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A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words A.O.B AOL abbr used at the end of the list of subjects to be abbr American corporation headquartered in Virginia, discussed at a meeting or conference owner and operator of on line and interactive computer services Forms: any other business Forms: America Online –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ASAP a.m abbr quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast abbr morning; time before noon; hours between midnight and noon Forms: as soon as possible (asap, a.s.a.p., A.S.A.P.) Forms: ante meridiem (am, A.M, AM) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abbreviation abide n shortened form of a word or word combination v to comply; to obey; to conform; to stay; to tolerate Forms: plural: abbreviations Forms: abided; abided; abiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ability able n skill; talent; aptitude; capacity; power adj competent; talented; apt Forms: plural: abilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abolish abound v to cancel; to revoke v to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with Forms: abolished; abolished; abolishing Forms: abounded; abounded; abounding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above above prep over; higher than; more than n something previously mentioned or indicated Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above above adj mentioned earlier in the same text adv overhead; over; in a higher place –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abreast abroad adv side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date; adv in another country; outside; widely well-informed –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– absence absent n failure to appear; state of being away; state of being adj preoccupied; lost in thought not present Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words absorb absorbed v to suck up; take up; take in adj treated as an expense Forms: absorbed; absorbed; absorbing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abundant abuse adj plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with v to injure; to harm; to mistreat Forms: abused; abused; abusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abuse accelerate n maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language v to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to speed something up Forms: no plural Forms: accelerated; accelerated; accelerating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accelerator accept n gas pedal of a motor vehicle v to receive; to agree; to consent Forms: plural: accelerators Forms: accepted; accepted; accepting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acceptance access n act of receiving; approval; state of believing in v to gain entrance to; to get at something Forms: no plural Forms: accessed; accessed; accessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– access accident n approach; entry; permission to enter a computer n casualty; misadventure; mishap; failure system or network and/or retrieve data Forms: no plural Forms: plural: accidents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accommodate accommodation v to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging n housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment Forms: accommodated; accommodated; accommodating Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accompany accomplish v to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach v to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform Forms: accompanied; accompanied; accompanying Forms: accomplished; accomplished; accomplishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words accomplishment accord n fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement v to give; to match; to fit; to complement Forms: plural: accomplishments Forms: accorded; accorded; according –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accord accordance n agreement; settlement; harmony n conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability Forms: no plural Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– account account v to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard n business arrangement; client; funds deposited in a bank Forms: accounted; accounted; accounting Forms: plural: accounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accountant accounting n a person who keeps financial records; a person who n a system of recording and analyzing financial conducts financial audits transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement Forms: plural: accountants Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accredit accrue v to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license v to compile; to increase; to accumulate; to grow Forms: accredited; accredited; accrediting Forms: accrued; accrued; accruing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accuracy achieve n preciseness; exactness v to obtain; to attain; to perform; to accomplish Forms: no plural Forms: achieved; achieved; achieving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– achievement acquaint n performance; operation; attainment; mission; success v to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce someone Forms: plural: achievements Forms: acquainted; acquainted; acquainting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acquaintance acquainted n person that you have met but not know well; adj familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware knowledge of something; familiarity Forms: plural: acquaintances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words acquire acquisition v to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain n purchase; something that has been purchased or obtained Forms: acquired; acquired; acquiring Forms: plural: acquisitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acronym actual n a word which is formed from the first letters of several adj substantial; real; tangible; current words; i.e TOEIC or NATO Forms: plural: acronyms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ad ad n informal word for a commercial announcement pref toward; at Forms: plural: ads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adamant adamant n something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to adj unyielding; firm; hard; unbending diamond Forms: plural: adamants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adapt addiction v to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit n devotion to a certain habit; dependency Forms: adapted; adapted; adapting Forms: plural: addictions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– addition additional n supplement; mathematical operation adj extra; supplemental Forms: plural: additions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– additive address n supplement v to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific destination; to refer to Forms: plural: additives Forms: addressed; addressed; addressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– address adept n location; description of a location adj proficient; skilled; expert Forms: plural: addresses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words adept adequate n person who is an expert; person who is skilled adj sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper Forms: plural: adepts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adhere adjourn v to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group, v