Longman grammar express intermediate high intermediate

Gontents About the Book Pдпт |: Present and lmperative Present Progressive (l am studуing') Simple Present (l studу.) Tense Non.Aсtion Verbs (l understand.) 10 Present Progressive and Simple (l am studуing./ I studу.) Present тense 14 !mperative (Study!/ Don't study!) SelfТest Pдпт lI: l 22 Past Simple Past Tense: AffirmativeStatements 24 Simple Past 2g (t studied.) Tense: Negative Statements and euestions (l didn't studу / Did уou studу?) Used to (l used to study.) з2 Past Progressive (l was studуing.) Past Progressive and Simple (l was studуing' / I studied') seIfтest Pдпт lll: Present Past Tense 40 r Il Perfect and Pаst Perfeсt Present PeЁect: Since and For (Ihave studied since Maу' / l have studied for a month-) 46 Present Perfect: Alreadу and Yet (l have alreadуstudied./ l haven't studiedуet.) 50 Present Perfect: (l have studied.) lndefinitePast Present PeЁeсt and SimpIe Past Tense (l have studied./ I studied.) 58 Present PeЁect Progressive (l have been studying.) 62 Present Perfect and Present Perfect (I have studied, / l have been studуing.) progressive 66 r iii Pаst Perfeсt (l had studied.) 74 Past Perfeсt Progressive (l had been studуing.) SelfTest Pдпт lV: III 78 Future and Future Perfect Future: Be going to and Will (l am going to studу / I will studу') Future: Contrast Be going to, Will,Simple Present Tense, Present Progressive Future Time Clauses (l will call уou after I studу.) 88 Future Progressive (|wi|lbestudуing.) Future Perfeсt and Future PeЁect Progressive 96 (l will have studied' / l wi|l havе bееn studуtng') SetfTest Pдпт V: 100 wh- Gluestions' таg Gluestions' Additions l4lh Gluestions: Subjeсt and Prediсate (Who studied? / Who did уou studу?) 102 Тag Gluestions (You studied, didn't уou? / You didn't studу' did уou?) 106 Additions with So, Too, Neitherand Not either (l studied, and so did shе' / l didn't studу, and neither did she.) 110 SelfTest Pдпт Vl: tV V 114 (l) Modals Ability: Can, Could, Be able to (l can studу for hours.) 116 Permission= Maу, Can, Could, Do уou mind if ? (Maу l studу on mу own?) 1zo Requests= Will, Can, Would, Could, Would you mind ? (Will уou studу with me?) 124 (You should studу Еnglish.) Could, Whу don't ' ?' Whу not ?, Suggestionsz Let's,Howabout ? (Whу not studу Еnglish?) 1з2 Prefer, Would prefer, Would rather Preferences: (l wou|d prefer studуing Spanish.) 1з6 SelfТest lv V! 140 (ll) Pдпт Vll: Modаls Neоessity: Have (got) to and Мust (l've got to studу harder / l must studу harder.) 142 Choiсe: Don't have to; No Ghoiсe: Must not and Can,t (l don't have to leave./ I must not leave.) 146 8e supposed to Expectations: (l,m supposed to studу') 150 Future Possibilityz Мaу, Мight' Could (Imaу studу there next уear.) 154 Assumptions= 158 May, Might, Could, Must, Have (got) to, Can't (She must be a good student.) in the Past: Should have, Ought to have, Advisabitity Could have, Might have (l should have studied harder when l was уoung.) about the Past: MaУ have, Мight have' SpecuIations Can't have, Could have, Must have, Had to have (Нe maу have been a good student in his уouth.) SelfТest Vll 162 166 170 and Adverbs Pдпт Vtll: Adjeсtives Adjectives and Adverbs 172 (quick / quicklу) Adjectives PaЁicipial (interesting / interested) Adjectives and Adverbs: (as quick as / as quicklу as) Equatives 180 Adieсtives: Comparatives (quicker than) Adjectives: Superlatives (the quickest) 188 Adverbs: Comparatives and Superlatives (more quicklу than / the most quicklу) 192 SelfТest Pдпт lX: VlIl Gerunds t96 and lnfinitives Gerunds: Subjeсt and objeсt (Studуing is important, / l enjoy studуing.) Gerunds after Prepositions (interested in studуing / tired of studуing) 202 lnfinitives after Certain Verbs (l want to studу.) 