1 -Câu chủ động và -Câu bị động tenses các thì active chủ động passive bị động 1.. Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ S, động từ V, và tân ngữ O thì mới có thể biến sang câu
Trang 11
-Câu chủ động và -Câu bị động tenses (các thì) active (chủ động) passive (bị động)
1 The simple present
Thì hiện tại đơn giản S+ V(s, es) +O S + am/ is / are + PO 2 + by
2 The present continuous
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn S +am / is / are + V +ing + O S +am / is / are + being +P2 + by O
3 The present perfect
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành S + have / has + P2 + O S + have / has + been + P+ by O 2
4 The simple past
Thì quá khứ đơn giản S + V + ed + O S + were / was + P2 + by O
5 The past continuous
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn S + were / was + V + ing + O S + were / was + being + P+ by O 2
6 The past perfect
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 + O S + had +been + P2 + by O
7 The near future
Thì tơng lai gần S + is/am/ are + going to + V(infinitive) + O S + am/is/are + going to +be +P2 + by O
8 The simple future
Thì tơng lai đơn giản S + will / shall + V (infinitive)+ O S + will/ shall + be + Pby O 2 + một số quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
1 Câu chủ động phải có đủ 3 thành phần : chủ ngữ (S), động từ (V), và tân ngữ (O) thì mới có thể biến sang câu bị động Trong đó tân ngữ phải chịu tác động của hành động
Ví dụ: "She has got a dog" không thể chuyển sang câu bị động
"She reads." không có tân ngữ nên không thể chuyển sang câu bị động
2 Cách chuyển đổi
Active (chủ động) Passive (bị động) chủ ngữ (S) → tân ngữ (O)
3 Dấu hiệu nhận biết (time expression) của câu chủ động và bị động giống nhau
4 Dùng câu bị động khi:
- Không biết ngời thực hiện hành động
- Không quan tâm đến ngời thực hiện hành động
- Chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân hành động
5 Có thể bỏ By + O nếu O là các tr ờng hợp sau:
- Các đại từ bất định: Someone, Every body
- People, You, Them
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
1 The room is cleaned everyday.
- Somebody ……….
2 They cancelled all the flights because of fog.( to cancel: hoãn)
- All the flights ………
3 This road is not used very often.
- This road ………
4 How do people learn languages?
- People ……….
5 People advised us not to go out alone.( to advise: khuyên)
- We ………
6 The girl did not give me the money.
- I ………
- The money ……….
7 A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ………
8 Nobody told me the story.
- I ……….
- The story ……….
9 Oil lamps were used years ago.
- People ……….
Trang 22
-10 When did they open that hospital?
- When ………
11 The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation from the sun.( to protect: b¶o vÖ)
- The earth ………
12 Did anyone see you come in?
- Were you ………?
13 She'll be told which bus to catch.
- Someone ……….
14 The house was broken into.
- Somebody………
15 He was not taken care of by his mother.
- His mother……….
16 They will inform you the result of the exam by letter.( to inform: th«ng b¸o)
- You ……….
- The result ……….
17 When will the shop be opened?
- ………they………?
18 They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now.
- Fish ……….
19 A textbook will be published by that company next year.( to publish: xuÊt b¶n)
- That company……….
20 I was told to change the way by my friends.
- My friends ……….
21 Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
- Many famous plays ……….
22 Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann ………
23 Is the course taught by professor Jackson?
- Does ?
24 Doctor Ikeda developed that theory.( to develop: ph¸t triÓn)
- That theory ………
25 A storm destroyed the small fishing village.( to destroy: ph¸ huû)
- The small ……….
26 The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.
- Hundreds of people
27 The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today.
- Paper, ………
28 Jim’s daughter drew that picture.
- That picture ………
29 A new roof was put on last year.
- They………
30 Someone empties the dustbins every Thursday.
- The dustbins ………
31 She delivers milk at about six o’clock
- Milk ………
32 They will probably send him back to Britain.
- He ………
33 They found him dead in his flat early this morning.
- He ……….
34 A doctor examined the elephant.
- The elephant ………
35 They took it back to the zoo.
- It ………
36 The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000.(fee: møc chuyÓn nhîng)
- He ………
37 Stephen made this film in Hollywood last year.
- This film ……….
38 Irish fisherman used this kind of boat one thousand years ago.
Trang 33
This kind ………
39 Redwood took the photos during his voyage.
- The photos ………
40 Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album.
- All the songs ………
41 They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover.( to print: in)
- The words ………
42 They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week.(to repeat: nhắc lại)
- This documentary ………
43 Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird ………
44 This kind of bird is protected by laws.( to protect: bảo vệ)
- Laws……….
