Đảo từ trong tiếng anh

Trong tiếng anh, đảo từ được dùng để nhấn mạnh và dùng trong văn viết.Đảo từ gồm 2 loại là: đảo ngữ và đảo trật tự từ ở trong câu. Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ, ta sử dụng trợ động từ đứng trước chủ ngữ để nhấn mạnh

ĐẢO TỪ (inversion) I.Đảo từ MĐ so sánh có sử dụng liên từ “as” MĐ (MĐC) + as + trợ từ +S Eg: -She is fond of music as are many of you -I think, as you, that she is a good girl ( = I think that she is a good girl as you.) II.Đảo từ với MĐ đối lập Although/though +S + tobe/maybe/seem/sound+adj, MĐC  Adj as/though +S +tobe/maybe/seem/sound Eg: -although it may be difficult, you must finish it =>Difficult as/though it may be, you must finhish it -Although she is clever, she must work hard =>Clever as/though she is, she must work hard III.Đảo từ với MĐ kết 1.S + tobe+ so+adj+that+ MĐ kết S + V +so+adv+that+ MĐ kết Eg: -She is so poor that she can’t buy this coat -She sang so well that she was asked to sing the song again Đảo từ: đảo “so+adj/adv” lên đầu câu Eg: => So poor is she that she can’t buy this coat =>So well did she sing that she was asked to sing the song again 2.S (là N cấu tạo từ Adj) + tobe+such that+ MĐ kết : Đảo từ : -S chuyển adj sở hữu Eg: she -> her Nam -> Nam’s -Adj chuyển thành N Eg: poor -> poverty -Tobe để nguyên -So -> such Eg: - She is so poor that she seldom eats out =>Her poverty is such that she seldom eats out => Such is her poverty that she seldom eats out.) -He is so strong that he can work 12 hours a day => Such is his strength that he can work 12 hours a day 3.MĐ kết có sử dụng So great (adv)/ So much (adj) +N  Such … Eg: -The question is so great that I’ll think it over  Such is the question that I’ll think it over -There was so much uncertainty that I refused to invest my money in it => Such was the uncertainty that I refused to invest my money in it IV.Đảo từ với trường hợp có sử dụng cụm từ với “no, not” S + V(-) under/in any circumsyances : dù hoàn cảnh không  Under/in no circumstances… Eg: -You mustn’t tell her that I met you under any circumstances Under no circumstances must you tell her that I met you S + V(-) on any account : dù điều kiện, hoàn cảnh không…  On no account…  Eg: -She can’t use the office phone on any account On no account can she use the office phone S + V(-) on any condition : dù tronmg hoàn cảnh không…  On no condition…  Eg: -They mustn’t contact him –a dangerous spy- on any condition On no condition must they contac him- a dangerous spy S + V(-) a/one +N : dù 1…cũng không  Not one +N  Eg: -My director doesn’t know a/one English word Not one English word does my director know S + V(-) once(1) dù lần…cũng không  Not once  Note: “once(1)” đứng cuối câu Eg: -When she was here, she didn’t invite me out once Not once did she invite me out when she was here S + never + V : giây phút nào…(mang nghĩa hoàn toàn phủ định)  At no time…  Eg: -She never complain about his teaching English to her At no time does she complain about his teaching English to her S + V(-) in any way : dù không  In no way…  Eg: -I can’t be blamed for her failue in any way In no way can I be blamed for her failue in any way Nowhere : nơi (-) *trong câu có sẵn “nowhere” Eg: -you can’t find a better school than this one nowhere  Nowhere can you finda better school than this one  *S + V(-)…any where Eg: -You can’t employ a more dedicated worker than him anywhere Nowhere can you employ a more dedicated worker than him Not only…but also nối V có đảo từ  Eg: -She not only loves him but also controls him Not only does she love him but also control him 10 S+ V(-) that + MĐ until + MĐ thời gian: tới khi…  Not until…  Eg: -The girl didn’t know that she had left the bag on the bus until she got home Not until the girl got home did she know that she had left the bag on the bus  Not until she got home did the girl know that she had left the bag on the bus  V.