Luyện thi ielts writing task 1 dạng mix, progress, map

Luyện thi ielts writing task dạng map, mix, progress Bài mẫu You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The diagrams below show the changes that have taken place at Queen Mary Hospital since its construction in 1960 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer The diagrams show Queen Mary Hospital at three different stages in its development: 1960, 1980 and 2000 In 1960, the hospital was built close to a main road and next to a shopping centre A large area behind the hospital was turned into a car park, while the area behind the shopping centre was farmland By 1980, the shopping centre had been demolished in order to make way for two additional hospital building which became a pharmacy and a cancer centre Furthermore, the hospital gained the farmland and converted it into a nursing school In 2000, the main hospital building remained unchanged but the cancer centre was extended to cover the entire nursing school As a result of this, the original car park was divided into two so that it provided a smaller car park and a small nursing school During this period, the hospital has increased in size and, in addition to a new nursing school, a cancer centre has been created and extended Hence the capacity of the car park has been reduced by a half (178 words) Test Tip For IELTS Task you may have to describe a physical process This may be illustrated in the form of a diagram showing the different steps or stages in the process In a process description some verbs will be in the passive and some in the active You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The diagram below shows the production of electricity using a system called Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below Write at least 150 words How Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) works Source: Daily Telegraph - 8th Jan 2008 Model answer Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a system that converts heat energy into the electric power using the temperature difference between surface seawater, which can be up to 29 degrees Celsius, and deep seawater, which is only degrees Celsius The main components of the system are an evacuated evaporation chamber, a turbine and a condensing chamber The solar energy of the sun heats up the surface water and this warm water is introduced into the evacuated evaporation chamber, where it boils As it boils, salt is deposited and water vapour is generated This vapour then drives a turbine to generate electricity After it powers the turbine, the water vapour enters the condensing chamber, which is cooled by the water from the depths of the ocean The water vapour is condensed in this chamber, producing drinking water Meanwhile, waste salt water is discharged into the ocean and the process can be repeated (152 words) The majority of Task questions in the IELTS exam are either a graph with trends or a graph with comparatives However, there are two other possible types of questions: • Describing a process (for example, how to produce chocolate) • Describing a map (often of a city in two time periods) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The map below is of the town of Canterbury A new school (S) is planned for the area The map shows two possible sites for the school Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer The map shows two proposed sites for a new school for the town of Canterbury and the surrounding area The first site (S1) is situated in the countryside, to the north-east of the town centre It is just outside the main housing area of the town and not far from the main road that links Sturry with Canterbury It would therefore probably be in an ideal location for students coming from Sturry, which is only kilometres away, and those who live on the east side of Canterbury If there are students coming from Chartham, which is kilometres to the south-west, they would be able to reach the school by taking the main road that runs south-west of Canterbury The second site (S2) is located in the town centre itself There are advantages of this: it makes it practically equidistant for students coming from either Sturry or Chartham Moreover, it would presumably be relatively easy for students who live in the housing area around the town centre to reach the school However, because of the no traffic zone in the town centre, no parent would be able to drive their child all the way to school This may make travel arrangements difficult for some parents (206 words) Writing Tip It is important to use paragraphs in your Writing Task answer Paragraphs show that your answer is well organise You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The diagrams show a structure that is used to generate electricity from wave power Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Generating Test Tip electricity from sea waves 1) Describe key stages in the process in a logical order, making comparisons where appropriate 2) Use suitable words and phrases to structure and link the process clearly 3) Remember to include an overview summerising the main features of the process 4) Vary your vocabulary and use your own words as far as possible Model answer The two diagrams show how electricity can be generated from the rise and fall of water caused by sea waves The process involves a structure which is mounted on the side of a cliff or sea wall This structure consists of a large chamber One end is open to the sea, and the other leads into a vertical column, which is open to the atmosphere A turbine is installed inside this column and this is used to generate the electricity in two phases The first diagram indicates that when a wave approaches the device, water is forced into the chamber, applying pressure on the air within the column This air escapes to atmosphere through the turbine, thereby producing electricity The second diagram illustrates the next part of the process when wave retreats As the water level falls, the air from outside the column is sucked back in through the turbine As a result, electricity continues to be generated The turbine rotates only in one direction, regardless of the direction of the air flow In conclusion, we can see that this structure is useful as electricity is generated in both phases: entering and retreating of water (195 words) IELTS Tip 1) Look carefully at the diagram and make sure you understand what it is about 2) Use your answer sheet to make notes on, but remember to cross them out when you have finished your answer 3) Begin your answer by writing a summary sentence to introduce what the diagram 4) Note 5) Count or that the flow passive approximately chart is how often many is used words in about this you task write 6) You should try not to write too much! You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The diagram below shows the production of steam using a gas cooled nuclear reactor Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer A gas-cooled nuclear reactor consists of the