to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to organization etc.) another place Forms: adhered; adhered; adhering Forms: adjourned; adjourned; adjourning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adjust adjustable rate v to modify; to adapt; to fit; to arrange; to settle n an interest percentage that changes over time Forms: adjusted; adjusted; adjusting Forms: plural: adjustable rates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adjustment administer n adaption; settlement of an insurance claim v to manage; to supervise; to supply; to dispense Forms: plural: adjustments Forms: administered; administered; administering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– administration administrative n management; supervisors; leadership adj managerial; executive Forms: plural: administrations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admirable admiration adj worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful; n enchantment; affection; adoration marvelous Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admission admit n entrance; permission to enter; confession v to confess to something; to allow entrance; to accept as valid Forms: no plural Forms: admitted; admitted; admitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admonish ado v to warn; to scold; to reprove n commotion; flurry; excitement Forms: admonished; admonished; admonishing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words adopt adorn v to form a relationship with another person v to decorate; to beautify Forms: adopted; adopted; adopting Forms: adorned; adorned; adorning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adroit adult adj alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept n opposite of child; a grown-up; a mature person Forms: plural: adults –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adult advance adj mature; full grown adj beforehand –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advance advance n progress; modernization; promotion v to progress; to promote; to make a payment before it is due Forms: plural: advances Forms: advanced; advanced; advancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advancement advantage n forward movement; progress; promotion n benefit; profit; utility; avail Forms: plural: advancements Forms: plural: advantages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advantage adverse opinion v to help; to assist; to promote; to be beneficial to n one of several separate payments into which a debt has been divided; section; portion Forms: advantaged; advantaged; advantaging Forms: plural: adverse opinions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adversely adversity adv unfavorably; in a manner that works against; n misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering antagonistically Forms: plural: adversities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advert advert v to refer to; to comment on; to draw attention to n public announcement or printed notice designed to attract attention Forms: adverted; adverted; adverting Forms: plural: adverts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words advertise advertisement v to promote; to draw attention to; to publicize n commercial information designed to attract attention; commercial Forms: advertised; advertised; advertising Forms: plural: advertisements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advice advise n counsel; guidance; specific information; hint v to counsel; to offer guidance; to notify; to inform Forms: no plural Forms: advised; advised; advising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advisor affect n a person who provides guidance; consultant; counselor v to influence Forms: plural: advisors; other spelling version: adviser Forms: affected; affected; affecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– affiliate affiliate n partner company; distributor v to join with; to connect to; to become attached to Forms: plural: affiliates Forms: affiliated; affiliated; affiliating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– affiliation affinity n connection; attachment n attraction; closeness; liking; likeness Forms: plural: affiliations Forms: plural: affinities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– afford age v to be able to pay for; to supply; to provide n period; era; generation Forms: afforded; afforded; affording Forms: plural: ages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– age agency v to grow older; to mature n office; bureau; institution; franchise; method Forms: aged; aged; aging Forms: plural: agencies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agenda agent n schedule; calendar; outline of things to be done n representative; rep; factor; cause Forms: plural: agendas Forms: plural: agents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aggregate aggregate v to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble adj collective; total; taking all units as a whole Forms: aggregated; aggregated; aggregating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words aggregate aging schedule n combination; conjunction; group; mixture n a list of accounts receivable Forms: plural: aggregates Forms: plural: aging schedules –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agree agreement v to consent; to concur; to suit; to have the same n pact; contract; accord; consent; concurrence opinion; to fit Forms: agreed; agreed; agreeing Forms: plural: agreements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ahead aid adv forward; in advance v to help; to assist Forms: aided; aided; aiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aid aim n help; assistance; accessory n purpose; goal; objective; target Forms: plural: aids Forms: plural: aims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aim aircraft v to try or to intend to achieve something; to direct; to n any vehicle which can be flown (i.e helicopter) plan; to aspire Forms: aimed; aimed; aiming Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– airport airways n place used by planes for takeoff and landing n route through traveled by vehicles above ground level Forms: plural: airports Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aisle alert n passage; walkway (between rows of seats or shelves) adj ready; attentive; quick; agile Forms: plural: aisles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alert alert n warning; alarm; attitude of readiness v to warn; to put on standby; to alarm Forms: plural: alerts Forms: alerted; alerted; alerting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words alive allay adj active; attentive v to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain Forms: allayed; allayed; allaying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alleviate alliance v to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to soften; to lessen n pact; treaty; connection; relationship Forms: alleviated; alleviated; alleviating Forms: plural: alliances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allot allow v to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a v to permit; to enable special purpose Forms: allotted; allotted; allotting Forms: allowed; allowed; allowing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allowance already n grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; deduction adv previously; before a certain time Forms: plural: allowances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alter alternate v to change; to modify adj rotating; one after the other; interchanging Forms: altered; altered; altering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alternate alternative v to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute n choice; option Forms: alternated; alternated; alternating Forms: plural: alternatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– although altitude conj despite the fact that; in spite of the fact that n height; distance above sea level Forms: plural: altitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambiguity ambiguous n vagueness; lack of clarity adj open to dispute; obscure; vague Forms: plural: ambiguities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambition ambitious n aspiration; hope; goal; dream adj aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort Forms: plural: ambitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ambivalence amend n state of having both positive and negative feelings v to change; to alter; to improve towards a subject Forms: no plural Forms: amended; amended; amending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amortization amount n gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of v to come to a sum; to become; to total an asset Forms: plural: amortizations Forms: amounted; amounted; amounting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amount ample n quantity; sum adj much; plenty; large; spacious Forms: plural: amounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– analysis analyze n process of breaking down a subject and studying it; v to examine; to break down into parts and study (as in a examination subject) Forms: no plural Forms: analyzed; analyzed; analyzing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anchor anchor v to attach firmly; to fasten tightly n newsreader; broadcaster Forms: anchored; anchored; anchoring Forms: plural: anchors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anger anger v to irritate; to infuriate; to enrage n rage; fury Forms: angered; angered; angering Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– angle angle v to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction n point of view; perspective Forms: angled; angled; angling Forms: plural: angles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anniversary announcement n yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday n declaration; notice; the act of informing the public Forms: plural: anniversaries Forms: plural: announcements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 10 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words travel traveler v to go on a journey; to move; to go from one place to n one who makes a journey another Forms: traveled; traveled; traveling Forms: plural: travelers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tray treasure n flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter v to put away for future use Forms: plural: trays Forms: treasured; treasured; treasuring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treat treat n delight; refreshment or entertainment given to its v to relate to; to deal with; to process; to pay for recipient without cost Forms: plural: treats Forms: treated; treated; treating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treatment treaty n therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior n formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract Forms: plural: treatments Forms: plural: treaties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tremendous trespasser adj very great in numbers; huge; powerful n one who damages a person or his property or rights Forms: plural: trespassers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trial trial n test; attempt; experiment; annoyance adj experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample Forms: plural: trials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– triangle trivial n shape having three sides and three corners; group of adj trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor three Forms: plural: triangles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trouble trouble n problem; misfortune; annoyance; cause of worry v to worry; to cause concern; to annoy; to bother; to disturb Forms: plural: troubles Forms: troubled; troubled; troubling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 211 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words truly trust adv really; genuinely n confidence; faith; credit; monopoly; several companies banded together in order to reduce competition Forms: plural: trusts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trust trustee v to rely on; to extend business credit n person granted legal custodianship over property not belonging to him Forms: trusted; trusted; trusting Forms: plural: trustees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trustee turnover v to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over n gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or property not belonging to them producing Forms: trusteed; trusteed; trusteeing Forms: plural: turnovers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– twice adv doubly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 212 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ultimately unable adv in the end; eventually adj not capable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unauthorized unbiased adj unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful adj impartial; equitable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uncertain uncertainty adj doubtful; not reliable; ambiguous n doubtfulness Forms: plural: uncertainties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unconventional undercut adj not standard; not ordinary n type of beef tenderloin; type of cavity with a broad base Forms: plural: undercuts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– undercut underestimate v to offer at lower prices than the competition; to v to assign too low a value to weaken; to undermine Forms: undercut; undercut; undercutting Forms: underestimated; underestimated; underestimating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– underline underline n caption beneath an illustration v to emphasize Forms: plural: underlines Forms: underlined; underlined; underlining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– understatement underway n representing something less strongly than what the adj having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel); facts would justify initiated; in progress; under construction Forms: plural: understatements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfair unforeseen adj biased; dishonest adj not anticipated; not expected –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfortunately unify adv regrettably v to join; to cause to become one Forms: unified; unified; unifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words union unique n workers' association; federation; amalgamation adj singular; matchless; rare Forms: plural: unions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uniqueness unit n singularity; individuality; incomparability n specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination which acts a whole; piece Forms: no plural Forms: plural: units –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unjudged unless adj objective conj not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unlimited unlock adj infinite; boundless v to open; to free from restraints; to release Forms: unlocked; unlocked; unlocking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unnecessary unsanitary adj excessive; redundant; superfluous adj not healthful; not