Đảo từ với câu có sử dụng adv bán (-) (-) hoàn toàn S+ V(-) + obj => Little…: không… Eg: -The government doesn’t pay attention to the worker’s life  Little does the government pay attention to the worker’s life Never/never before/never again Eg: -I never forgive those who break the class rules  Never I forgive those who break the class rules -She has never been abroad before   Never before has she been abroad Never has she been abroad before -I’ll never come back to this restaurant again   Never will I come back to this restaurant again Never again will I come back to this restaurant Rarely : *Nếu “rarely” đứng đầu câu mà S anybody, anyone, anything : đảo từ *Còn lại trường hợp khác phải đảo từ Eg: -It rarely rains heavily in winter  Rarely does it rain heavily in winter Barely : Eg: -Mary barely eats egg for breakfast  Barely does Mary eat egg for breakfast Scarely: Hiếm Eg: -My husband scarely buys anything for me on valentire Day  Scarely does my husband buy anything for me on Valentire Day Seldom: Hiếm Eg: -It seldom pours with rain in autumn  Seldom does it pour with rain in autumn No sooner…than…:vừa mới…thì đã… Eg: -She had no sooner come than she left today  No sooner had she come than she left today Hardly/scarely/barely QK1 (QKHT), QK2 (QKĐ) = No sooner…than…: hành động QK1 vừa kết thúc hành động QK2 liền xảy VI.Đảo từ có “only” với cụm từ, lien từ, giới từ Only after + N : sau Eg: -Only after her husband’s death did she move to London 2 Only after doing/having done : sau làm gì… Eg: Only after having done haft through the test did they realize that the test was not easy as they had thought Only after+ MĐ,…( dung trường hợp S MĐ khác nhau) Eg: -Only after the robbers had left did the police arrive -Only after it had stop raining did we set off Only when: sau Eg: Only when I got home did I realize that I had lost all the money 5.Only later: sau Eg: Only later did I know that he was my friend’s son 6.Only by doing : cách… Eg: Only by practicing speaking English gradually can you speak it fluently 7.Only in this way : cách Eg: You must ask him for help soon.Only this way can you solve the problem 8.Only if: với điều kiện Eg: Only if you swear to tell the truth will I forgive you 9.Only because of+ N + doing/ one’s doing Eg: -Only because of the bad weather did they cancel the match -Only because of her being careless, he died -Only because of working/my working hard, I am exhausted 10.Only because + MĐ Eg: Only because it rained heavily Did we put off our journey   Only because of the heavy rain did we put off our journey Only because of it raining did we put off our journey 11.Only with N Eg: Only with hard work will they put their dream into reality 12.Only then : đến Eg: She came to see him last week Only then did she realize how important the family is * * * * * * *BÀI TẬP I.choose the best answer 1.Only when you grow up, the truth about her A.you will know B.you know C.do you know D.will you know 2.Not until 1999…in this place A.the first hospital was built B.the first hospital had been built C.was the first hospital built D.did the first hospital build 3.Rarely …on the river like this A.hotels are built C.are hotels built B.have hotels been built D.did hotels build 4.Nowhere in the northern part of the United States…for gowing citrus crops A.the climate is suitable B.where the climate is suitable C.is there suitability of the climate D.is the climate suitable 5.Not one single word…to me about his work When I asked him A.he did say B.did he say C.would he say D.had he said 6.Only because she was absent from class for a long time…up with her classmates A.she couldn’t keep B.can’t she keep c.could she not keep D.couldn’t she keep 7.On no condition…fire without warning A.are they to open B.are they not to open C.they are not to open D.they are to open 8….they bought the house than they signed the contract to have it refurnished A.Hardly had B No longer had C No sooner had D.Not until 9… he to have been careful, he wouldn’t have make such a terrible mistake A.Had B.Should C.Were D.If 10….she to know where the man is, she would tell the police A.If B.Were C.Had D.Was ***Đáp án 1.D 6.C 2.C 7.A 3.C 8.C 4.D 9.C 5.B 10.B II.Viết lại câu dựa vào từ gợi ý: 1.I have never heard a weaker excuse in my life => Never… 2.Our team has seldom given a worse performance => Seldom… 3.The government appreciates little what the result would be =>little… 4.The flood was so devastating that some areas may never recover =>so… 5.The facts were not all made public until later => Only later… 6.Mary broke her leg and also injured her shoulder => Not only… 7.The excused never expressed regret for What he had done =>At no time… 8.Just after the film started, there was a power failue => Hardly… 9.If was not common for hẻ to make these silly mistakes =>Rarely… 10.If she has cheated the teacher, she will have to be punished severely => Should…