Reported speech ok

REPORTED SPEECH Cách nói gián tiếp 1.. Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau: - Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại, khi chuyển sa

REPORTED SPEECH

( Cách nói gián tiếp)

1 Câu trần thuật gián tiếp : Reported statements.

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần lưu ý một

số vấn đề sau:

- Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại, khi chuyển sang gián tiếp chúng

ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ cũng không đổi

Ex: He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week”

 He says he is going to Ha Noi next week

- Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc

Ex: Tony said "My parents are very well"

 Tony said that his parents were very well

He said to me: “ I haven’t finished my work.”

 He told me (that) he hadn’t finished his work.

Note : said to  told

- Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp; các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, đại từ : (nhân xưng, tân ngữ, chỉ định) , Tính từ sở hữu được chuyển đổi theo quy tắc sau:

will / shall  would/should today  that day

am/ is / are going to  was / were going

to

tonight  that night

the following day Present continuous  Past continuous yesterday  the day before/ the

previous day last night  the night before/

previous night Past continuous  Past perfect

continuous

ago  before

Present perfect Past perfect here  there

my, our  his/ her, their

2 Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp : Reported commands.

Ex: Tom said: “Please wait for me here, Mary”

 Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

Ex : “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said

 The teacher told students not to talk in class.

Công thức: S + told / advised / commanded /requested … + O + (not) to V 0

Note : Một số động từ hay dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp: advise, ask,

beg, command, encourage, entreat, expect, forbid, implore, instruct, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn

3 Câu hỏi gián tiếp : Reported questions.

a Câu h i nghi v n: Yes/No questions: ỏ ấ

Ex: “Did you see this film?” Minh asked

 Minh asked me if / whether I had seen that film.

“ Do you like sports?” Lan said

 Lan wanted to know if I liked sports

Công thức: S + asked ( + O) / wanted to know / wondered + if/whether + S + V

b.Wh- questions:

Ex: They asked us: “Where are you going on holiday?”

Form: S + asked ( + O )/ wanted to know / wondered + Wh + S +V

4

Trường hợp đặc biệt : Special cases (giữ nguyên thì của đtừ chính)

 Đông từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có t/gian xác định.

Ex: He said,”I was born in 1980.”

 He said that he was born in 1980

 Câu điều kiện lọai 2,3:

Ex: He said,”If I were you , I wouldn’t come here.”

 Past subjunctive: ( trong wish – clause , as if … )

Ex: Mary said, I wish I were a boy.”

 Trong lời nói trực tiếp có : could , would , should , might , used to , ought to , would rather , had better …

Ex: Tom said to me “ You had better not contact her.”

 Tom told me I had better not contact her.

 Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý.

Ex: My teacher said “the sun rises in the East.”

 My teacher said the sun rises in the East.

Exercise 1: Put into indirect speech ( Reported Speech).

1.He said: “I shall expect her”



2.He said: “I can’t find my hat”



3.She said: “I am going to the movies tomorrow”



4.Lan said to me: “You are looking much better”



5.He says: “The river is rising early this year”



6.She said to me: “I will do it if necessary I can”

7.He said to his friend: “Did you see the accident yesterday?”



8.John said to me: “How did you come here?”



9.He said: “Have you finished your task, Nam?”



10.He said: “Yesterday evening I met Nam He has bought a new car”



11." Is this your new calculator, Mai?" Nam asked

 Nam 12." Tell me what you saw at the party yesterday?" I said to Tom

 I 13.“ Do you know how far the drug store is?” The foreigner asked me

 The foreigner

14.“Can I use your phone?” he said to me

 He asked

15 Nancy said: “Why didn’t you call me, John?’

Nancy wanted

16 “Teacher, give us better marks, please” the pupils said

The pupils

17 Mr Smith said to her: "Where will you go on your vacation?”

Mr Smith asked

18.He said: “I am very proud of my parents, Daisy”

He told

5 Reported speech with To Infinitive (to V 0 ) and Gerund (V -ing )

a) With infinitive : khi thuật lại một lời yêu cầu(với told, asked, demanded) , một lời khuyên (với advised), một lời hứa (với promised), một đề nghị (với

offered), một lời mời (với invited) hay một sự nhắc nhớ (với reminded)

Eg : a) “ You had better not tell lies to others”, his mother said

 His mother advised him not to tell lies to others.

b) “ I’ll wake you up tomorrow” said he to me

 He promised to wake me up the following day.