45 The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He ………
46 He will be given some money by the company when he retires
- The company ………
- Some money ………
47 Rossi produced “ War in Space “.
- “War in Space” ………
48 She bought some tulips yesterday.
- Some tulips ………
49 He usually washes his car every Sunday morning.
- His car ………
50 His experiment was carried out ten years ago.( to carry: thực hiện)
- He ………
51 They grow rice in the north.
- Rice ………
52 The postman was bitten by our dog.( to bite- bit- bitten: cắn, đốt)
- Our dog ………
53 What did he write with it?
- What was ………?
54 They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.(to hold- held- held: tổ chức)
- An international ………
55 The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago.
- Windmills ………
56 I’ll meet her at the airport.
- She ………
ACTIVE - PASSIVE 11 th grade - TEST
Time: 15 mins Change the active into the passive.
1 Bill will invite Ann to the party.
- Ann………
2 I didn't write that letter.
- That letter………
3 Hundreds of people visit the White House everyday.
- The White House……….
4 Everyone doesn't know this fact very well.
- This fact……….
5 Do you wash the dishes everyday?
- Are………?
Trang 44
-1 Shakespeare wrote that play.
- That play………
2 Does Jackson give that lecture?
- Is ………?
3 They will send you the money at the end of the month.
- You……….
4 People speak Spanish in many countries.
- Spanish………
5 The children often read stories in the evening.
- Stories……….
1 Alice didn't make that cake.
- That cake……….
2 They buy newspapers everywhere in the city.
- Newspapers ………
3.That company will publish a textbook next year.
- A textbook ……….
4 She delivers milk at about six o’clock
- Milk ………
5 Somebody cleans the room everyday.
- The room ……….
1 A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
- I ………
2 They will probably send him back to Britain.
- He ………
3 Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland.
- This kind of bird ………
4 They grow rice in the north.
- Rice ………
5 We don't raise cows on our farm.
- Cows ………
1 People used oil-lamps years ago.
- Oil-lamps ……….
2 The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant.
- He ………
3 The old woman feeds fowls twice a day.
- The fowls ………
4 Does he often clean the windows?
- Are……….?
5 She doesn't grow any trees in her garden.
- Trees ………
1 The company will give him some money when he retires
- When he retires, he ………
2 They took it back to the zoo.
- It ………
3 Someone picks the fruits everyday.
- Fruits………
4 Does the girl do the housework?
- Is ……… ?
5 They don't drive out the cattle to the field in the winter.
- The cattle………
Trang 55
-1 The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000.
- He ………
2 I’ll meet her at the airport.
- She ………
3 Japan makes a lot of cars.
- Cars………
4 They don't keep cows over there.
- Cows ………
5 Does machine do most of the farm work?
- Is ………?
Trang 66
-ACTIVE AND PASSIVE 12
57 Somebody cleans the room everyday
- The room ………
58 They cancelled all the flights because of fog
- All the flights ………
59 People do not use this road very often
- This road ………
60 How do people learn languages?
- How ………
61 People advised us not to go out alone
- We ………
62 They are going to build a supermarket next year
- A supermarket ………
63 She is using the computer at the moment
- The computer ………
64 They are opening a new ring road round the city
- A new ring road ………
65 They have built a big hospital which costs much money
- A big hospital ………
66 The girl did not give me the money
- I ………
- The money ………
67 A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview
- I ………
68 Nobody told me the story
- I ………
- The story ………
69 About 30 million people are watching this program
- This program ………
70 They are building some new houses down the street
- Some new houses ………
71 They have moved nothing in your room
- Nothing ………
72 People used oil-lamps years ago
- Oil-lamps ………
73 When did they open that hospital?
- When ………
74 The atmosphere protects the earth from harmful radiation from the sun
- The earth ………
75 Did anyone see you come in?
- Were you ………?
76 He hates people staring at him
- He hates being ………
77 Someone will tell her which bus to catch
- She ………
Trang 77
-78 Thieves broke into the house
- The house ………
79 His mother did not take care of him
- He ………
80 They will inform you the result of the exam by letter
- You ………
- The result ………
81 When will they open the shop?
- When ………
82 They will serve fish to the guests about ten minutes from now
- Fish ………
83 They have sold thousands of CD machines since 1980
- Thousands ………
84 That company will publish a textbook next year
- A textbook ………
85 My friends told me to change the way
- I ………
86 Shakespeare wrote many famous plays
- Many famous plays ………
87 Bill will invite Ann to the party
- Ann ………
88 Alex is preparing that report
- That report ………
89 The teacher is going to explain the lesson
- The lesson ………
90 Kathy had returned the book to the library
- The book ………
91 Does professor Jackson teach that course?
- Is the course ………?
