84 CẤU TRÚC CÂU THÔNG DỤNG TRONG TIẾNG ANH S + V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to something: (quá….để cho làm gì…)e.g This structure is too easy for you to remember.e.g He ran too fast for me to follow.ss S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V: (quá… mà…)e.g This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.e.g He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S + V: (quá… mà…)e.g It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it.e.g It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to something : (Đủ… cho làm gì…)e.g She is old enough to get married.e.g They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English Have/ get + something + done (past participle): (nhờ thuê làm gì…)e.g I had my hair cut yesterday.e.g I’d like to have my shoes repaired It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It’s +time +for someone +to something : (đã đến lúc aiđó phải làm gì…)e.g It is time you had a shower.e.g It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to something: (làm gì… thời gian…)e.g It takes me minutes to get to school.e.g It took him 10 minutes to this exercise yesterday To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing: (ngăn cản ai/ gì… làm )e.g He prevented us from parking our car here S + find+ it+ adj to something: (thấy … để làm gì…)e.g I find it very difficult to learn about English.e.g They found it easy to overcome that problem 10 To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing (Thích gì/ làm gì/ làm gì)e.g I prefer dog to cat.e.g I prefer reading books to watching TV 11 Would rather (‘d rather) + V (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive: (thích làm làm gì)e.g She would play games than read books.e.g I’d rather learn English than learn Biology 12 To be/get Used to + V-ing: (quen làm gì)e.g I am used to eating with chopsticks 13 Used to + V (infinitive): (Thường làm qk không làm nữa)e.g I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young.e.g She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day 14 To be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing: ngạc nhiên về….e.g I was amazed at his big beautiful villa 15 To be angry at + N/V-ing: tức giận vềe.g Her mother was very angry at her bad marks 16 to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing: giỏi về…/ về…e.g I am good at swimming.e.g He is very bad at English 17 by chance = by accident (adv): tình cờe.g I met her in Paris by chance last week 18 to be/get tired of + N/V-ing: mệt mỏi về…e.g My mother was tired of doing too much housework everyday 19 can’t stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing: Không chịu nỗi/không nhịn làm gì…e.g She can’t stand laughing at her little dog 20 to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing : thích làm đó…e.g My younger sister is fond of playing with her dolls 21 to be interested in + N/V-ing: quan tâm đến…e.g Mrs Brown is interested in going shopping on Sundays 22 to waste + time/ money + V-ing: tốn tiền thời gian làm gìe.g He always wastes time playing computer games each day.e.g Sometimes, I waste a lot of money buying clothes 23 To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing: dành thời gian làm e.g I spend hours reading books a day.e.g Mr Jim spent a lot of money traveling around the world last year 24 To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dành thời gian vào việc gì…e.g My mother often spends hours on housework everyday.e.g She spent all of her money on clothes 25 to give up + V-ing/ N: từ bỏ làm gì/ gì…e.g You should give up smoking as soon as possible 26 would like/ want/wish + to something: thích làm gì…e.g I would like to go to the cinema with you tonight 27 have + (something) to + Verb: có để làme.g I have many things to this week 28 It + be + something/ someone + that/ who: chính…mà… e.g It is Tom who got the best marks in my class.e.g It is the villa that he had to spend a lot of money last year 29 Had better + V(infinitive): nên làm gì….e.g You had better go to see the doctor 30 hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing e.g I always practise speaking English everyday 31 It is + tính từ + ( for smb ) + to smtVD: It is difficult for old people to learn English.