Note: Verb uses ( Lưu ý cách sử dụng động từ )

Advise ( khuyên), aks/ tell/ ( bảo); invite

(mời); beg(cầu xin); encourage( động viên);

order(ra lệnh), force(bắt buộc); urge(giục),

persuade ( thuyết phục)

Hope( hi vọng), threaten(đe dọa); volunteer(tình nguyện); offer( tỏ ý muốn); refuse ( từ chối), promise ( hứa), agree ( đồng ý)

b) With Gerund : khi thuật lại một lời chúc mừng, lời xin lỗi, một đề nghị, một ước

mơ, lời cảm ơn, sự cảnh báo, sự trách móc, sự thú nhận hay chối bỏ vv Các cấu trúc động từ này thường là :

Form: Verb + (OBJECT) + Preposition + (NOT) V-ing

We don’t use “say” in this structure.

Note : Some verbs followed by object + preposition + gerund :

+ forgive O for V-ing: tha thứ cho ai vì đã làm gì.

+ thank O for V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì đã làm gì.

+ congratulate O on V-ing: chúc mừng ai vì đã làm gì

+ accuse O of V-ing: trách móc, tố cáo ai vì đã làm gì.

+ blame O for V-ing : khiển trách , đổ lỗi cho ai vì đã làm gì

+ warn O against V-ing: cảnh báo ai tránh khỏi việc gì

+ prevent O from V-ing: ngăn cản ai đừng làm gì

+ stop O from V-ing : Ngừng/ ngăn ai đừng làm gì

+ apologize (to O) for V-ing: Xin lỗi (ai) vì đã làm gì

+ insist (O)on V-ing : năn nỉ (ai) được làm gì

+ dream of V-ing : mơ về việc gì

+ look forward to V-ing : nóng lòng / mong …

+ think of V-ing: nghĩ về việc gì

+ admit V-ing : thú nhận việc gì

+ deny V-ing : chối bỏ việc gì

+ suggest V-ing: Gợi ý việc gì

+ regret V-ing: Hối tiếc vì đã làm gì

Eg: a) “ You sent me a pretty card Thank you for it”, said Jane to Tom

 Jane thanked Tom for sending/having sent her a pretty card.

b) “ Let’s me pay for your meal I really want”, Tom said to his friend, Daisy

 Tom insisted on paying for Daisy’s meal.

c) "I am sorry, I am late"  He apologized for being lte

Exercise 2: Change direct speech into reported speech:

1 “Thanks for helping me "Mary said

Mary thanked

2 “I’ll drive you to the airport I insist, "John said to Linda

John insisted

3 “I’m happy you have passed the final exams Congratulations!" Jim said to you

Jim congratulated

4 “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner Thank you, "Miss White said to Peter

Miss White thanked

5 'If I were you, I'd read the exam questions very carefully.' said the teacher to us

 The teacher advised

6 “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier, "Margaret said to you

Margaret apologized

7 “I have always wanted to be a pilot, "Paul said to you

 Paul has always dreamed of

8 “You didn’t do what I said, "the mother said to her son

 The mother accused

9 She said, "Children, stay away from the water”

 She warned

10 “You damaged my bicycle, John! "Said Margaret

 Margaret accused

11 'It’s better to have the theater built next to the town hall.' they said

 They offered

12 'Okay, I'll collect David from school ', said his father

 David’ father promised

13 'Please stay for a few more days.' she said to us

 She invited

14 'We'll fight the ban on smoking in public places.', said the heavy smokers

 The heavy smokers threatened

15 “I imagine I'll see Olivia at the party.' said Tom

 Tom hoped

16 'Let me take the children into town.', he said

 He volunteered

17 'I must have made a mistake in the calculations.'

