Some Time Expressions with the Present Perfect (Một số cụm từ thời gian hoàn thành) HOW LONG How long have you known Jack? I am not really sure how long I have had this car FOR + a duration of time My brother has been sick for days I haven’t skied for ages SINCE + a point of time My brother has been sick since Tuesday I haven’t skied since approximately 2005 LATELY / RECENTLY Have you read any interesting books lately / recently? Lately / Recently, I haven’t read any good books Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey JUST I have just started my yoga class I’ve just heard your good news ALREADY I’ve already heard the news We have already seen that film We have seen that film already YET (used in negative and interrogative sentences) (YET dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi) Has the train from Heathrow arrived yet? I haven’t finished my assigned project yet ALWAYS Normally, we use ALWAYS in the present perfect tense to show that something was true in the past, and it is still true in the present (Thông thường, always dùng với hoàn thành để việc tồn từ khứ còn) I have always loved wild animals (= I loved wild animals when I was young, and now I still love them) I have always written with my right hand EVER (used in interrogative sentences) (EVER dùng câu hỏi) Have you ever been to any English-speaking countries? Page of Have you ever visited our furniture showroom? 10 NEVER (used in affirmative sentences, but with negative meaning) (NEVER dùng câu khẳng định, mang nghĩa phủ định Do đó, câu có NEVER không tồn từ phủ định NOT) She has never been to any English-speaking countries I have never gone shopping alone 11 BEFORE Have you met him before? I think I’ve seen that film before I haven’t been to Britain before 12 SO FAR = UNTIL NOW = UP TO NOW (cho đến bây giờ) So far / Until now / Up to now I have finished reading the first chapters I have finished reading the first chapters so far / until now / up to now 13 ONCE / TWICE / MANY TIMES, ETC (to show the number of times that the action has happened up to now – số lần xảy hành động đó) I’ve been to Ireland once / twice We’ve been there many times / several times / a lot of times The terrorists have attacked the city five times 14 DURING / FOR THE LAST / PAST + YEARS (to describe something that happened in the past and still lasts up to now; however, the lime has been limited) (dùng để miêu tả việc xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tại; nhiên khoảng thời gian bị giới hạn lại) Have you been to Mexico during the last/past years? (the time is limited: years) Have you been to Mexico for the last/past years? There have been many wild fires during / for the last/past 10 years The number of wild animals has decreased gradually during / for the past/last 25 years Page of