( Người có tuổi học tiếng Anh khó ) 32 To be interested in + N / V_ing ( Thích / làm )VD: We are interested in reading books on history.( Chúng thích đọc sách lịch sử ) 33 To be bored with ( Chán làm )VD: We are bored with doing the same things everyday.( Chúng chán ngày làm công việc lặp lặp lại ) 34 It’s the first time smb have ( has ) + PII smt ( Đây lần làm )VD: It’s the first time we have visited this place.( Đây lần tới thăm nơi ) 35 enough + danh từ ( đủ ) + ( to smt )VD: I don’t have enough time to study.( Tôi đủ thời gian để học ) 36 Tính từ + enough (đủ ) + ( to smt )VD: I’m not rich enough to buy a car.( Tôi không đủ giàu để mua ôtô ) 37 too + tính từ + to smt ( Quá để làm )VD: I’m to young to get married.( Tôi trẻ để kết hôn ) 38 To want smb to smt = To want to have smt + PII( Muốn làm ) ( Muốn có làm )VD: She wants someone to make her a dress.( Cô muốn may cho cô váy )= She wants to have a dress made.( Cô muốn có váy may ) 39 It’s time smb did smt ( Đã đến lúc phải làm )VD: It’s time we went home.( Đã đến lúc phải nhà ) 40 It’s not necessary for smb to smt = Smb don’t need to smt( Ai không cần thiết phải làm ) doesn’t have to smtVD: It is not necessary for you to this exercise.( Bạn không cần phải làm tập ) 41 To look forward to V_ing ( Mong chờ, mong đợi làm )VD: We are looking forward to going on holiday.( Chúng mong nghỉ ) 42 To provide smb from V_ing ( Cung cấp cho )VD: Can you provide us with some books in history?( Bạn cung cấp cho số sách lịch sử không?) 43 To prevent smb from V_ing (Cản trở làm )To stopVD: The rain stopped us from going for a walk.( Cơn mưa ngăn cản dạo ) 44 To fail to smt (Không làm / Thất bại việc làm gì)VD: We failed to this exercise.(Chúng làm tập ) 45 To be succeed in V_ing (Thành công việc làm gì)VD: We were succeed in passing the exam (Chúng thi đỗ ) 46 To borrow smt from smb (Mượn ai)VD: She borrowed this book from the liblary.( Cô mượn sách thư viện ) 47 To lend smb smt (Cho mượn gì)VD: Can you lend me some money?( Bạn cho vay tiền không? ) 48 To make smb smt (Bắt làm gì)VD: The teacher made us a lot of homework.( Giáo viên bắt làm nhiều tập nhà ) 49 CN + be + so + tính từ + that + S + động từ.( Đến mức mà )CN + động từ + so + trạng từ The exercise is so difficult that noone can it.( Bài tập khó đến mức không làm )2 He spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand him.( Anh ta nói nhanh đến mức mà hiểu ) 50 CN + be + such + ( tính từ ) + danh từ + that + CN + động từ.VD: It is such a difficult exercise that noone can it.( Đó tập khó không làm ) 51 It is ( very ) kind of smb to smt ( Ai thật tốt bụng / tử tế làm gì)VD: It is very kind of you to help me.( Bạn thật tốt giúp 52 To find it + tính từ + to smtVD: We find it difficult to learn English.( Chúng thấy học tiếng Anh khó ) 53 To make sure of smt ( Bảo đảm điều )that + CN + động từVD: I have to make sure of that information.( Tôi phải bảo đảm chắn thông tin )2 You have to make sure that you’ll pass the exam.( Bạn phải bảo đảm bạn thi đỗ ) 54 It takes ( smb ) + thời gian + to smt ( Mất ( ) thời gian để làm gì)VD: It took me an hour to this exercise.( Tôi tiếng để làm ) 55 To spend + time / money + on smt ( Dành thời gian / tiền bạc vào gìdoing smt làm )VD: We spend a lot of time on TV.watching TV.( Chúng dành nhiều thời gian xem TV ) 56 To have no idea of smt = don’t know about smt ( Không biết )VD: I have no idea of this word = I don’t know this word.( TÔI từ ) 57 To advise smb to smt ( Khuyên làm gìnot to smt không làm )VD: Our teacher advises us to study hard.( Cô giáo khuyên học chăm ) 58 To plan to smt ( Dự định / có kế hoạch làm )intendVD: We planed to go for a picnic.intended( Chúng dự định dã ngoại ) 59 To invite smb to smt ( Mời làm )VD: They invited me to go to the cinema.( Họ mời xem phim ) 60 To offer smb smt ( Mời / đề nghị )VD: He offered me a job in his company.( Anh ta mời làm việc cho công ty ) 61 To rely on smb ( tin cậy, dựa dẫm vào )VD: You can rely on him.