206 lnfinitives aftеr Ceftain Adjeсtives and Cedain Nouns (easу to studу / time to studу) 21o lnfinitives with Тoo and Еnough (too late to studу / earlу enough to studу) 214 lnfinitives of Purpose (go home to study) 218 Gerunds and tnfinitives (stop studying / stop to studу) 222 Make, Have, Let, Help, and Get (make him studу / get him to studУ) 226 SelfТest Pдnт X: zзo !X PhrasaI Verbs Phrasa! Verbs: |nsepaгab|e (run into a classmate) 2з2 Phrasаl 2з6 Verbs: Seoarable (look a word up) SelfTest Pдпт Хl: X 240 Nouns, Gluantifiers, AЁiсles, and ReсiproсaI Pronouns Reflexive Nouns (сollege,Boston College' chalk, students) 242 Gluantifiers 246 (a lot of, a few, a little) AЁiсIes: (a / the) lndefinite and Definite o (No AЁicle) and тhe (students / the students) Reflexive Pronouns and Reciprocal (ourselves/ each other) SelfTest Xl 254 Pronouns ZSB 262 Pдвт Xll: The Passive The Passive: Overview (is done / was done / has been done) 264 Тhe Passive with Moda|s (must be done) 268 Тhe Passive 272 (have something SelfTest vl Xll Gausative done) 276 Pдпт Xlll: Тhe Conditional Faсtual Gonditionаls: Present (lf I studу,l get good grades') 278 Faсtual Conditionals: Future (Ifl studу' l willget good grades.) 282 Unreаl GonditionaIs: 286 Present (lf I studied I would get good grades.) Unreal Conditionals: Past (lt I had studied I would have gotten good grades.) Wish: Present and Past (l wish I studied here / I wish I had studied here.) SelfTest Xlll Pдпт XlV: Adieсtive 290 294 298 сlauses Adjective Clauses with Subjeсt Re|ativePronouns (someone who studies) з00 Adjeсtive Clauses with objeоt Relative Pronouns or When and Where 304 (something Adiective that l StUdУ / the school where I studу) clauses: ldentifyingand Non-|dentifying (l have a friend who studies here / з08 Му best friend, who knows уou, studies here.) selfтest xlv Pдпт XV: lndirect з12 Speeсh Direct and Indireсt speech: (''Studу!',/ She told me to studу.) |mperatives lndireсt Speeсh: Statements (1) (She said that she was going to studу') lndirect Speech: Statements (2) (She said she had studied.) lndireсt Gluestions rShe аsked me if l was studуing.) Еmbedded Questions (She wanted to know what I studied.) SeIfTest XV з14 з18 з22 з26 з30 3з4 vш Appendiсes APPЕNDIX Irregular Verbs 3з6 APPЕNDIX Cоmmon Nоn-aсtion (Stativе) Verbs зз7 APPENDIX з Сommon Vеrbs Followеd by thе Gеrund (Basе Fоrm of Vеrb + -ing) зз7 APPЕND|x Commоn Verbs Followed by the Infrnitive (Ъ + Base Form ofVerЬ) з38 APPЕNDIX Verbs Followed bу objeсts and the Infinitivе 338 APPENDIX6 Common Verbs Fоllowed by the Gеrund or the Infrnitive з38 APPENDIX7 Common Verb + Preposition Combinations з38 APPEND!X Common Adjeсtive + Prеposition Combinatiоns 338 APPENDIX9 Common Adjeсtives that Can Be Followеd by thе Infinitive 3з8 APPЕNDIX 10 Irregular Comparisons of Adjeсtives' Adverbs, and Quantifiers A P P E N D I X 1 Cоmmon Partiсipial Adj eсtivеs зз9 A P P E N D I X ' I Some Adjeсtives that Form the Comparative and Superlative in TWo Ways 339 A Р P Е N D l x з Common Reporting Verbs з40 A P P Е N D | x Common Timе Word Changes in Indireсt Speeсh 340 A P P E N D I X Common Phrases Intrоduсing Еmbеdded Questions з40 A P P Е N D I X Verbs and Ехpressions Commonly Used Rеfleхivеly з40 A P P E N D I X Somе Common Phrasal Verbs з41 A P P E N D I X Some Common Irregular Plural Nouns з4з A P P Е N D I X Spelling Rules fоr the Prеsent Progтessive з43 A P P E N D I X Spelling Rules for the Simple Prеsent Tensе: Third-Person Singular (hе, shе, it) з4з A P P E N D I X Spеlling Rulеs for the Simрle Past Tense оf Regular Verbs зц A P P E N D I X 2 Spelling Rules for the Comparative (-er)and Supеrlative (-esl)of Adjeсtives A P P Е N D I x Spelling Rules fоr Adverbs Ending in -ly 3Ц зЦ A P P Е N D l x Cоntraсtions with Verb Forms з45 A P P Е N D l x Punсtuation Rules fоr Direсt Speесh з47 A P P Е N D I x Pronunсiation Tablе з47 A P P E N D I X Pronunсiation Rulеs for thе Simple Present Tense: Third-Person Singular (hе, shе, it) з4a A P P Е N D l x Pronunсiation Rules for the Simple Past Tеnse of Regular Vеrbs 348 Index Answer vlll з39 349 Key з55 About the Authors Fuсhs has taught ESL at New York Сity Tесhniсal College and Marjorie LaGuardia Community Collegе of the City University of New Yоrk and ЕFL at thе Spraсh Studio Lingua Nova in Мuniсh, Germany She holds