ADVERBIAL CLAUSE full

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE - MNH TRNG NG Averbial clause of time (Mnh trng ng ch thi gian) a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch thi gian l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh thi gian m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh thc hin/xy b Cỏc t thng dựng: Mnh trng ng ch thi gian thng bt u bng liờn t ch thi gian: Before, after, as soon as (ngay sau khi), while (trong khi), when, as (khi), until (mói cho n khi),till (mói cho n khi), once (khi m, mi khi), by the time (ngay khi), whenever (bt c no), just as(ngay khi) Ex: She had finished her homework before her mother came home When you become an adult, you will know the truth While they were having lunch, she said nothing to him => Lu ý: khụng c dựng thỡ tng lai mnh trng ng ch thi gian Ex: Ill drink a cup of tea before I leave (Correct) Ill drink a cup of tea before Ill leave (Incorrect) Averbial clause of perpose (Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch) a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh, bng cỏch xỏc nh mc ớch m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh xy b Cỏc t thng dựng: Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch thng c bt u bng: So that; in order that ( m); lest (ko m); for fear that (e rng, s rng) in case (e rng, phũng khi) Ex: She is studing hardmain clause so that she can pass the next examsub clause We left the house early lest we would muss the first train We tiptoed in order that we wouldn t make the baby up => Lu ý: din t ch mc ớch chỳng ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc t hoc cm t sau: * In order/ so as + for + noun/ phrase + to infinitive: cho ai/ cỏi gỡ lm gỡ Ex: In order for a film to be interesting, it must have a good plot In order for your child to be respectful, you must educate him very early * For + N/Ving Ex: She went to market for some eggs * To/ So as to/ in order to + bare infinitive: lm gỡ ú Ex: She is studing hard to/so as to/ in order to be able to pass the next exam Hỡnh thc ph nh: So as not to + bare infinitive In order not to + bare infinitive Ex: We left the house early so as not to miss the first train * With a view toprep + (not) V-ing: (ng) lm gỡ Ex: We left the house early with a view to not missing the first train She is studying hard with a view to being able to pass the next exam * Subject + Verb + lest/ for fear that + Subject + should/ may/ might + Verb Ex: They will start early lest we should miss the 1st train Averbial clause of reason a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch lý do/ nguyờn nhõn l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh lý do/ nguyờn nhõn m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh c thc hin b Cỏc t thng dựng: Mnh trng ng ch lý thng c bt u bng cỏc mt cỏc liờn t sau: Because, for, since, as, in as much as, now that, seeing that (u cú ngha l bi vỡ) (Trong trng hp mnh trng ng ch lý thỡ as mang ngha l Bi vỡ Trong trng hp mnh ch thi gian thỡ as cú ngha l Khi) Ex: Because she is old, she retires Now that my mother has been away, I am cooking by myself => Lu ý 1: * Liờn t ch lý do/nguyờn nhõn "for" thng khụng ng u cõu Ex: They cancelled the match for it rained heavily * Cõu cú cha mnh trng ng ch lý s khụng thay i v mt ng ngha ta b liờn t ch lý (because, for, since, as, in as much as, now that) mnh ny v thờm liờn t ch kt qu (so)vo trc mnh Ex: They cancelled the match for it rained heavily It rained heavily so they cancelled the match Because she is old, she retires.She is old so she retires Now that my mother has been away, I am cooking by myself My mother has been away so I am cooking by myself * din t lý do, ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc gii t sau õy: Because of On account of By dint of (thng dựng vi ngha tt) + Noun/V-ing (phrase) Due to (thng dựng vi ngha xu) Owing to By virtue of Ex: By dint of working hard, he earns much money Since he works hard, he earns much money Due to the snow, the train couldn t run => Lu ý 2: # BA HèNH THC CHUYN MNH THNH DANH T/ DANH NG T * Nu mnh cựng ch ng, ta ly ng t chớnh ca mnh ú thờm ing