( Bạn tin anh ) 62 To keep promise ( Gĩư lời hứa )VD: He always keeps promises 63 To be able to smt = To be capable of + V_ing ( Có khả làm )VD: I’m able to speak English = I am capable of speaking English.( Tôi nói tiếng Anh ) 64 To be good at ( + V_ing ) smt ( Giỏi ( làm ) )VD: I’m good at ( playing ) tennis.( Tôi chơi quần vợt giỏi ) 65 To prefer smt to smt ( Thích )doing smt to doing smt làm làm gìVD: We prefer spending money than earning money.( Chúng thích tiêu tiền kiếm tiền ) 66 To apologize for doing smt ( Xin lỗi làm )VD: I want to apologize for being rude to you.( Tôi muốn xin lỗi bất lịch với bạn ) 67 Had ( ‘d ) better smt ( Nên làm )not smt ( Không nên làm )VD: You’d better learn hard ( Bạn nên học chăm )2 You’d better not go out.( Bạn không nên ) 68 Would ( ‘d ) rather smt Thà làm gìnot smt đừng làm gìVD: I’d rather stay at home.I’d rather not say at home 69 Would ( ‘d ) rather smb did smt ( Muốn làm )VD: I’d rather you ( he / she ) stayed at home today.( Tôi muốn bạn / anh / cô nhà tối ) 70 To suggest smb ( should ) smt ( Gợi ý làm )VD: I suggested she ( should ) buy this house 71 To suggest doing smt ( Gợi ý làm )VD: I suggested going for a walk 72 Try to ( Cố làm )VD: We tried to learn hard.( Chúng cố học chăm ) 73 Try doing smt ( Thử làm )VD: We tried cooking this food.( Chúng thử nấu ăn ) 74 To need to smt ( Cần làm )VD: You need to work harder.( Bạn cần làm việc tích cực ) 75 To need doing ( Cần làm )VD: This car needs repairing.( Chiếc ôtô cần sửa ) 76 To remember doing ( Nhớ làm )VD: I remember seeing this film.( Tôi nhớ xem phim ) 77 To remember to ( Nhớ làm ) ( chưa làm )VD: Remember to your homework.( Hãy nhớ làm tập nhà ) 78 To have smt + PII ( Có làm )VD: I’m going to have my house repainted.( Tôi sơn lại nhà người khác sơn, sơn lấy )= To have smb smt ( Thuê làm )VD: I’m going to have the garage repair my car.= I’m going to have my car repaired 79 To be busy doing smt ( Bận rộn làm )VD: We are busy preparing for our exam.( Chúng bận rộn chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi ) 80 To mind doing smt ( Phiền làm )VD: Do / Would you mind closing the door for me?( Bạn đóng cửa giúp không? ) 81 To be used to doing smt ( Quen với việc làm )VD: We are used to getting up early.( Chúng quen dậy sớm ) 82 To stop to smt ( Dừng lại để làm )VD: We stopped to buy some petrol.( Chúng dừng lại để mua xăng ) 83 To stop doing smt ( Thôi không làm )VD: We stopped going out late.( Chúng không chơi khuya ) 84 Let smb smt ( Để làm )VD: Let him come in.( Để vào ) How to learn vocabulary Introduction Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking or writing Which words to learn Every day you hear or read many new English words You also find them in your dictionary when you are translating from your own language You can’t possibly learn all these new words, so your first problem is to decide which ones to concentrate on Here are some suggestions: • learn the words that are important to the subjects you are studying • learn the words that you read or hear again and again • learn the words that you know you will often want to use yourself • not learn words that are rare or not useful (your teacher can help you with this) How to learn words Once you have chosen which words to learn, you next have to decide how you are going to learn them Here are a few ideas: • write the words in a notebook (with their translations or definitions) • write the words and definitions on small cards (advice on how to this) • say the words many times (if you have an electronic dictionary you can hear how the word is pronounced) • put the words into different groups (you could use a graphic organiser) • write them in a file for use with a computer program (such as Quizlet or theone on this site) • make associations (in pictures or with other words) • ask someone to test you • use the words in your own speaking or writing Some students put a tick or cross in their dictionary next to every word they look up The next time they turn to a page with a marked word, they