reactor itself and a heat exchanger The reactor contains uranium fuel elements which are surrounded by graphite moderators and topped by charge tubes for loading fuel elements, and boron control rods The whole reactor is contained in a pressure vessel surrounded by a concrete shield From the reactor the hot gas flows through a duct into the heat exchanger which is outside the concrete radiation shielding In the heat exchanger, steam is generated in a secondary loop There a pipe brings in water which is heated to steam, and this then flows out to the turbo-alternator Meanwhile the hot gas sinks to the bottom of the heat exchanger and passes through a gas blower which pushes it into a cool gas duct and back to the reactor CHINA 0.3 0.8 USA 0.4 1.1 BRITAIN 0.9 2.9 EUROPE 1.1 4.5 Total 8.8 30.4 Model answer The given line graph illustrates information on the number of overseas visitors traveling to Australia in millions of people Overall, one notable trend seems to be that Australia has steadily become more popular as a destination spot For example, there were 20 million more visitors to Australia in 2005 than in 1975 That's a jump from 10 million to 30 million in 20 years The second table gives statistics showing the countries whose residents went to Australia between 1975 and 2005 In both years, the largest number of visitors came from Japan, followed by South Korea and Europe Britain, the United States and China also had many people traveling to Australia in these years In fact, the number of people visiting Australia grew in every one of these countries For example, in 2005, 12 million people went there from Japan compared with only 3.2 million in 1975 (147 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The charts below show US spending patterns between 1966 and 1996 Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below Write at least 150 words Model answer The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996 Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years Together they comprised over half of household spending Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996 However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996 Other areas changed significantly Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14% The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996 However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% Some areas remained to relatively unchanged 1% Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below • You should write at least 150 words • You should spend about 20 minutes on this task model answer: The graphs show health and education spending and changes in life expectancy and infant mortality in the UAE Overall, as the percentage spent on health and education increases, infant mortality and life expectancy improve Graph shows the percentage of GDP spent on health and education between 1985 and 1993 There were big increases in both areas Health spending stood at about 8% in 1985 but rose to 9% in 1990 and 10% in 1993 Spending on education was even higher It was 10% in 1985, and shot up to 14% in 1990 and 15% in 1993, a 50% increase in just years Graph shows improvements in life expectancy and infant mortality between 1970 and 1992 Life expectancy was just 60 in 1970 but rose to almost 72 in 1992 In contrast, the number of babies dying dropped dramatically, from 60 per 1000 in 1970 to only 22 in 1992 In conclusion, people in the UAE are living longer and healthier lives because of the government's spending on education and medical facilities You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the sleep patterns of people in five different occupations according to a Canadian study Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer Differences in sleep patterns appear to reflect differences in individuals' occupations A Canadian study has pointed out, for example, that students typically sleep for a consecutive 8-hour period each night, from 11 p.m to a.m This may be because the central activity in their lives, study, takes place in normal daylight hours Similarly, business executives sleep consecutive hours, but perhaps because their jobs are especially busy and stressful they sleep for hours on average, getting up around a.m By contrast, truck drivers, probably because of their need to keep their trucks on the road over long periods, tend to sleep in two 3-hour blocks: one between and 10 a.m and another from to p.m Another occupation associated with broken sleep schedules is that of doctors They tend to retire to bed around a.m and start their day at a.m., but may be woken up to deal with emergencies in the middle of the night Finally, full-time mothers, especially those with young children, tend to sleep when their babies Typically, they will sleep from 10 p.m and be awoken at a.m to comfort their babies for a couple of hours They then go back to bed to wake at a.m., but nap for two hours or so in the early afternoon Thus the influence on one's sleep pattern is worthy of consideration when choosing an occupation The diagram below shows the typical stages of consumer goods manufacturing, including the process by which information is fed back to earlier stages to enable adjustment Write a report for a university lecturer describing the process shown • You should write at least 150 words • You should spend about 20 minutes on this task model answer: Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products ready for sale Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the manufacturing process Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly But assembly first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished goods The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the goods' design stage that proceeds from extensive research After assembly, the products are inspected and tested to maintain quality control l Those units that pass the inspection and testing stages are then packaged, despatched and offered for sale in retail outlets The level of sales, which is the end point of the manufacturing process, helps determine production planning A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing and market research If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable problems in the finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to the product's design Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of the demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer demands which may change with time Market research, while influenced by product sales, also serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear production process You should spend about 20 minutes on this task Eating sweet foods produces acid in the mouth, which can cause tooth decay (High acid levels are measured by low pH values) Describe the information below and discuss the implications for dental health You should write at least 150 words model answer: Anyone who has visited a dentist has been told that eating excessive amounts of sweets