Xác định đúng từ loại cho trong ngoặc đơn.. Nếu điền tính từ adj ta chú ý đến nghĩa của câu để dùng tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định hay khẳng định.. 5Your sister can’t enjoy this film beca
Trang 1THỦ THUẬT LÀM BÀI TẬP VỀ WORD FORMATION :
I/ NHỮNG ĐIỂM CẦN LƯU Ý :
1 Xác định đúng từ loại cho trong ngoặc đơn Thường là verb, noun hoặc adjective
2 Xem chổ gạch trống cần điền từ loại nào thích hợp và biết từ loại tương ứng để điền đúng vào chổ chừa trống
Nếu điền động từ (verb) ta chú ý thì, dạng và số ít / nhiều
Nếu điền danh từ (noun) ta chú ý dạng số ít hay nhiều
Nếu điền tính từ (adj) ta chú ý đến nghĩa của câu để dùng tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định hay khẳng định
II/ CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI TRONG CÂU :
1 Chọn từ loại danh từ khi nó là thành tố chính làm chủ ngữ (S), tân ngữ (O) hoặc bổ ngữ (C)
Danh từ đặt sau A / AN / THE / THIS / THAT / MY / SOME / ANY / NO … sau các động từ chỉ hành động, đặt sau cùng trong noun phrase
2 Chọn từ loại tính từ khi nó làm bổ ngữ (C) theo sau các động từ liên hệ (linking verbs) như BE, BECOME, LOOK, SEEM, FEEL, GET, KEEP, MAKE (+ O) … hoặc nó làm từ bổ nghĩa (modifier) đứng trước danh từ và theo sau định từ (determiner) như A / THE / HIS, …
S + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE
A / THE + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
I VERB FORMS :
1 Verb + object + to – infinitive
(ask, tell, beg, request, advise, want, remind, would like, …)
Ex : Tom asked me to go out (go)
He advised his son not to go (not, go)
2 Verb + V – ING (Gerund)
(enjoy, avoid, finish, keep, stop, mind, …)
Ex : Stop talking Your father is sleeping (talk)
Do you enjoy reading books (read)
We saw him come in (come)
3 Verb + Object + V (inf)
(make, let,…)
Ex : They made me laugh a lot (laugh)
Don’t let them go (go)
Note : BE MADE + TO - INF
Ex :
He was made to work hard (work)
4 a Used to + V (inf)
Ex : She used to go to work by car (go)
Be (get) used to +V-ING
Ex : He is used to swimming in the sea (swim)
5 CAUSATIVE FORM :
Trang 2
Passive : Have + something + PP
Ex : She’ll have her luggage carried home (carry)
7 Preposition + V- ING / NOUN
Ex : She is interested in reading books (read)
She is fond of story books
II VERB TENSES :
1 Simple Past : She went to work by taxi yesterday (go)
2 Simple Past – Past Perfect : I (meet) had met him twice before I (leave) left for
London
3 Simple Past – Past continuous : When we (come) came, he (prepare) was preparing
dinner for his family
4 Unreal Conditional Sentences :- If I (be) were you, I (not, do) would not do it
5 Tenses after WISH : - I wish I (be) were there now
III STRUCTURE :
1/ RELATIVE CLAUSE (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE) :
1.1 WHOSE : Đặt ngay trước và sau 2 danh từ (N1 + WHOSE + N2), thay cho OF WHOM / WHICH
chỉ sơ hữu (Possessive)
WHOSE thay cho HIS, HER, ITS, THEIR (+ Noun), Possessive case (Noun’s), of phrase
EX : I know the boy You are reading his book
_ I know the boy whose book you are reading
EX : The house is hers The windows of the house are green
