Rules of consonants

Rule: /p/, /t/ and /k/ are very strong These consonants are fortis sounds in English We pronounce them with a lot of muscular effort You have to give them a lot of emphasis Packet Train Make Black Take Book People Critic Top Companion Your book is on the table Who took it? The cat is attacking the rat Put it in your pocket Just a moment ! They paint some pictures of people Can you pass the coffee cup? Time Come Example Picnic Pen Biscuit Ok Two Simple kate Rule: Omit the “g” in “-ng” Do not pronounce the “g” in the termination “-ng” Only pronounce “ nasal n”.To say “ nasal n” , open your mouth and elevate the back of your tongue Long Coming Waiting Reading Ring Going Song Playing Bang Sitting Reading is very interesting Armstrong is singing a song The meeting is taking long He is shouting and playing I’m finishing reading The wrong bell is ringing Writing Painting Following Ringing Beginning Strong Listening Wrong Finishing singing Rule : omit the “a” in “-pal” “-tal” “-cal” “-nal” “mal” We not pronounce the “a” in these terminations Only pronounce /pl/ for “-pal”, /tl/ for “-tal”, /kl/ for “cal”, /nl/ for “-nal”, and /ml/ for “-mal” Principal Municipal Capital Mortal Total Brutal Mental Accidental Chemical Practical Local Classical Internal Virginal Original Communal Animal Normal Mammal Formal Practice reading the following sentences Pay attention to the terminations She’s a typical local woman He’s the traditional logical man That’s a conventional political problem Some mammals are brutal animals Rule: omit “u” in “-ful” The “u” in termination “-ful” is never pronounced We only pronounce /fl/ for “-ful” Beautiful Careful Useful Artful Colourful Purposeful Handful Grateful Wonderful Doubtful Peaceful Meaningful Helpful Thankful Powerful Read carefully I’m grateful and thankful to you for this beautiful present She’s not sure, she’s doubtful Be careful with that wonderful picture! A dictionary is a very useful book Rule: omit “l” in “-alf”, “-alk”, “-alm” Never pronounce the “l” in these terminations Only pronounce / a:f / for “-alf”, / o:k / for “-alk”, and /a:m / for “-alm” Half Calf Chalk Walk Talk Psalm Palm Calm Read these phrases Half past one A nice calf A piece of chalk Go for a walk A quiet talk Sing a psalm Read my palm Stay calm Rule: omit “l” in “could”, “should”, “would” Read carefully I’m sorry I couldn’t help you You should be more careful Would you come here, please? Rule: realization and elision of “r” We pronounce “r” before a vowel, but we not pronounce it before a consonant Realization of “r” Before a vowel Read Road Mary Ring Rin Press Very Protect Sorry The doctor in the office The author of the book The player at the match Elision of “r” Before a silence or a consonant Teacher Doctor Modern The doctor works The author writes The player plays Actor Editor Form Center Car Authors Waiter Girl Order Rule: pronunciation of “the” “The” is pronounced “δ e” before a consonant The door The cat The house “The” is pronounced “δ I” before a vowel The apple The orange The institute Now read these phrases correctly: The door The open door The book The other book The rat The angry rat The horse The only horse Pass me the salt Remember: “u”, “y”, and “w” are semi-consonants Pronounce “δe” before them E.g.: The uniform The young boy The white house Is it “δ e” or “δ i” Shop Answer Girl Umbrella Husband University Egg Waiter Story Album Invention Yankee Kiss Arrest Hat Underground Computer Express Pronouncing "the" Normally, we pronounce "the" with a short sound (like "thuh") But when "the" comes before a vowel sound, we pronounce it as a long "thee" vowel sound we write we say A the apple thee apple E the egg thee egg I the ice-cream thee ice-cream O the orange thee orange U the ugly fruit thee ugly fruit It is important to understand that it is what we say that matters, not what we write It is the sound that matters, not the letter used in writing a word So we use a long "thee" before a vowel sound, not necessarily before a vowel Look at these cases: we write with we say with the house consonant (h) thuh house consonant sound the hour consonant (h) thee our vowel sound the university vowel (u) thuh youniversity consonant sound the umbrella vowel (u) thee umbrella vowel sound The pronounciation of “s” in the plural, possessive and third person singular of the simple present tense v+ -/z/ “s” v- -/s/ silibant -/iz/ V+ /z/ When the proceding sound has vibration, “s” is pronounced /z/ Plays Girls Doors Verbs Comes Runs Bill’s Does Calls Loves Sam’s Mary’s V- /s/ When the preceding sound has no vibration, “s” is pronounced /s/ Shorts Kate’s Books Sits Hopes Drinks Cups Writes Maps Thinks Marks Cloths Silibant /iz/ When the preceding sound is a silibant: /s/, /z/, /dΖ/, /tς/, /ς/or /Ζ/, the “s” is pronounced /iz/ Watches Organizes George’s Reaches Garages Crashes Closes Humanizes Judges James`s Switches Dances The pronunciation of “ed” in the past tense and past participle -ED V + /d/ V- /t/ “t” or “d” /id/ V+ /d/ When the preceding sound has vibration, “ed” is pronounced /d / ed Declined Loved Called Listened Opened Lived Phoned Combined Offered Married V- /t/ When the preceding sound has no vibration,“ed” is pronounced /t/ Parked Passed Watched Worked Switched Walked Matched Crashed Looked Danced Marked Reached T or D /id/ When the preceding sound is “t” or “d”, “ed” is pronounced /id/ Wanted Recorded Rested Started Divided Repeated Evaporated Dedicated Ended Waited Invented Needed Exceptions: The following adjectives ending in -ed are always pronounced with /Id/: Aged – Blessed – Crooked – Dogged – Learned – Naked – Ragged The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed For example: base verb (v1) past simple (v2) past participle (v3) work worked worked In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed For example: I like painted furniture The question is: How we pronounce the -ed? The answer is: In ways - /Id/ or /t/ or /d/ If the base verb ends in one of these sounds: example base verb*: example pronounce extra with -ed: the -ed: syllable? unvoiced /t/ want wanted voiced /d/ end ended /p/ hope hoped /f/ laugh laughed /s/ fax faxed /S/ wash washed /tS/ watch watched /k/ like liked play played allow allowed beg begged unvoiced voiced all other sounds, for example /Id/ yes /t/ no /d/ Note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/ Sounds commonly mispronounced Compare these pairs of sounds : B/V Practise pronouncing these contrasting pairs: Boat/vote Berry/very Bowels/vowels Lib/live Tb/tv Globe/glove Read correctly these words: Bag Gloves Board Very Volleyball Live Baseball Dive Back Black Bottle Drive Job Move Double Evening Book Have Body Tv Over Heavy Violin Vacant Begin Read these sentences: A big violin is over the tv This is a heavy bag of berries There’s a table in the living room The job is vacant Sounds commonly mispronounced Compare these pair of sounds: δ/d Contrasting pairs: There/dare They/day Those/doze Read these words correctly Mother Sunday Breathe Door That Under Father Inside Clothes This Dentist Together Somebody The Dog Now the sentences: Somebody opened the door That day was Sunday They don’t study together The dentist has dirty clothes Sounds commonly mispronounced Practice these contrasting sounds: θ/S Pronounce these contrasting sounds: thing/sing think/sink thumb/sum Read correctly the words Anything Something Thirsty Inside Birthday Song Bath Sun Thank Sometimes Sentence Third Send Everything Some Now read the sentences: I sometimes sing something in the bath The third sentence complicates everything Thank you for everything Sam was thirsty in his birthday