a Mаster's Degтee in Applied English Linguistiсs and a Certifiсate in TESOL from the University of Wisсonsin-Madison She has authored or сo-authoredmany widеly used ESL textbooks,notably ОnYour Waу:Building Basic Ski|ls in Еnglish, Crossroаds, Top Tшеntу ESL Word Games: Bеginning Vocabulary DеuеIopmеnt,Around the World: Picturеs for Practicе, Familiеs: Tеn Card Gаmes for Languagе Lеаrnеrs, Focus on Grammar: Аn Intеrmеdiаtе Coursе for Rеfеrеncеand Practice, Foсus on Grammar: A High-Intеrm,еdiatеCoursе for Rеfеrеnceand Praсtice, and the woтkbooks to thе Longman Dictionary of Amеrican English, the Longmаn Photo Dictionary, Thе Охford Picturе Dictionarу, and Focus on Grаmmar: Intermеdiatе and High-Intеrmеdiate Bonner has taught ESL at Hunter College and the Borough Murgur"t of Manhattan Community Coilege of the City University of New York, at Taiwan National University in Taipei, and at Virginia Commonwealth University in Riсhmond Shе holds a Master's Degтеe in Library Sсienсe from Columbia University, and she has done work towards a Ph.D in English Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York Shе has сontributed to a number of ESL and EFL projeсts,inсluding Making Connеctions,ОnYour Waу, and the Curriсulum Renewal Projeсt in oman, where she wrote tеxtbooks, workbooks, and teaсhers manuals for the national sсhool system Shе authored Stеp into Writing: A Basic Writing Tехt, and сo-authоredFocus on Grammar: An Intеrmеdiatе Coursе for Rеferеncе and Practicе, Focus on Grammar: A High-Intеrmеdiаtе Coursе for Refеrеnce аnd Practice, Foctt,son Grammar: High-Intеrmеdiatе Workbook, and Thе Охford Picture Dictionary Intеrrnеdiatе Workbook lx About W"l.o*" the Book to Grommor Express-the fast way to study and learn English gтammar Grommor Expressfeatures r Short, easy-to-usеfour-page units r Grammar points presented and сontextualized through сartoons,photos, and othеr iliustratiоns r Clear Grammar Charts showing the forms of the gтammar point r Chaft Cheсks to help you usе the grammar сharts ' Clear Grammar Explanations and Еxamples l Usage Notes telling you how Еnglish speakers use the gтammar point r Bе сareful! Noteз showing typiсal mistakes students make r Pronunсiation Notes to help you pronounсewords сorreсtly r A variety of exerсise types to praсtiсе the grammar points r SelfTests to сheсk youl progress l ApPendiсes with helpful lists and information r An lndеx to help you quiсkly find grammar points r An Answer Key so you сan сheсk your answеrs Uшlтs Grommor Eхpresshas 76 units' Eaсh unit has four pages-two pages of grammar presentation and two pages of praсtiсe.Here's how a typiсal unit looks: Presentation The grammar point is presentedin three steps !llustrаtion Еaсh unit begins with an illustration-a сartoon,сomiс strip, photo with speeсhbubbles' newspaper headline-whiсh introduсes the grammar point in a real-life,real-languageсontеxt.It also introduсes the topiс of the unit (For ехamplе, in Unit thе cartoon introducеs thе grammаr point used to, and thе unit topic,fаshion.) A Cheсk Point helps you think about the meaning of the grammar pоint in the illustration Charts Grammar Charts show the forms of the grammar point (In Unit уou cсInSее usеd to in statеmеnts,quеstions,аnd short аn,sшеrs.) Chart Che- from u.iiy her father would beсоme overwhelmed by the transition tо Canada Еva would losе thе .- ъ parent сonversation with friends in Craсow сafёs And nothing сould replaсe her friendship withtь"ь mб.'