Ex: Because she is old, she retires Because of being old, she retires (Because of her old age, she retires) * Nu mnh khỏc ch ng v ng t chớnh l "be", ta bin tớnh t sau ú thnh danh t Ex: Because her child is ill, she stays at home Because of her child s illness, she stays at home * Nu mnh khỏc ch ng v ng t chớnh l ng t thng, ta bin ng t ú thnhdanh t Ex: Because it rained heavily, they cancelled the match Because of the heavy rain, they cancelled the match # I GII T (PREP) THNH LIấN T (CONJ): chuyn cõu thỡ phi xỏc nh y cỏc yu t sau: Subject, Verb v Tense Ex: By dint of working hard, he earns much money Since he works hard, he earns much money Due to the snow, the trains couldn t run So it snowed, the trains couldn t run # KHI TA THấM THE FACT THAT VO SAU CC GII T: Because of, on account of, by dint of, due to, owing to, by wirtue of thỡ chỳng cú th c s dng ging nh cỏc liờn t, tc l theo sau nú l mnh Because of the fact that = Because Because of the fact that + Clause Ex: Because she is a daughter of a rich man, he wants to marry her Because of the fact that she is a daughter of a rich man, he wants to marry her Averbial clause of concession/ constract a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch quan h tng phn/nhng b l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh quan h tng phn/nhng b i vi mnh chớnh b Cỏc t thng dựng: Nhng mnh ny c bt u bng: * Nhúm 1: Although; Though; Even though (mc dự) Ex: Although it rained heavily, they went out with their friends * Nhúm 2: While (trong khi); meanwhile; whereas (trong ú) Ex: I like foot ball, while my sister like table tennis * Nhúm 3: However; whatever; whoever; wherever (cho dự nh th no, cho dự cỏi gỡ, cho dự ai, cho dự õu ) However + adj/ adv + Subject + Verb Ex: However cold the weather is, Ill go out However quickly he ran, he couldnt catch the bus c Lu ý: * Trong ng phỏp truyn thng thỡ liờn t Though thng khụng ng u cõu, Even though cú ngha mnh nht Ex: Although he is old, he is very active They are playing football though it rains heavily * din t quan h tng phn, ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc trng t sau õy: No matter (dự cho, dự th no chng na), Nevertheless, Nonetheless (tuy nhiờn, th, dự sao) + No matter: c theo sau bi cỏc t how, what, where, who Chỳng ta cn nh: No matter how = however No matter where = whatever No matter what = whatever No matter who = whoever + No matter who/ whom/ why/ when/ where + Subject + Verb + No matter what + Noun + Subject + Verb + No matter how + Adjective/ Adverb + Subject + Verb Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you No matter how/ however fast he ran, his brother arrived first No matter what/ whatever book he reads, hell never learn anything * Cõu cú cha mnh trng ng ch quan h tng phn c bt u bng: Although, Though, Even though s khụng thay i v mt ng ngha ta b cỏc liờn t ú v thờm butvo trc mnh Ex: He is very active although he is old He is old but he is very active d din t quan h tng phn ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc gii t sau õy: Despite In spite of + Noun/V-ing (phrase) (bt chp/mc dự) Regardless of Ex: Although he is old, he is very active Despite being old/ his old age, he is very active => Lu ý: Khi ta thờm "the fact that" vo sau cỏc gii t trờn thỡ chỳng c s dng nh cỏc liờn t Ex: Although her little son is going to school for the first time tomorrow she is very calm In spite of the fact that her little son is going to school for the first time tomorrow, she is very calm Averbial clause of place a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch ni chn l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh ni (v trớ) m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh c thc hin Where (ni m); wherever (bt c ni õu) Ex: I will go where you tell me Sit wherever you like A Khỏi nim v phõn loi mnh trng ng Khỏi niờm: Mnh trng ng l mnh cú chc nng ng phỏp ca trng ng (b ngha cho mt mnh khỏc); Cỏc mnh trng ng thng c gi l mnh ph (Subordinate Clause - l nhng mnh khụng din t c mt ý trn vn) v cỏc mnh c b ngha thng c gi l mnh chớnh (Main clause - l mnh cú th tn ti c lp v din t mt ý trn vn) Phõn loi: Mnh trng ng ting