Fields in a Drill & Blast Database The tables and fields for a drill and blast database are as shown TABLES Collar Survey Translation Sample Styles Charging hole_id hole_id table_name hole_id code hole_id y depth field_name samp_id field_name samp_id x dip code depth_from from_value depth_from z azimuth num_equiv depth_to graphics_colour depth_to graphics_pattern explosive hole_path line_colour detonator blast_pattern line_style delay blasting_method line_weight booster delay marker_size det_position drill_rig marker_style Num_of_ boosters ground_water_level plotting_colour Num_of dets hole_diameter plotting_pattern rock_class style_type subdrill table_name surface_delay to_value max_depth FIELDS description Page 66 of 79 Blast Database Concepts Task: Creating a new Drill & Blast Database Task: Creating a new Drill & Blast Database Click the Reset graphics icon Choose Database > Open database Note: Make sure you are using the Blast Database menu, and not the one from the Geological Database menu Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Click Apply Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Page 67 of 79 Blast Database Concepts Task: Creating a new Drill & Blast Database Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply At this point a database is created and a connection is made to the database as shown in the status bar at the bottom of the screen Choose Database > Close database to disconnect from the database Page 68 of 79 Blast Database Concepts Task: Upgrading a v5.0 Blast Database Task: Upgrading a v5.0 Blast Database Choose Database > Upgrade blast database Note: Make sure you are using the Database menu from the Drill and Blast menu bar and not from the Geological Database menu Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Click Yes Page 69 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Overview The following concept will be presented in this chapter: • Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Choose Database > Open database Note: Make sure you are using the Database menu from the drill and blast menu bar and not from the geological database menu Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Choose File > Open > string/DTM file Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Page 70 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Choose Database > Upload blast holes into database Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Page 71 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Following is an explanation of each field on the form: Overwrite with new blast holes If one or more holes in the blast hole layer have exactly the same hole id (name) as holes already in the database, then you can select whether or not to overwrite the existing data in the database with this data If duplicate holes exist and Overwrite is set to "Y", all data in any table in the database with a hole id which is listed under "Duplicate Blast Holes" will be deleted Collar and survey information (and optionally, sample and charging data) for the new holes will be loaded into the database If duplicate holes exist and Overwrite is set to "N", the database will be left untouched, and none of the data from the blast hole layer will be loaded to the database As an example, if a hole named 950-801 exists in the database, with data in the collar, survey, and sample table, and you select to overwrite it, all of the data pertaining to hole 950-801 in the collar, survey, and sample tables will be deleted Load sample data If you select "Y", you will be prompted to enter the name of an interval table Sample intervals will be created in the nominated table If you select "N", you will not be prompted to enter a table name No new sample intervals will be created in any table in the database (Sample) Table name The sample table selected here must be an interval type of table (i.e., the table must contain the following fields as a minimum: TABLE NAME SAMPLE hole_id samp_id FIELD NAMES depth_from depth_to It is not necessary to have sample element fields in order to create sample intervals In the example immediately above, the SAMPLE table only contains hole_id, samp_id, depth_from, and depth_to It does not contain any sample element fields, such as gold, silver, copper, ash_content, DDT_ppm, etc., and yet it is acceptable to load sample intervals into such a table Fields may be added afterward with the ADD FIELD option Additional rows of data will be written to the nominated table The hole_id will be taken from the string data in the blast hole layer The samp_id will be taken from the sample prefix, suffix, and sample id method chosen The fields depth_from and depth_to will be calculated from the sampling method selected Page 72 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Sample prefix All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample ID) Any characters which you wish to precede the alphanumeric portion of the sample name can be entered here You can use the characters "%ID%" to represent the hole ID For example, if the hole ID was 940, and you wanted the samples to be numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "%ID%-" as the sample prefix The sample prefix may be left blank If it is blank, the samples will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc or A, B, C, etc Increment start All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample ID), starting at the number or letter specified here For example, if you wanted the first sample number to be 101, the second sample to be