risks harming the teeth This is because sweets lower pH levels in the mouth to dangerous levels When the pH level in the mouth is kept above 5.5, acidity is such that teeth are unlikely to be in danger of decay Sweet foods, however, cause pH in the mouth to drop for a time, and the longer pH levels remain below 5.5, the greater the opportunity for decay to occur By comparing fruit sugar, cane sugar and honey, which are all common ingredients of sweet foods, we find that cane sugar lowers pH levels for the longest period, thus producing the greatest risk of the three Approximately five minutes aftfter consuming cane sugar, pH levels drop to as little as pH 3.5 They then begin to rise slowly, but not rise above pH 5.5 until at least 30 minutes have elapsed By contrast, fruit sugar, which causes the mouth's acidity to fall to just above pH 4, poses a danger for a shorter period: tooth decay is unlikely 20 minutes after consumption Honey appears an even less risky substance Though acidity falls to about pH 4.75 within five minutes of consumption, it returns to above pH 5.5 in under fifteen minutes The implications, then, are that people who insist on eating sweet foods should be aware of the ingredients, and that fruit sugar or honey appear preferable to cane sugar (242 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The graphs below show the numbers of male and female workers in 1975 and 1995 in several employment sectors of the republic of Freedonia Write a report for a university teacher describing the information shown You should write at least 150 words model answer: The two decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in Freedonia's work force, according to the graphs In 1975, for example, some 300 000 men and 250 000 women worked in the communications sector Twenty years later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550 000 A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about 550 000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later The number of men in this sector remained stable over the period, at around 700 000 Women also made gains in both the finance/banking industries and in the defence-related public sector Whereas some 125 000 women worked in finance and banking institutions in 1975, the number increased to 450 000 by 1995 The number of men grew only marginally from 425 000 to 480 000 over the same period In defence, the number of men declined from 225 000 to 200 000, while the number of women rose from 25 000 to over 100 000 Two sectors that retained stable employment numbers for both men and women were manufacturing, which had about 300 000 women and 650 000 men in both surveyed years, and the public sector (non-defence), which employed 650 000 women and 850 000 men Thus, women appear to have made gains in the Freedonian work force but not at the expense of men (243 words) The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below • You should write at least 150 words • You should spend about 20 minutes on this task model answer: The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001 In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased The second largest consumer was Latin America Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at per cent of the total volume of sales Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated In that year, shares were valued at approximately $35 Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98 From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000 [...]... removed in this way DẠNG MIX You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey The pie chart shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below Write at least 15 0 words 1 Test Tip 1) Remember...As can be seen, this is a continuous cycle that keeps the reactor from overheating, while carrying away the heat and steam, which will power the turbines (16 1 words) 6 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The following diagram shows how greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below Write at least 15 0 words Complete... maximum around 210 0 in winter times and in its minimum around 400 being almost constant between 12 00 and 210 0 in winter times During summer times on the other hand the demand reaches its top point around 13 00 and the bottom point around 900 being almost constant between 15 50 and 2000 In wither times the curve gradually increases to reach 40000 units of electricity by 3 o’clock in the morning This is followed... more that 10 000 units A gradual increase is noticed to reach its top of 20000 after which a stationary phase is obvious between 3 o’clock and 10 o’clock at night of about 15 000 units The pie chart on the other hand shows that 52.5% of the electricity is used for heating rooms and water 17 .5% is consumed for ovens kettles and washing machines 15 % is used in lighting TV and radio and finally 15 % is consumed... become inactive when it has passed it  (16 4 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The map below is of the town of Garlsdon A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant You should write at least 15 0 words Give reasons for your answer... rejected In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two groups, mixed and single colours When this stage is complete the groups are checked a second time to ensure that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into single colours and mixed colour batches Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched to the markets (15 2 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The diagram... university lecturer describing the information shown You should write at least 15 0 words model answer: The Eiffel Tower is situated close to the Seine River in Paris It is a metal structure that is 1, 063 feet high and weighs 7, 417 tonnes The tower has been a tourist attraction since 18 89, when it was built, and there are 1, 665 steps that can be climbed in order to reach the two viewing platforms There... stand at 15 0,000 pairs falling back to 10 0,000 pairs in February, rising steadily to 250,000 in June, In subsequent months sales will reach 450,000 pairs increasing to 500,000 pairs in August, staying stable until November, Regarding the pie chart the sales of Jack & Jones Co will share 30% of market whereas those of Mango Co 20% 50% of market is set to be shared by other companies ( 211 words) This answer... Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages (17 9 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The Bar Chart shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport You should write at least 15 0 words Give reasons for your answer and... spends 10 percent of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches (19 7 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The flowchart below shows the process involved in completing the work experience requirement for university students Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant You should write at least 15 0