anh gm cú: * Mnh trng ng ch thi gian-Adverbial clause of time * Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch-Adverbial clause of purpose * Mnh trng ng ch kt qu-Adverbial clause of result * Mnh trng ng ch nguyờn nhõn-Adverbial clause of cause * Mnh trng ng ch quan h tng phn/ nhng b -Adverbial clause of contrast/concession) *Mnh trng ng ch th cỏch-Adverbial clause of manner *Mnh trng ng ch iu kin-Adverbial clause of condition (tỡnh trng/iu kin) *Mnh trng ng ch so sỏnh-Adverbial clause comparison B Cỏch s dng mt s mnh trng ng Chỳng ta xột mt s mnh sau: Averbial clause of time (Mnh trng ng ch thi gian) a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch thi gian l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh thi gian m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh thc hin/xy b Cỏc t thng dựng: Mnh trng ng ch thi gian thng bt u bng liờn t ch thi gian: Before, after, as soon as (ngay sau khi), while (trong khi), when, as (khi), until (mói cho n khi),till (mói cho n khi), once (khi m, mi khi), by the time (ngay khi), whenever (bt c no), just as(ngay khi) Ex: She had finished her homework before her mother came home When you become an adult, you will know the truth While they were having lunch, she said nothing to him => Lu ý: khụng c dựng thỡ tng lai mnh trng ng ch thi gian Ex: Ill drink a cup of tea before I leave (Correct) Ill drink a cup of tea before Ill leave (Incorrect) Averbial clause of perpose (Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch) a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh, bng cỏch xỏc nh mc ớch m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh xy b Cỏc t thng dựng: Mnh trng ng ch mc ớch thng c bt u bng: So that; in order that ( m); lest (ko m); for fear that (e rng, s rng) in case (e rng, phũng khi) Ex: She is studing hardmain clause so that she can pass the next examsub clause We left the house early lest we would muss the first train We tiptoed in order that we wouldn t make the baby up => Lu ý: din t ch mc ớch chỳng ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc t hoc cm t sau: * In order/ so as + for + noun/ phrase + to infinitive: cho ai/ cỏi gỡ lm gỡ Ex: In order for a film to be interesting, it must have a good plot In order for your child to be respectful, you must educate him very early * For + N/Ving Ex: She went to market for some eggs * To/ So as to/ in order to + bare infinitive: lm gỡ ú Ex: She is studing hard to/so as to/ in order to be able to pass the next exam Hỡnh thc ph nh: So as not to + bare infinitive In order not to + bare infinitive Ex: We left the house early so as not to miss the first train * With a view toprep + (not) V-ing: (ng) lm gỡ Ex: We left the house early with a view to not missing the first train She is studying hard with a view to being able to pass the next exam * Subject + Verb + lest/ for fear that + Subject + should/ may/ might + Verb Ex: They will start early lest we should miss the 1st train Averbial clause of reason a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch lý do/ nguyờn nhõn l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh lý do/ nguyờn nhõn m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh c thc hin b Cỏc t thng dựng: Mnh trng ng ch lý thng c bt u bng cỏc mt cỏc liờn t sau: Because, for, since, as, in as much as, now that, seeing that (u cú ngha l bi vỡ) (Trong trng hp mnh trng ng ch lý thỡ as mang ngha l Bi vỡ Trong trng hp mnh ch thi gian thỡ as cú ngha l Khi) Ex: Because she is old, she retires Now that my mother has been away, I am cooking by myself => Lu ý 1: * Liờn t ch lý do/nguyờn nhõn "for" thng khụng ng u cõu Ex: They cancelled the match for it rained heavily * Cõu cú cha mnh trng ng ch lý s khụng thay i v mt ng ngha ta b liờn t ch lý (because, for, since, as, in as much as, now that) mnh ny v thờm liờn t ch kt qu (so)vo trc mnh Ex: They cancelled the match for it rained heavily It rained heavily so they cancelled the match Because she is old, she retires.She is old so she retires Now that my mother has been away, I am cooking by myself My mother has been away so I am cooking by myself * din t lý do, ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc gii t sau õy: Because of On account of By dint of (thng dựng vi ngha tt) + Noun/V-ing (phrase) Due to (thng dựng vi ngha xu) Owing to By virtue of Ex: By dint of working hard, he earns much money Since he works hard, he earns much money Due to the snow, the train couldn t run => Lu ý 2: # BA HèNH THC CHUYN MNH THNH DANH T/ DANH NG T * Nu mnh cựng ch ng, ta ly ng t chớnh ca mnh ú thờm ing Ex: Because she is old, she retires Because of being old, she retires (Because of her old age, she retires) * Nu mnh khỏc ch ng v ng t chớnh l "be", ta bin tớnh t sau ú thnh danh t Ex: Because her child is ill, she stays at home Because of her child s illness, she stays at home * Nu mnh khỏc ch ng v ng t chớnh l ng t thng, ta bin ng t ú thnhdanh t Ex: Because it rained heavily, they cancelled the match Because of the heavy rain, they cancelled the match # I GII T (PREP) THNH LIấN T (CONJ): chuyn cõu thỡ phi xỏc nh y cỏc yu t sau: Subject, Verb v Tense Ex: By dint of working hard, he earns much money Since he works hard, he earns much money Due to the snow, the trains couldn t run So it snowed, the trains couldn t run # KHI TA THấM THE FACT THAT VO SAU CC GII T: Because of, on account of, by dint of, due to, owing to, by wirtue of thỡ chỳng cú th c s dng ging nh cỏc liờn t, tc l theo sau nú l mnh Because of the fact that = Because Because of the fact that + Clause Ex: Because she is a daughter of a rich man, he wants to marry her Because of the fact that she is a daughter of a rich man, he wants to marry her Averbial clause of concession/ constract a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch quan h tng phn/nhng b l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh quan h tng phn/nhng b i vi mnh chớnh b Cỏc t thng dựng: Nhng mnh ny c bt u bng: * Nhúm 1: Although; Though; Even though (mc dự) Ex: Although it rained heavily, they went out with their friends * Nhúm 2: While (trong khi); meanwhile; whereas (trong ú) Ex: I like foot ball, while my sister like table tennis * Nhúm 3: However; whatever; whoever; wherever (cho dự nh th no, cho dự cỏi gỡ, cho dự ai, cho dự õu ) However + adj/ adv + Subject + Verb Ex: However cold the weather is, Ill go out However quickly he ran, he couldnt catch the bus c Lu ý: * Trong ng phỏp truyn thng thỡ liờn t Though thng khụng ng u cõu, Even though cú ngha mnh nht Ex: Although he is old, he is very active They are playing football though it rains heavily * din t quan h tng phn, ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc trng t sau õy: No matter (dự cho, dự th no chng na), Nevertheless, Nonetheless (tuy nhiờn, th, dự sao) + No matter: c theo sau bi cỏc t how, what, where, who Chỳng ta cn nh: No matter how = however No matter what = whatever No matter where = whatever No matter who = whoever + No matter who/ whom/ why/ when/ where + Subject + Verb + No matter what + Noun + Subject + Verb + No matter how + Adjective/ Adverb + Subject + Verb Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you No matter how/ however fast he ran, his brother arrived first No matter what/ whatever book he reads, hell never learn anything * Cõu cú cha mnh trng ng ch quan h tng phn c bt u bng: Although, Though, Even though s khụng thay i v mt ng ngha ta b cỏc liờn t ú v thờm butvo trc mnh Ex: He is very active although he is old He is old but he is very active d din t quan h tng phn ta cũn cú th s dng cỏc gii t sau õy: Despite In spite of + Noun/V-ing (phrase) (bt chp/mc dự) Regardless of Ex: Although he is old, he is very active Despite being old/ his old age, he is very active => Lu ý: Khi ta thờm "the fact that" vo sau cỏc gii t trờn thỡ chỳng c s dng nh cỏc liờn t Ex: Although her little son is going to school for the first time tomorrow she is very calm In spite of the fact that her little son is going to school for the first time tomorrow, she is very calm Averbial clause of place a Khỏi nim: Mnh trng ng ch ni chn l mnh b ngha cho mnh chớnh bng cỏch xỏc nh ni (v trớ) m hnh ng ca mnh chớnh c thc hin Where (ni m); wherever (bt c ni õu) Ex: I will go where you tell me Sit wherever you like Exercise 