clean –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unsatisfactory until adj inadequate; disappointing; not good enough prep up to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– until unveil conj up to the time which v to reveal; to uncover; to disclose Forms: unveiled; unveiled; unveiling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upcoming update adj about to happen; imminent n more current version of something Forms: plural: updates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– update upgrade v to modernize; to make current n the process of installing a newer and more powerful version of a software package or a piece of hardware Forms: updated; updated; updating Forms: plural: upgrades –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 214 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words upgrade upholstery v to improve; to raise the quality of n materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture (i.e fabric, lining, padding, etc.) Forms: upgraded; upgraded; upgrading Forms: plural: upholsteries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upon upwards prep on; atop adv to a higher level; more than; higher than –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urban urbanize adj pertaining to a city; municipal v to make into a city Forms: urbanized; urbanized; urbanizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urgent use adj pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt n function; utilization; benefit; advantage; consumption Forms: plural: uses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– use useful v to practice; to employ; to exploit; to treat; to consume adj functional; practical; applicable Forms: used; used; using –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– useless usual adj not functional; not practical adj common; regular; ordinary –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– usually utilization adv commonly; generally; regularly n the proportion of available time that an item of equipment is operating Forms: plural: utilizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– utilize v to put to practical use; to take advantage of Forms: utilized; utilized; utilizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 215 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words vacancy vacant n emptiness; available position; job opening adj empty; unfilled; unoccupied; lacking expression Forms: plural: vacancies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacation vacation n holiday v to go on holiday Forms: plural: vacations Forms: vacationed; vacationed; vacationing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vaccinate vaccination v to render insusceptible to a disease by inoculating n act or instance of rendering insusceptible to disease by inoculating Forms: vaccinated; vaccinated; vaccinating Forms: plural: vaccinations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacillate valid v to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver adj legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; logical; well-founded Forms: vacillated; vacillated; vacillating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– validate valuable v to confirm; to sanction; to legalize n something of great worth Forms: validated; validated; validating Forms: plural: valuables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– valuable value adj of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important n monetary or material worth; importance; merit Forms: plural: values –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– value van v to esteem; to cherish; to assess; to estimate n large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people Forms: valued; valued; valuing Forms: plural: vans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– variation variety n degree of diversity; change; modified version; deviation n assortment; kind; sort Forms: plural: variations Forms: plural: varieties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 216 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words various vary adj assorted; different; individual; several v to alter; to change; to fluctuate Forms: varied; varied; varying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vast vat adj large; enormous; huge n large container; tank; tub Forms: plural: vats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vegetable vegetarian n plant; edible fruit of a plant n one who does not eat meat; herbivore Forms: plural: vegetables Forms: plural: vegetarians –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vehicle veil n means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; n netting attached to a woman's hat medium Forms: plural: vehicles Forms: plural: veils –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– veil vending machine v to cover; to hide n automated device used for selling items Forms: veiled; veiled; veiling Forms: plural: vending machines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vendor venture n salesman; supplier; automatic machine for selling n an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, or of goods uncertain outcome Forms: plural: vendors Forms: plural: ventures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– venture veracity v to take a risk in order to achieve a goal n truthfulness; something that is a truth Forms: ventured; ventured; venturing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– verify versatile v to confirm the truth of something adj fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to many things Forms: verified; verified; verifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 217 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words version vessel n particular form of something; variant; rendering; n large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; translation container Forms: plural: versions Forms: plural: vessels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viable victim adj capable of living; having a reasonable chance of n person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.) succeeding; practical Forms: plural: victims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viewpoint vilify n attitude; stance; opinion v to slander; to defame Forms: plural: viewpoints Forms: vilified; vilified; vilifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– violation virtual n transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape adj imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated Forms: plural: violations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– virtual visibility n computerized representation of an actual object n quality of being clearly seen Forms: no plural Forms: plural: visibilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visible visit adj in view; observable; obvious; apparent n temporary stay somewhere; instance of spending time with a person or group of people; inspection Forms: plural: visits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visit visitor v to stay somewhere temporarily; to make an official n guest; migrating bird inspection Forms: visited; visited; visiting Forms: plural: visitors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vital vivid adj lively; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary adj lively; bright; dazzling; clear; graphic –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 218 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words vocabulary voice n lexicon; list of words and their definitions in n sound produced in the throat; expression; language