 Mr Forest admitted

18 'I'll pay for the meal.'

 Sarah insisted

19 'Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'

 Neil suggested

20 'I'm sorry I couldn't come to visit you last summer.' said Kate to me

 Kate apologized

21 'I hear you won the championship Congratulations!' said Dane

 Dane congratulated

22 'I wish I'd asked for his name and address.' said Mary

 Mary regretted

23 'You've dirtied the floor, children.' said Mrs Brown

 Mrs Brown accused

24 'You mustn't drink too much caffeine.' Marta said to me

 Marta warned

25 'It's not true! I have never been arrested!' Larry said

 Larry denied

26 ‘ If I were you, I’d read the exam questions very carefully.’ Teacher said

Teacher advised

Minh

27 ‘ You had better not waste your time, Betty.’ Tom said

Tom advised

28 ‘ I image I’ll see Sue at the party.’ john said

John hoped

29 “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, I said to him

I told

30 “Remember to give your parents my regard, Lan” Nam said

Nam reminded

31 “Don’t play with the matches!" I said to Jack

I warned

32 'Don't swim out too far, boys.' said the pool guard

 The pool guard warned

Exercise 3 Change the following sentences into the indirect speech, using the verbs

in brackets:

1.Nga said that she was sorry she dropped the jug.(apologise)



2.The policeman said that the thief stole the bicycle.(accuse)



3.The thief said that he didn’t take the bicycle.(deny)



4.Tom said that he would drive Kate to the station.(insist)

 5.Ba said that he broke the mobile phone.(admit)

 6.Daivid said that ha always wanted to be a rich man.(dream)

 7.The manager told the visitors not to stay at the hotel near the airport.(warn)



8 Peter said “Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?”(suggest)

 9.“John, remember to pay the watch to me.” (remind)



10 “Don’t use the telephone after eleven o’clock” (TELL)



11 “Please, give me money” (BEG)



12 “Don’t go away!” (ADVISE)



13 “Go and buy some meat ! Don’t be long!”(ORDER)



14 “I’ll take you to town” (OFFER)



15 “My friend will eat all food in fridge” (AGREE)



Exercise 4 Multiple Choice.

1 “ Do you like this book?”

 He asked me if I that book

(like ; liked; to like; liking)

2 “Let’s go out for a walk, shall we ?”

 She suggested for a walk

(go out; to go out; going out; went out)

3 His wife said to him , “ Write to me as soon as you can ”

 His wife asked him to write as soon as could

(she/he; her/him; her/ he ; she/him)

4 “I will do it for you, Mary”, Peter said

 Peter to do it for Marry

(suggested; ordered; asked; promised)

5 “You cheated in the exam", the teacher said to his students (gian l nậ )

 The teacher his students cheating in the exam

( told/of; accused/on; accused/of; told/to)

6 “Thank you very much for your help, John," said Daisy

 Daisy John his help

( thanked/ for; thanked on; asked/ for d.; asked/on)

7 “If I were you, I wouldn’t lend her any money”

 He advised me her any money

a to lend b lending c not to lend c not lending

8 “Tell me what is happening to you”

 She wanted to know to me

9 “Would you like to spend the weekend with us?”

They her to spend the weekend with them

(advised; ordered; invited; begged)

10 “Could you open the window please?”

 She him to open the window

(reminded; ordered; asked; warned)

11 “Go to bed immediately!”

 Mary’s mother her to go to bed immediately

a advised b begged c asked d ordered

12 “Don’t forget to post the letter!”

 He me to post the letter

- The