quickly check to see if they remember the meaning of that word In all of the above ways, you are doing something with the words It’s usually not enough to just read through a list of words with their definitions or translations and try to remember them Most students find that they memorise words better if they something with them Even better is to try and learn the word in a typical combination with other words Learning that to apologizemeans to say sorry is a good start, but it's much better to learn a whole expression containing the word, e.g He apologized for being late Not only is this often easier to remember, but you are also learning some very important information on how the word is used Learning for vocabulary tests The previous section on this page gives general advice on how to learn the words that you have chosen as important for you Often, however, you will be given a set of words by your teacher and told to learn them for a vocabulary test In this case you need to be sure exactly how you will be tested, because this will influence how you learn the words There are several ways that the teacher might test your vocabulary learning, but the ways are broadly divided into two categories: • • You will be given the word and have to: • write a definition • use it in an example sentence • translate it into your language You will be given: • a definition • a gapped example sentence • the translation in your language and you have to write the English word If you a vocabulary test from the second group above, then in most cases you will need to learn the exact spelling of the word and will lose marks if you misspell it As with all tests, be sure to ask the teacher exactly how you will be tested and exactly how you will be graded You will then avoid wasting time studying something that you will be not be tested on Learning vocabulary by reading The way you learned very many of the words in your own language was by meeting them in the books and magazines you read The context of a new word in a sentence or story was often enough for you to guess the meaning Meeting the word again and again in your reading helped you learn it for use in your own speaking and writing Doing lots of extra reading for pleasure - both fiction and non-fiction - is an excellent way to learn new English words, too But choose books that you find quite easy to read Difficult stories or texts that you struggle to understand will not help you to develop your vocabulary the natural way But remember: to learn new words from reading you have to read A LOT! More information about learning words The vocabulary you know can be divided into two groups - passive vocabulary and active vocabulary Passive vocabulary contains all the words that you understand when you read or listen, but which you not use (or cannot remember) in your own writing and speaking Active vocabulary is all the words you understand, plus all the words that you can use yourself Your active vocabulary, in English and your own language, is probably much smaller than your passive vocabulary The more you work on learning a word, as suggested above, the more likely it is that it will become part of your active vocabulary Things to know about the words you learn Usually the first things you learn about a new English word are what it means and its translation in your own language But there are other things you need to find out before you can say that you know a word like a native speaker does For example, you have to learn: • how it is spelled • how it is pronounced • how it is inflected (i.e how it changes if it is a verb, noun or adjective) • other grammar information about it • how it collocates (i.e what other words are often used with it) More on collocation • if it has a particular style or register • the context in which it is most likely to be used [ Types of Vocabulary ] Native speakers learn these things about words by hearing them and reading them again and again This is the best way for you to learn them, too A Verbs Followed Immediately By An Infinitive (Các động từ có