alphabetical order Forms: plural: vocabularies Forms: plural: voices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voice volunteer v to raise an opinion; to adjust the tone of n one who offers his services of his own free will or without pay Forms: voiced; voiced; voicing Forms: plural: volunteers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– volunteer voucher v to offer to or give something for free; to propose n certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt; authorizer; endorser Forms: volunteered; volunteered; volunteering Forms: plural: vouchers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voyage voyage n trip; journey; travel; cruise v to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey Forms: plural: voyages Forms: voyaged; voyaged; voyaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 219 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wait wait n staying where one is; expectation; ambush v to be ready or available; to work as an attendant; to postpone Forms: plural: waits Forms: waited; waited; waiting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waiter waitress n one who serves tables at a restaurant or pub n woman who serves tables in a restaurant or pub Forms: plural: waiters Forms: plural: waitresses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wallet wallpaper n small purse used to carry money and personal n picture or design used as a background for the other documents; billfold; handbag images in a graphical user interface Forms: plural: wallets Forms: plural: wallpapers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warehouse warehouse n depot; wholesale store; large retail store v to store in a large building Forms: plural: warehouses Forms: warehoused; warehoused; warehousing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warning warning n caution; advice about danger; advance notice adj cautioning; giving advice about danger Forms: plural: warnings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warranty waste n guarantee; authority; justification n misuse; loss; rubbish; garbage; sewage Forms: plural: warranties Forms: plural: wastes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waste watch adj leftover; unused; desolate; desert; destroyed n small clock that is usually worn on the wrist; guarding; observation Forms: plural: watches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– watch waver v to see; to look; to pay attention; to supervise v to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate Forms: watched; watched; watching Forms: wavered; wavered; wavering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 220 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words weak weakness adj frail; feeble; faint; dilute; watery n drawback; disadvantage; defect; foible Forms: plural: weaknesses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wealth weapon n richness; prosperity; capital; fortune; abundance n instrument for use in attack or defense in combat Forms: no plural Forms: plural: weapons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weigh weight v to consider; to be of a particular heaviness; to burden n heaviness; unit of mass; pressure; importance; influence Forms: weighed; weighed; weighing Forms: plural: weights –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weight whereas v to load; to oppress; to burden; to regard; to esteem n this being the case; since (used in formal documents) Forms: weighted; weighted; weighting Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whereas whether conj since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary conj if –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whole whole n totality; completeness; entirety adj complete; full; entire; healthy Forms: plural: wholes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– widespread width adj common; popular; extensive; prevalent n breadth; thickness Forms: plural: widths –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– will will n last testament listing inheritors of a dying person's v to want; to command; to determine; to decide property Forms: plural: wills Forms: willed; willed; willing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– willingness wire n readiness; agreeableness n cord; line; string; telegraph cable Forms: no plural Forms: plural: wires –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 221 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wire withdraw adj made of a thin flexible cord of metal v to take money from the bank; to retire; to remove Forms: withdrew; withdrawn; withdrawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– within withstand prep during v to bear; to endure Forms: withstood; withstood; withstanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– witness witness n testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony v to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for Forms: plural: witnesses Forms: witnessed; witnessed; witnessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wool work n fleece from some animals; frizzy hair n labor; task; profession; occupation; vocation; effort Forms: plural: wools Forms: plural: works –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– work workshop v to labor; to act; to operate; to activate; to process n seminar; brief intensive educational program; discussion group Forms: worked; worked; working Forms: plural: workshops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– worry worry n concern; fear; misfortune; distress v to be concerned; to harass; to advance through great effort Forms: plural: worries Forms: worried; worried; worrying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– would wrench v helping verb for use in a question; request or n violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning expression of desire bolts Forms: modal verb Forms: plural: wrenches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wrench write off v to pull by force; to twist; to cut off; to distort; to pervert v to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer) Forms: wrenched; wrenched; wrenching Forms: wrote off; written off; writing off –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 222 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wrong wrong n injustice; evil; bad; broken law; transgression v to cause suffering to; to behave unjustly toward Forms: plural: wrongs Forms: wronged; wronged; wronging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wry adj distorted; crooked; twisted; askew –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 223 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net Y 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words yearly yearly adj occurring once within 12 months adv annually –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yet yet adv still; already; but; in spite of; although conj but; in spite of; despite –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yield yield n harvest; return; produce; income; profit v to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.) Forms: plural: yields Forms: yielded; yielded; yielding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 224 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net Z 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ZIP n extension of an archived file compressed with a special program; type of drive using removable disks Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 225 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net

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