_ The house whose windows (the windows of which) are green is hers
2/ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF – CLAUSE)
2.1 LOẠI 2 : Present unreal condition (điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
Past subjunctive Present conditioal
(S+ WERE / Ved/2) (S + WOULD / COULD + V-inf)
EX : If you caught AIDS, you would surely die
Chú ý : UNLESS = IF … NOT (nếu không)
EX : Unless your uncle stops smoking, he will die of lung cancer
(If your uncle doesn’t stops smoking,…)
3/ WISH _ STRUTURE (Cấu trúc ước muốn)
3.1 Wish in the present : có NOW
S + WERE / V-ed/2
EX : Iwish I had enough time to finish my work
4/ CAUSATIVE FORM (Dạng nguyên nhân)
PASSIVE : S + HAVE + O (thing) + PP + (A)
EX : I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
5/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSE AND PHRASEOF REASON (Câu nguyên nhân)
Câu phức : main clause + BEFORE + Adv clause of reason
Câu đơn : main clause + BECAUSE OF + V-ing phrase (S1 =S2)
Trang 3Noun phrase (S1 S2) (one’s / the + adj + noun)
EX : She can’t go to school because she is sick
She can’t go to school because of
6/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT (Câu kết quả)
Dạng : SO + Adj / Adv + THAT – Clause
SO + many / much / few / little + Noun + THAT – Clause
SUCH + (a / an) + Adj + Noun + THAT – Clause
EX : This question is so difficult that no one can answer it
This is such a difficult question that no one can answer it
7/ STRUCTURE WITH TOO / ENOUGH :
7.1 TOO :(quá … không thể) nối câu khẳng định với câu phủ định
Dạng : S + V + TOO + Adj / Adv + (for + O) + TO – inf + (A)
EX : The air is too polluted We can’t breathe it
_ The air is too polluted for us to breathe
7.2 ENOUGH : (đủ … có thể) nối 2 câu giống nhau, cùng (+) / cùng (-)
Dạng : S + V + Adj / Adv + ENOUGH + (for +O) + To-inf + (A)
S + V + ENOUGH + Noun + (for +O) +To-inf + (A)
EX : The story is short They can read it in one hour
_ The story is short enough for them to read in one hour
Biến đổi giữa TOO và ENOUGH : TOO + Adj NOT + Adj (opposite) + ENOUGH
EX : He was too young to see the horror films
He was not old enough to see the horror films
8/ THE PASSIVE VOICE :
Dạng tổng quát : S + BE + PP ( 3 / ED) + …(BY + O)
Aùp dụng vào các thì cơ bản :
8.1/ Simple past : S + WAS / WERE + PP
EX: The teacher punished him yesterday
_ He was punished by the teacher yesterday
TOO TO, ENOUGH TO, SO THAT, SUCH THAT:
1)The old man was too weak to say a word (so that)
The old man
2)My grandfather was too old to live by himself (so .that)
My grandfather
3)She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her (so that)
She is
4)It was such an interesting film that none of us wanted to miss it (so that)
The film was
5)Your sister can’t enjoy this film because she is so young (too to)
Your sister is
6)My grandfather was so old that he couldn’t live by himself (too to)
My grandfather was
7)The old man was so weak that he couldn’t say a word (too to)
The old man was
8)My brother is young, and he can’t enjoy such a film (enough to)
His brother was
Trang 49)His brother was not well and he didn’t go to work (enough to).