92 Is Mrs Brown painting your house?
- Is your house ……….?
93 Doctor Ikeda developed that theory
- That theory ………
94 A storm destroyed the small fishing village
- The small ………
95 Hundreds of people visit the Washington Monument each day
- The Washington Monument ………
96 The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today
- Paper, ………
97 Jim’s daughter drew that picture
- That picture ………
98 They put on a new roof last year
- A new roof ………
99 Someone empties the dustbins every Thursday
- The dustbins ………
100 She delivers milk at about six o’clock
- Milk ………
101 They are going to finish a new school in the village next year
- A new school ………
102 The police are questioning the man
- The man ………
103 They will probably send him back to Britain
- He ………
104 Since then people have seen him in 10 different countries
- He ………
105 They found him dead in his flat early this morning
- He ………
106 They are watching all the airports and ports
- All the ………
107 A doctor examined the elephant
- The elephant ………
108 They took it back to the zoo
- It ………
109 The club bought him 2 years ago for a fee of $20 000
- He ………
110 Stephen made this film in Hollywood last year
- This film ………
Trang 88
-111 Irish fisherman used this kind of boat one thousand years ago
- This kind ………
112 Redwood took the photos during his voyage
- The photos ………
113 Lisa wrote all the songs on this new album
- All the songs ………
114 They print the words to all the songs on the back of the cover
- The words ………
115 They will repeat this documentary on BBC next week
- This documentary ………
116 Now people find this kind of bird in only a few remote places in Scotland
- This kind of bird ………
117 Law protects this kind of bird
-This kind of bird ………
118 She has not changed the flowers
- The flowers ………
119 They have prepared tables for lunch
-Tables ………
120 Somebody is listening to my phone calls
-My phone calls ………
121 Someone had stolen his car
- His car ………
122 Someone had broken the windows
- The windows ………
123 The boss will meet him tomorrow in the restaurant
- He ………
124 The company will give him some money when he retires
- He ………
- Some money ………
125 Rossi produced “ War in Space “
- “War in Space” ………
126 They are showing the film at Leicester Square
- The film ………
127 Who is going to feed the babies?
- By whom ………
128 They are repairing the road leading to the city centre
- The road ………
129 They have repaired the road which leads to the village
- The road ………
130 She bought some tulips yesterday
- Some tulips ………
131 He usually washes his car every Sunday morning
- His car ………
132 Our teacher of English has taught us the passive voice
- We ………
- The passive voice ………
133 His experiment was carried out ten years ago
- He ………
134 They haven’t done much
- Much ………
135 I’ve written these sentences in different ways
- These sentences ………
136 They grow rice in the north
- Rice ………
137 They are building a market near the hospital
- A market ………
138 When we came, they were repairing the roof of the house
- When we came, the roof ………
139 We are going to select him for the team
- He ………
140 They had finished the work before they went out
- The work ………
141 The postman was bitten by our dog
- Our dog ………
142 What did he write with it?
- What was ………?
143 Man is cutting down forests
Trang 99
Forests ………
144 The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house
- Plans ………
145 They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month
- An international ………
146 That factory is producing more and more pollution
- More and more pollution ………
147 The Persian invented windmills around 500 years ago
- Windmills ………
148 I’ll meet her at the airport
- She ………
149 Has anyone told you about it yet?
- Have you ……….?
- Has it ……….?
150 No one has asked me that question before
- I ………
95 This place was designed by a French architect
- A French ………
96 Huge pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians
- The ancient ………
97 My car has been repaired by this mechanic
- This mechanic ………
98 This milk is brought to my door by Tom
- Tom ………
99 An old man was hit by the car ( hit - hit - hit )
- The car ………
100 Good progress is being made by John in his studies
- John ………
101 He will be seen off at the airport
- They ………
102 More schools are going to be built in the city
- People ………
103 This building has been pulled down
- They ………
104 This room has not been used for years
- Nobody ………
- People ………
105 Things are stolen from supermarkets every day
- Someone ………
106 Nothing had been moved until the police came
- They ………
107 I wasn't introduced to any of the guests at the party last night
- Noone ………
108 Our salary is going to be increased
- They ………
109 For a long time the Earth was believed to be flat
- People ………
110 This old oak is said to be over 200 years old
- People ………
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE - WORD CHOICE
282 They signed the contract at lunchtime In passive voice, this should be:
a They were signed the contract at lunchtime
b At lunchtime the contract were signed by them
c The contract at lunchtime was signed by them
d The contract was signed at lunchtime
283 The police are questioning him at their headquarter
a The police are being questioned at their headquarter
b He was questioned at their headquarter
c He's being questioned by the police at their headquarter
d He was being questioned by the police at their headquarter
Trang 1010