numbered 102, the third sample to be numbered 103, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 101 Sample Suffix All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample ID) Any characters which you wish to come after the alphanumeric portion of the sample name can be entered here For example, if you wanted the samples to be numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the sample suffix The sample suffix may be left blank If it is blank, the samples will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc or A, B, C, etc Padding Length and Padding Character To insure that samples are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to "pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character For example, if you wanted samples numbered ABC-001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad Character to "0" Increment method Either continuous or reset at each hole If you want your samples to start incrementing at each new hole, use reset at each hole If you want your sample numbers at the start of each hole to be one greater than the value at the end of the previous hole, use continuous For example, if you were taking two samples per hole, and set Increment method to reset at each hole, Sample prefix to %ID%-, Increment start to "A", and were starting with hole ID DH5, you would get sample ids of: DH5-A, DH5-B, DH6-A, DH6-B, DH7-A, DH7-B If you were taking two samples per hole, and set Increment method to "continuous", Sample prefix to %ID%-, Increment start to "A", and were starting with hole ID DH5, you would get sample ids of: DH5-A, DH5-B, DH6-C, DH6-D, DH7-E, DH7-F Page 73 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Below are some examples of sample ids: Sample Increment Pad Pad Sample Increment Hole ID Example Sample ID Prefix 950-8 Start Length Character Suffix Method 0 continuous 0 continuous A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 950-8 %ID%_ 0 950-8_1, 950-8_2, continuous 950-8_3, 950-9_1, 950-9_2 950-8 %ID%- A 0 950-8-A, 950-8-B, continuous 950-8-C, 950-9-A, 950-9-B DH3 BM 98 continuous BM098, BM099, BM100, BM101, BM102 DH3 %ID% _ reset DH3_1, DH3_2, DH3_3, DH4_1, DH4_2 DH04 %ID%- 0 reset DH04-1a, DH04-2a, DH04-3a, DH05-1a, DH05-2a, 950-8 A a 1, 2, 3, 4, Sampling method and Sample length(s) Either fixed length, varying lengths, or single sample If you select fixed length, sample increments will be created at the sample length specified down the hole If you enter a sample length shorter than the hole length, multiple samples per hole are possible If you enter a sample length equal to the hole length, you will get one sample per hole If you enter a sample length longer than the hole length, the sample length will be equal to the hole length If you select varying lengths, sample increments of uneven length will be created at the set of sample lengths entered The sample lengths must be separated by semicolons For example, if you wanted samples from to 1, to 4, and to 9, you would enter 1;4;9 If you select single sample, you will get one sample per hole If you leave sample length(s) blank, the sample will be equal to the length of the hole If you enter a sample length equal to or shorter than the hole length, the sample will be set to that length If you enter a sample length longer than the hole length, the sample length will be set equal to the length of the hole Page 74 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database End sample method The end sample method allows you to select how to deal with the last sample in a hole, in the case where the depth_to value of the last sample is not equal to the hole length Where the depth_to value of the last sample is equal to the end of the hole, the End sample method is irrelevant The options for End sample method are: ignore partial sample, include partial sample, extend to hole length, extend on tolerance, or include if length If you select ignore partial sample, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be ignored For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be ignored Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 IGNORE PARTIAL SAMPLE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 50 If you select include partial sample, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as a partial sample For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be included as a sample of 3m Page 75 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 IGNORE PARTIAL SAMPLE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 50 DH3 DH3_6 50 53 If you select extend to hole length, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as part of the last sample For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the last sample in the hole would be adjusted to be from 40m to 53m Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 EXTEND TO HOLE LENGTH hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 53 Page 76 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database If you select extend on tolerance, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as part of the last sample if it is with the specified end of hole tolerance value For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the last sample in the hole would be adjusted to be from 40m to 53m if the end hole tolerance was greater than 3m, otherwise the over drill would be ignored with the last sample being from 40m to 50m Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 End hole tolerance distance: EXTEND ON