жfl Tai Dong is the small сity in southeastern r Г w her eo к in w hio ho Rthat in Taiwan \ДДj€h I gтew up My family moved therе from Taipei the summеr when I was born Thе house in whiсh I gтew ,,pьdi o.' a main street in Tai Dong My fathеr sold andGhoй)she assumed she would someday tea, and my mothеr had a food stand in our marry Worst оf all, howeveц she would miss front соurtyard where she sold omelets early J her language For years, she would feel no сonnесtion to the English namе of t anything - Lost in T|anslation: A Lifе in a I'{еulLanguagе (New York: Pеnguin, 1989) tеlls how Eva сame to terms witLЦ nЗw identity and language It'sastoryЩ fasсinating and moving r s g oв that who oв whom oв that stayed oR werе staying whiсh had that oв whiсh wantеd that oв whiсh 1o have experienсed 11 wherе oв in whiсh 12 wеre 13 who oв whom oв that 14 takе сare of oR in whiсh I gтew up The house that (oв whiсh) we lived in was beautiful oв The house in whiсh wеlivеd з Еmilia and I shared a room where (oв in whiсh) wе spent nights talking in the morning A сustomer who I always сhatted with hiб had a son my agе We werе whoэe bеst friends A сousin whe-his family I visitеd evеry Summer lived with us He was w hoo к w ho mo кthat an apprentiсе whiеh my father was teaсhing the tea businеss to on the first floor of оur wiere gЖк house wе had a huge kitсhеn all gathered for dinner It was a fun and noisy plaсe The bеdrooms wherе the family were slept was upstairs My two brothеrs slept in that oк which onе bedroom I slеpt in onе wЪ*t I shared with my older sister My younger sister shared a bеdroom with another сousin whooк whomoKthar, wм my family had adoptеd *oR the houэe whiah(oк rhat) | grewup in &mжъrue*" Egзw l Adjective Glauses: ldentifying and Non- ldentifying ж P0lNт 4o9 who use thеm Thе bеst waу to сure teсhnophobia is to сurе the reasons that сause it-that is, to design things ж people сan use and design things that won,t F break,'' сlaims Norman Miсhael Dyrenfurth, сI]АRтсl]Есl( who tеaсhes at thе University of non-identifying T Missouri-Columbia' ЕхPREss.жж believes We сause our own problems by buying teсhnology iЬ{we It was the соmputеr ЕЬi[...]... pronunсiation rules AшswвнKвv The Answer Key providеs answers to the Cheсk Points, Сharts Cheсks, Express Cheсks, all the praсtiсe exerсises, and the SelfTests Grommor Еxpressсan be used for sеlf-study or in the сlassroom Start with Unit 1 and work through thе entire book, or сhoose the units you want to foсus oll Grommor Express an help you reaсh your language goals quiсkly Your journey through English gтammar... them .He 8 Shе a lot Hе doеsn't wоrrу a lot 9 Shе enough time Hе has enough time to frnish things 7 other people's sentenсes for them to finish things 1 0 Mеgan has high blood prеssure due to strеss' Greg pressure due to stress high blood simp|e Present Тense Asl(t, ANiWERC Todd is on oсcountont,Look ot his sсhеdule.Write quеstionsond onswersobout his doу, Ш?}iff*ll8 6:00-7:00 9еt up.ехеrсisе 8:00-9:00... usua|ly сome bеforе thе main verb, but thеy go aftеr thе vеrb be l Wе usuolly rush around too muсh r Wе,re often stгessedout 3 Usе the simp!е presеnt tensе to talk about sсiеntifiсfaсts r Strеss(ausеs high b|ood pressurе l Water frееzеs at З2"F Сheсk it out! Еor spelling rules for the third person singular (hе/ shе/it) of the simple present tense, see Appеndix 20 on page 343 For pronunсiation rules... For ехamplе, brеathing new еxегсisеs both rеlax уоu and lorvег уotlг Ьlood bеstsеllег, Саlm Doun!, it alsо аffесts rrs physiсail1'.Fог ехaпrplе' stгеss Prеssurе It orrly takеs a fеw minutеs!'' сatlsеs high blood PГеssuге Doсtorsоftеn prеsс,iь =@ o Mеgon ond Greg hove complеtеlу diffеrent tуpes of personolity (A ond B) с0|{iPIEтE Rеod obout one, writе obout thе othеr Type B: Grеg Тypе A: Megan 1 Мegan...Еxerсise 4 This is always an editing eхerсise In this eхеrсise, you will havе to find and сorreсt tyрiсal mistakes that students make when thеy use the gтammar point Твsтs The 76 units of Grommor Expressare divided into 15 parts After eaсh part you will find a SеlfТest These tests will help you review and seе how well you have learned the material in the part The SelfТests havе multiple-сhoiсe... еven whеn thеy dеsсribеa situationthat exists аt thе moment of spеaking r |anеwants to go homе right now Noт 4 Use the simple present tеnse to talk about sсiеntifiсfaсts аnd physiсallaws r StressCauses high b|ood prеssure -l r Watегboils аt 00.с Cheсkit oul! For a list of сomrnоtrnon-aсtion verbs, seе Apperrdiх 2 on page 337 15 16 r Unit zr о Rеod thеsеjournol еntriеsbу Brion, а Сonodion summerехсhongеstudеnt