His brother was 10)My sister is sick and she needs a doctor (enough to)
My sister is 11)These exercises are too difficult for us to do (such that)
They are 12)The coffee is too hot for him to drink (such that)
It is 13)The question is so easy that all of the pupils can answer it (such that)
It is 14)All of us felt tired since the weather was terribly hot (such that)
It was 15)This novel is interesting enough for her to read several times (such that)
It’s 16)The food was very good They finished it up in just a few minutes (so that)
The food was 17)I an was very busy She couldn’t go to the movies With us (so that)
Lan was 18)She is very poor She can’t buy a bicycle (so that)
She is 19)She is very kink Everybody loves her (so that)
She is 20)The weather is too bad I have to stay home (so that)
The weather is 21)He was very good student He passed all his examination (such that)
22)Mr Smith is a very strong man He can lift up a heavy box easily (such that)
23)He gave us very good advice All of us are thankful to him (such that)
24)He is very young He can’t study English (too to)
He is 25)Is was very tired I couldn’t run fast (too to)
I was 26)I was very busy I couldn’t visit her (too to)
I was 27)My friends are good They can do these exercises (enough to)
My friend 28)She is tall She can reach the top shelf (enough to)
She is
29 My sister can’t come with me because she is very busy ( if )
30 We shall not stop work unless it is too dark to see properly ( if )
31 He has bough many books He can’t put them all into his schoolbag ( so…that )
32 They made him work hard all day yesterday ( passive voice )
Trang 533 No one could have known the secret (Passive voice )
34 Although he is old, he often plays tennis ( in spite of )
35 The car crashed because the driver was careless ( because of… )
36 The case was very heavy He couldn’t carry it ( so….that )
………
37 He had his brother send the letter yesterday ( causative passive )
………
38 Susan is young She can’t go to the cinemas alone ( too….to )
………
39 My grandfather is old He can’t walk without a stick ( so…that )
………
40 She was tired She couldn’t eat ( too….to )
………
41 The TV programme was interesting The children didn’t want to go to bed early (so that )
………
42 Your sister is old She can go to school ( enough to )
………
43 The children did not want to go to bed early because the T.V programme was interesting
The T.V programme was so
44 The book is too bad for the children to read
The book is so
45 He is too young to get married
He is not
46 The air is polluted We can’t breathe it
The air was so
47 Because the buses are full up, they not stop
If
48 I was too tired to eat anything
I was so
49 He is too poor to go by taxi
He is not
50 This book is very interesting You should read it
This book is
51 The film was so boring that we left before the end
It was such
52 It was such a dirty river that we could not swim in it
The river was so
53 The weather was warm We didn’t need a coat
It was such
54 The exam question was so easy that all the students got it right
It was such
Trang 655 It was such an excellent show that we enjoy it.
The show was so
56 The garden is too cold to sit in
The garden is not
57 The boy is so young that he cannot understand this story
He is such
58 She is too weak to carry her luggage
She is not
59 His voice was so soft that we couldn’t hear him
His voice was too
60 The coffee is too hot for him to drink
The coffee is not
61 He was so kind that everyone liked him
He was
62 He is too short to reach the top of the board
He is not
63 That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there
that restaurant is too
64 The book is too difficult for me to understand
The book is not
65 You are too old to wear this dress
You are so
66 The cake was too hard for me to eat
The cake was
67 This is the goalkeeper His brother is my friend
This is
68 That house is too small for six of us to live in
That house is so
69 The boy is so lazy that he knows his lessons ( such …that )
………
70 The children laughed a lot because of the funny clowns ( made )
………
71 I’m not tall I can’t reach that picture on the wall ( enough ….to )
………
72 Mr.Baker had a mechanic fix the motor of his car ( causative passive )
………
73 The boy is too young to go to the cinema by himself ( enough….to )
………
74 I got to the station so late that I couldn’t catch the train ( too…to )
………
75 The speaker gave a long talk Most of the audience felt sleepy ( such…that )
………
76 I think that my sister is too busy to help them ( so…that )
………
77 The coffee was so hot that he couldn’t drink ( such… that )
………
Trang 778 We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad ( such….that )
………
79 No one has ever discussed that question ( passive voice )
………
80 I often get up early
I am used ………
81 He was to far away to hear me
He was so ………
82 It was such good weather that we went swimming
The weather ………
83 The garden is too small to play football in
The garden isn’t ………
84 This holiday’s so expensive, I don’t think I can go
It’s such ………
85 The switch was too high for him to reach
He wasn’t tall ………
86 She wants to buy a colour TV but she doesn’t have enough money
She wishes ………
87 The TV programme was so interesting that it satisfied everybody ( such…that )
………
88 Although the traffic was heavy, he was able to get home before dark ( in spite of )
………
89 They wrote these song in 1984
These ………
90 She fell asleep because of the boring film
The boring film ………
91 John is sorry he often gets bad marks
John wishes ………
92 What a pity! She is so busy now
I wish ………
93 She won’t visit me again
I wish ………
94 I’m sorry you can’t play all your debts
I wish you ………
67 They repaired the stands of the stadium yesterday
The stands of the stadium
68 The lesson is too difficult for my sister to learn in an hour
The lesson isn't _
69 Tom wanted Peter to wash his car
Tom had (Causative passive)
70 My sister is very young She can't go to the zoo alone
My sister is too
71 People sell apples on the street corner
Apples
72 Mrs Green had him carry her luggage downstairs
Mrs Green had _
Trang 873 He came too late to catch any taxi to town.