động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau) afford agree appear arrange ask can't bear(*) beg begin (*) care đủ khả tài đồng ý dường xếp hỏi xin không chịu van xin bắt đầu quan tâm I can't afford to buy it They agreed to help us She appears to be tired I'll arrange to meet you at the airport He asked to come with us I can't bear to wait in long lines He begged to come with us It began to rain I don't care to see that show 10 claim 11 consent 12 continue (*) 13 decide 14 demand 15 deserve 16 expect 17 fail 18 forget (*) 19 hate 10 nói, tuyên bố 11 lòng 12 tiếp tục 13 định 14 đòi 15 xứng đáng 16 mong 17 thất bại 18 quên 19 ghét 10 She claims to know a famous movie star 11 She finally consented to marry him 12 He continued to speak 13 I've decided to leave on Monday 14 I demand to know who is responsible 15 She deserves to win the prize 16 I expect to enter graduate school in the fall 17 She failed to return the book to the library on time 18 I forgot to mail the letter 19 I hate to make silly mistakes 20 hesistate 21 hope 22 learn 23 like (*) 20 ngần ngại 21 hy vọng 22 học 23 thích 20 Don't hesistate to ask for my help 21 Jack hopes to arrive next week 22 He learned to play the piano 23 I like to go to operas 24 love (*) 25 manage 26 mean 27 need 28 offer 29 plan 24 thích 25 xoay xở 26 có ý 27 cần 28 sẵn lòng 29 hoạch định 24 I love to go to the movies 25 She managed to finish her work early 26 I didn't mean to hurt your feelings 27 I need to have your opinion 28 They offered to help us 29 I am planning to have a party 30 prefer (*) 31 prepare 32 pretend 33 promise 34 refuse 35 regret (*) 36 remember (*) 37 seem 38 can't stand (*) 30 thích 31 chuẩn bị 32 giả vờ 33 hứa 34 từ chối 35 tiếc 36 nhớ 37 dường 38 không chịu 30 Ann prefers to walk to work 31 We prepareded to welcome them 32 He pretends not to understand 33 I promise not to be late 34 I refuse to believe his story 35 I regret to tell you that you failed 36 I remembered to lock the door 37 That cat seems to be friendly 38 I can't stand to wait in long lines 39 start (*) 40 struggle 41 swear 42 threaten 43 try (*) 44 volunteer 45 wait 46 want 47 wish 39 bắt đầu 40 phấn đấu 41 thề 42 dọa 43 cố gắng 44 tình nguyện 45 chờ 46 muốn 47 ước 39 It started to rain 40 I struggled to stay awake 41 She swore to tell the truth 42 She threatened to tell my parents 43 I'm trying to learn English 44 He volunteered to help us 45 I'll wait to hear from you 46 I want to tell you something 47 She wishes to come with us B Verbs Followed By A (Pr)Noun + An Infinitive Động từ + đại từ/ danh từ + to-Infinitive 48 advise (*) 49 allow 50 ask 51 beg 52 cause 48 khuyên 49 cho phép 50 yêu cầu 51 van xin 52 gây 48 She advised me to wait until tomorrow 49 She allowed me to use her car 50 I asked Toan to help us 51 They begged us to come 52 Her laziness caused her to fail 53 challenge 54 convince 53 thách thức 54 thuyết phục 53 She challenged me to race her to the corner 54 I couldn't convince him to accept our help 55 dare 56 encourage 57 expect 55 thách 56 khuyến khích 57 mong 55 He dared me to better than he had done 56 He encouraged me to try again 57 I expect you to be on time 58 forbid 59 force 60 hire 61 instruct 62 invite 58 cấm 59 buộc 60 thuê 61 dạy,chỉ thị 62 mời 58 I forbid you to tell him 59 They forced him to tell the truth 60 She hired a boy to mow the lawn 61 He instructed them to be careful 62 Minh invited the Nicks to come to his party 63 need 64 order 65 permit 66 persuade 67 remind 63 cần 64 yêu cầu 65 cho phép 66 thuyết phục 67 nhắc nhở 63 We needed him to help us figure out the solution 64 The judge ordered me to pay a fine 65 He permitted the children to stay up late 66 I persuaded him to come for a visit 67 She reminded me to lock the door 68 require 69 teach 70 tell 71 urge 72 want 73 warn 68 yêu cầu 69 dạy 70 bảo, nói 71 thúc giục 72 muốn 73 cảnh báo 68 Our teacher requires us to be on time 69 My brother taught me to swim 70 The doctor told me to take these pills 71 I urged her to apply for the job 72 I want you to be happy 73 I warned you not to drive too fast