Form Yes No question - Expect only affirmation or rejection Wh-question - Expect a reply supplying an item of information + with an auxialiary verb + with an auxialiary verb We usually form wh-questions with wh- + an auxiliary verb (be, orhave) + subject + main verb or with wh- + a modal verb + subject + main verb: We form yes-no questions with an auxiliary verb (be, or have) + subject + main verb or with a modal verb + subject + main verb: Be: When are you leaving? Be: Is she working very hard? Do: Where they live? Do: Does that taste okay? Have: What has she done now? Have: Have they eaten yet? Modal: Who would she stay with? Modal: Could you help me lift this? Where there is no auxiliary verb be, have or modal verb already present in the statement, we use the auxiliary do, does, did: - Statement form (no auxiliary) (1) Without an auxiliary verb Warning: When what, who, which or whose is the subject or part of the subject, we not use the auxiliary We use the word order subject + verb: What fell off the wall? Which horse won? You usually walk to work - Question form (2) Do you usually walk to work? Not: Walk you…? (1) You liked disco music in the 70s (2) Did you like disco music in the 70s? Not: Liked you…? Who bought this? Whose phone rang? Compare - Who owns this bag? + Who is the subject of the sentence and this bag is the object We use no auxiliary verb - Who you love most? We don’t use an auxiliary verb when we use be as a main verb: Is she your sister? Not: Does she be your sister? Who is the object of the sentence and you is the subject We use the auxiliary verb Without an auxiliary verb When we ask yes-no questions using the main verb be, we don’t use an auxiliary verb The word order is: be + subject: Is the weather nice in Turkey in the winter? Was she angry when you told her about the accident? When we ask yes-no questions with the main verb have, we can also use the word order verb + subject, but it sounds rather formal We use have got and as more neutral or informal alternatives: Have you an identity card? (formal) Do you have an identity card? (neutral) Have you got an identity card? (informal) Warning: When we ask questions with the main verb have in the past to refer to possession, we use did … have rather than had … got: Did you have your glasses with you when you left the car? Had you got your glasses with you when you left the car? (less common) Respondin g Other ways of saying yes and no include yeah, yep, mm, okay, and nah, nope These are informal: A:Would you like to play tennis with me later? B: Okay (meaning yes) A: Have you seen Greg? B: Nope (meaning no) We can also give more than just a yes or no answer We sometimes add more information: A: Can I grow potatoes in a pot? Wh-questions ask for information and we not expect a yes-no answer to a whquestion We expect an answer which gives information: A: Where’s the coffee machine? (We expect an answer about the location of the coffee machine.) B: It’s in the room next to the reception A: How old is your dog? (We expect an answer about the age of the dog.) B: She’s about five I’m not very sure B: Yeah They grow really well in pots A:Will you be going to Ryan’s party? B: No I’m actually going to be away on Friday night Sometimes we don’t use yes or no as a reply but the answer that we give means yes or no: A: Do you know Tina Gomez? B: We’ve known each other for years We went to the same school (meaning yes) A: Do you have the Thrills latest album? B: I’m afraid we’ve just sold the last one! (meaning no) We sometimes respond using the auxiliary verb from the question instead of yes and no: A: Has Jason had breakfast? B: He hasn’t He’s still in bed Negative We usually use negative yesno questions to check or confirm something we believe or expect to be the case, or when we consider that something is the best thing to do: Isn’t that Pauline’s car? (I’m pretty sure that this is correct I’m asking for confirmation.) Shouldn’t we be leaving? (I think that we should leave now.) We form negative yesno questions with not We When we ask negative whquestions, we use the auxiliary verb when there is no other auxiliary or modal verb, even when the wh-word is the subject of the clause Affirmative with no auxiliary Who wants an ice cream? Which door opened? Negative with auxiliary Who doesn’t w an ice cream? Which door di open? usually use the contraction n’t If we use not in its full form, the question sounds very formal: Isn’t that the oldest building on this street? Warning: When using the full form not, the order auxiliary + subject (s) + not is more common than auxiliary + not + subject: [AUX][s]Is that [not]not the oldest building in this street? (formal) (preferred to [the very formal] Is not that the oldest building on this street?) - We can use negative yes-no question s to make invitations, offers and complaints stronger: Won’t you stay for dinner? (invitation; stronger than Will you stay for dinner?) Wouldn’t you like another coffee? (offer; stronger than Would you like another coffee?) Can’t the manager something about the noise? (complaint; stronger than Can the manager something about the noise?) Intonation The intonation of yes-no questions is normally either rising [rising↗ arrow] or fall-rising [down↘ up↗ arrow] intonation depending on the meaning If we not know the answer, we use rising intonation If we more or less know the answer and are looking for The intonation of wh-questions is normally falling The falling intonation is on the most important syllable: Where are the keys to the back door? ↘ Why are the lights red? ↘ When we ask wh-questions to check or clarify information that has already been given, we may use rising or fall-rising confirmation, we use fall-rising intonation: Are you warm↗ enough? Did you once live↘ in Ireland↗? (I think the answer is yes.) We often use fall-rising intonation with yes-no questions when asking a number of questions together: A: You’re living in ↘ Bayswater↗? [Question 1] B: Yeah That’s right A: Are you renting↘ your ↗ house? [Question 2] B: Yeah, we are A: Is it exp↘ensi↗ve? [Question 3] B: It’s not very expensive for somewhere so near the city centre #chuatomo intonation: What↗ did you say the time was? (I know you’ve told me before but I’ve forgotten.) Who↘ paid↗ for the meal?