TOLERANCE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 53 Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 End hole tolerance distance: EXTEND ON TOLERANCE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 50 If you select include if length, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as a partial sample if it is of at least the specified minimum length for a sample For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be included as a sample of 3m providing the specified minimum distance for a sample was greater than 3m Page 77 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 Minimum distance: INCLUDE IF MIN LENGTH hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 50 DH3 DH3_6 50 53 Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 Minimum distance: INCLUDE IF MIN LENGTH hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3 DH3_1 10 DH3 DH3_2 10 20 DH3 DH3_3 20 30 DH3 DH3_4 30 40 DH3 DH3_5 40 50 After the database is loaded, you will see a text file pop up with the results of loading the database An example report is shown below: Page 78 of 79 Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database This report indicates that the data was loaded successfully, and that any partial sample increments at the end of the hole were disregarded If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run 07_blast_database.tcl Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt “Click in graphics to continue” in the message window, you will need to click in graphics Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented Page 79 of 79 [...]... information Drilling Defaults Tab 1 Choose Blast design > Drill and Blast Settings The Blast Design Defaults form will open on the Drilling Defaults tab as shown: Notice the panel for Drill Rigs By right clicking the row number and selecting Add, you can add the names of any drill rigs you have on site to this list The drill rig can then be assigned to a blast pattern when designing a blast Page 11... 18 of 79 Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden from Polygons Spacing input You have three choices: • Modify burden and spacing by polygon will use the burden and spacing defined in the blast design defaults file Setting up these polygons and the blast design defaults has already been explained in the chapter Modify Blast Design Defaults... larger than you wish to blast and then trim the blast 4 Click and drag an area similar to that shown Page 15 of 79 Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden from Polygons Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons 5 By holding down the right mouse button to rotate the selected area, and holding down the left mouse button to move the selected area, orientate the blast pattern to align with... Apply on any forms presented Page 14 of 79 Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: • Creating blast patterns using the auto spacing and burden from polygons option • Saving the blast pattern and loading the holes to the blast database Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden from Polygons 1 2 Open bench960_950.str... a pattern from a blast database back into string file format Choose Database > Upload blast holes into database Note: Make sure you are using the Blast Database menu as shown, and not the one from the Geological Database menu Page 23 of 79 Task: Save the String File and Load Holes to the Blast Database Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons 4 Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply... original pattern stored in the blast database with the new information Page 24 of 79 Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and Spacing Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and Spacing 1 2 3 4 Click the Reset graphics icon Open bench960_950.str Open multiple_rmc_zones.str Choose Blast design > Create blast pattern You are prompted... this chapter: • Unload a blast pattern from the blast database into a string file format • Charging blast holes • Tie in a firing pattern • Upload firing pattern to blast database Task: Unload a blast pattern from the blast database 1 2 3 4 Click the Reset graphics icon Open bench960_950.str Choose Database > Download blast holes from database Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply 5 Enter... to animate the blast Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Page 31 of 79 Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Upload Tie in Pattern to the Blast Database Task: Upload Tie in Pattern to the Blast Database 1 2 Choose Database >Upload blast holes into database Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply Note: Make sure you tick the option to Overwrite with new blast holes, as... spacing and burden from polygons option ie drag the polygon file into graphics last For this chapter of the tutorial you are going to design a blast pattern for the upper bench in the pit pickup, and align it with one section of the “free face” 3 Choose Blast Design > Create blast pattern You are prompted to Select area for blasting holes In this case, you will select an area larger than you wish to blast. .. choice of either Burden and Spacing or Number of holes • If you select Burden and Spacing, you will be prompted for the burden (distance between rows) and the spacing (distance between holes in a row) The number of holes in each direction is calculated based on the grid height and grid width, and is displayed on the Blast pattern design form For example, if the grid height is 120, and the burden is 10,