1 Last Sunday is was _ wet _ we couldn't go to the movies a so - that b as - as c less - than d more - than I did it _ they asked me to a because b because of c the reason d since The corresponding sentence "There are so many things for me to that" is _ a have so many things to that b nobody has so many c so many things are on me d I many things He was _ tired that he slept all day a such b too c so d very The by was happy _ he had done a good job a because b as c unless d because of Although he tried hard, _ a but he failed b yet he failed c however he failed d he failed It was _ that we had gone for a walk a such a beautiful weather b such a ice weather c so nice a weather d so beautiful a night Last yeas I earned _my sister, who has a better position a twice as much as b twice more than b twice as many as d twice as more as _ the room, the man was no longer there a Entering b When we entered c On entering d Having entered 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 It looks as if the game _ unless the rain stops a will cancel b would be cancelled c will be cancelled d would cancel _ Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a knock on the front door a At the very moment b So long as c Only when d During the time When did you eat? As soon as he came, we _ our dinner a must have eaten b ate c were eating d had eaten How can we measure the price and things? However much _ it will be worth it a it cost b it costs c does it cost d costs it "The new mathematics teachers seems very pleasant" a a such nice b a so nice c such nice d such a nicw "I find the local newspaper to be _ uninformative" "Yes, there is hardly any international news" a so b such c so much d such much "Here, I brought you some flowers from my garden" "Thank you They're _ beautiful colors" a so b as c such d too "Do you know why Erica failed the test?" "I don't know She spent _ time studying" a so b such much c so much d much "Wendy is really tall for her age" "She is so tall _ her friends make fun of her" a so b as c that d much Some people are tall, _ others are short a whereas b when c as d so In some nations coffee is the favourite beverage, _ in others it is tea a when b where c while d which Exercise After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company a will finish b will have finished c finishes d is finishing By the time I go to bed tonight, I _ my work for the day a will finish b have finished c will have finished d finish When my parents _ for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby of the first time a will arrive b arrived c will have arrived d arrived Fatemah looked down to discover a snake at her feet When she saw it, she _ a was screaming b had screamed c screamed d screams By the time Alfonso finally graduated from high school, he _ seven different schools because his parents moved frequently a attended b was attending c had attended d had been attending Until you learn to relax more, you _ your ability to speak English a haven't improved b aren't improving c don't improve d won't improve I borrowed four books on gardening the last time I _ to the library a go b went c had gone d have gone Before I stated the car, all of the passengers _ their seat belts a will buckle b had buckled c buckle d have buckled It seems that whenever I travel abroad I _ to take something need a for got b am forgetting c forget d had forgotten 10 When I see the doctor this afternoon, I _ him to look at my throat a will ask b asked c will have asked d ask 11 After ancient Greek athletes won a race in the Olympics, they _ a simple crown of olive leaves a received b had received c were receiving d have received 12 After the race _, the celebration began a had been won b is won c will be won d has been won 13 I'll return Bod's pen to him next time I _ him a see b will see c will have seen d have seen 14 I _ all of the questions correctly since I began this grammar exercise on verb tenses a am answering b answer c have answered d answered 15 A small stone struck the windshield while we _ down the gravel road a drive b were driving c had driven d had been driving 16 