He didn't
74 The driver told him to till up the tank
The driver had _ 75- They asked me to show them my school bag
_
76 They will ask someone to make a round table for the conferene
They will have _
77 Peter doesn't have enough coloured pencils- The picture doesn’t look interesting
If
78 We don't have a bicycle so we can't go there for a picnic
If
79 This exercise is very difficult Daisy can't do it
This exercise is too _
80 No one helped him because of his laziness
No one helped him because _
81 He was too tired to say a
word-He was so _
82 A famous writer wrote this book
This book _
83 She was tired She couldn't eat
She was too _
84 They forced the poor boy to work
harder-They made
85 The programme was so interesting that the children didn't want to go to bed early
It was such _
86 Please ask someone to repair ihis car immediately
Please have _
87 The problems were so complicated that the teacher couldn't explain them in an hour
They were such
88 What a pity my brother is not a doctor
I wish
89 They might built the bridge in a hurry
The bridge
90 He was such a brave boy that many reporters came to picture him
The boy was so
91 The lesson was very difficult He couldn't understand it
The lesson was too
92 The doctor can't see many patients because he is so late
If the doctor _
93 They will build a stadium near the river
A stadium _
94 The gate is very wide A truck can go through it (ENOUGH)
_
95 They must not put their shoes on the table
Trang 9Their shoes
96.He isn't rich He can't buy that luxury car (ENOUGH)
97 The programme was interesting so it could satisfy every taste
(ENOUGH)
98 Peter was so late that he couldn't catch the bus to town
Peter was too
99 It rained too heavily for the children to go to school
It rained so
100 They will leave the workers build a swimming pool in the garden
They will have _ (Causative passive)
101 They planted trees along the path
Trees
102 He fell exhausted enough to stop working
He felt so
103 He was thirsty enough to drink all these bottles of water
He was so _
104 The novel was so exciting that I read it all in a night
It was such _ 105- It was so dark that I couldn't sec who he was
It was loo _
106 She acted so well lhat the audience was moved to tears (ENOUGH TO)
_
107 They're going to have a porter take their luggage to a taxi
They're going to have _
108 They threw the paper bags away
The paper bags
109 The man painted the house in half a month
The house _
110 Your brother is ld He can go to school (ENOUGH TO)
111 You must finish your exercise before you leave
Your exercise
112 The story was so boring that I turned off the light and went to bed
It was such
113 You are too old to wear this dress
You aren't
114 My younger brother had someone do the work now (Causative passive)
My younger brother had
115 They invited everyone to the meeting
Everyone
116 They asked her to sing that song many times
She _
117 He has the mechanic repair the car last Sunday
Trang 10He has _
118 My mother planted that tree
That tree
119 They felt very happy They gave away all their
food- (ENOUGH)
120 We will tell them to clean the floor
We will have _
121 The hat is too small for me to put on
The hat is so
122 This man had a boy bring a book to him
This man had
123 The novel is too boring for us to read
The novel isn't
124 Tom is too young to go to school
Tom is not
125 It is too late for them to go to the cinema
It isn't _
126 The teacher asked the student to tell the story again
The teacher had _
127 The tree was too big for them to carry home
The tree was so _
128 You arc too weak to lift this table up
You are not
129 He was too slow to catch the bus
He was not _
130 They asked him to repair my watch yesterday
They had _
131 He drank so much coffee that he couldn't sleep that night
He drank such
132 It was such interesting news that everybody wants to hear all of its details
The news was so
133 They are such big cows that they give a lot of milk
The cows are so _
134 It was such a boring film that the children went to bed early
The film was so
135 There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out
There is so
136 The milk is so good that everyone wants some more
It is such _
137 We had so much work to do that we couldn't go anywhere
We had such _
138 There are such a lol of tables and chairs that we cannot arrange them in a few minutes
There are so _