15 DANH ĐỘNG từ (v ING + TO v)

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU) A Danh động từ : (Gerund) Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống phân từ (V-ing): talking, learning, cutting, lying… 1/ Làm chủ ngữ S : (subject) - Swimming is good for our health - Being friendly will bring you friends 2/ Làm tân ngữ O : (object of a verb) - These boys like swimming - My brother practises speaking English every day 3/ Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ S : (subject complement) - My hobby is swimming - Seeing is believing 4/ Làm tân ngữ O cho giới từ : (object of a preposition) - He is fond of swimming - She is interested in learning English 5/ Dùng câu cấm đoán(short prohibition) thành lập danh từ gộp (compound noun) - No smoking - No talking, please - a swimming pool - a dining room - a washing machine 6/ Đứng sau tính từ sở hữu : - Please forgive my coming late - His driving carelessly often causes accidents 7/ Đứng sau số động từ số cụm từ cố định : admit, advise, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, mind, practise, postpone, quit, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, be worth, be busy, it’s no use, there’s no… - We enjoy listening to music - I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes B Động từ nguyên mẫu : (Infinitive) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường có giới từ to đứng trước (to do, to learn, to help, to advise…) dùng trường hợp sau: 1/ Làm tân ngữ ,bổ ngữ (complement) câu : - To conceal the truth from her was foolish - He wanted to become a spaceman - What he asked for is to be left alone 2/ Làm tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ : - He was the first man to leave the room - English is an important language to master 3/ Làm trạng từ miêu tả nội dung sau: * mục đích hành động - He went to the station to meet her - He bought a dictionary to study English * kết quả,hậu (sau TOO +Adj / Adv) - She is too tired to go for a walk - The box was too heavy for her to carry * hậu (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH) - I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box - He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi 4/ Đứng sau số động từ khác : afford, agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise,refuse, threaten, want, wish, would like… - They promised to come back soon - He can’t afford to take a taxi Đứng sau số động từ có tân ngữ O (verb + obj + to inf) : advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn… - They don’t allow us to smoke in the office - I taught myself to play the guitar + Chú ý : (*) Remember + gerund : nhớ làm - I remember posting the letter Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để làm - I remember to post the letter (*) Stop + gerund : dừng việc làm - She stopped mending the dress Stop + to infinitive : dừng lại để làm việc khác - He stopped to have a drink (*) Try + gerund : thử làm - I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better Try + to infinitive : cố gắng làm - They tried to work as hard as they could (*) Mean + gerund : có nghĩa - Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year Mean + to infinitive : phải làm - He means to take the coming exam (*) Forget + gerund : quên - I forgot telling her this story Forget + to infinitive : - I forgot to tell her about this (*) Regret + gerund : hối hận - She regrets going to a village school - The party was great He regretted not to go there Regret + to infinitive : - I regret to say that she can’t come tonight C Động từ nguyên mẫu không “TO” (Bare Infinitive) 1/ Đứng sau số động từ khuyết thiếu (Modal verbs) : can, could, may, might, must, ought to… - You may go now - They must finish the work by now 2/ Đứng sau số động từ : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP… - I helped the child tidy his desk - He had a painter paint the gate - They let him enter the room without a ticket - My parents make me go to bed early 3/ Đứng sau BUT, EXCEPT với nghĩa “ngoại trừ” - Why don’t you anything but complain? - She agreed to everything but help him with the homework 4/ Đứng sau số động giác quan: see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot… - We heard them sing all morning - He saw the thief enter the hall - I watched them playing football for a while (xem trận đấu bắt đầu ) - I watched them play football yesterday afternoon (xem toàn trận đấu )