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department a was telephoning b telephoned c had telephoned d telephones 17 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she _ any kind of contest a hasn't entered b didn't enter c wasn't entering d hadn't entered 11 18 19 20 Every time Prakash sees a movie made in India, he _ homesick a will have felt b felt c feels d is feeling Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _ to visit friends and family several times a return b will have returned c am returning d have returned While he was washing his new car, Mr de Rosa _ a small dent in the rear fender a has discovered b was discovering c is discovering d discovered Exercise "What did you on Sunday?" "It was _ day that I went to the lake" a such nice b such a nice c so nice "Did you hear the phone ring last night?" "I didn't here anything, I was _ that I didn't wake up" a very tired b such tired c so tired "Why wasn't Mr Fitzgerald offered a better room in the hotel?" "I don't know It's surprising how _ important person is treatd" a so b such c a such "How many your trip to Panama?" "Wonderful, except that we spent _ money" a so much b such much c many "What is your opinion of the Smiths?" "They are _ people" a such an interesting b so interesting a c so interesting "Did you like the band last night?" "Yes, _ I bought their record" a such much b so much that c very much that "That's a beautiful dress jean has on" "She always wears _ clothes" a such a lovely b so lovely c such lovely "Paul is a very competent salesperson" "He's _ good that I am going to give him a raise and a promotion a definite b definitely c so "I enjoy this particular radio station" "So I It always has _ music" a so good b such a good c such good 10 "I hear that Mrs Saunders has a lot of money" "She's _ rich that she takes a helicopter to work" a such b too c very 11 "These new trains are fantastic!" "They move _" a so quick b such quickly c so quickly 12 "Where were you yesterday?" "It was _ hot day that I went to an air-conditioned movie" a such b so c such a 13 "You made a lot of long distance calls last month" "And now I'm faced _ a huge bill" a to b with c toward 14 "What kind of job is Adrienne looking for?" "She's interested _ a career in TV" a in b on c to 15 "The dance was fun" "But there were _ there" a so many peoples b such much people c so a lot of people 16 "Main Market is a nice place" "They have _ we recommend it to all our fiends" a such good food that b such a good food that c so good food that d such as good food as 17 "How much does a gold ring cost"? "It depends _ the quality of the gold" a to b on b of 18 "Who is in class today?" "Everyone _ Sam, who is sick" a except b without c except from d very nice d enough tired d such an d so many d such interesting d too much that d so much lovely d so much d a so good d so d so much quick d a very d at d for d so many people d about d not 12 19 20 "I'm building a table" "How far have you gotten _ it?" a to b for "When did you get married?" " _1983" a On b In c along d on c At d To Exercise 1a 2a 11a 12b 3a 13b 4c 14d 5a 15a 6d 16c 7d 17c 8a 18c 9b 19a 10c 20c Exercise 1c 2c 11a 12a 3d 13a 4c 14c 5c 15b 6d 16c 7b 17d 8b 18c 9c 19d 10a 20d Exercise 1b 2c 11c 12c 3d 13b 4a 14a 5d 15d 6b 16a 7c 17b 8c 18a 9c 19d 10d 20b Mệnh đề trạng ngữ Khi câu có mệnh đề có phụ thuộc lẫn gọi câu phức Câu phức gồm có mệnh đề mang thông tin (gọi mệnh đề chính) mệnh đề mang thông tin bổ sung Ngoài mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ (bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ) dạng mệnh đề phụ (bắt đầu liên từ Because, because of, even though, although, though, so since ta gọi mệnh đề trạng ngữ.Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thờng có loại sau: I/Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân: (because/because of) E.g: Because she dint work hard, she failed at the exam Because the weather was bad, the canceled the match They werent happy because they were disaapointed with the result I am going to give up teaching because I earn so little money from it Nga didnt want to go because of her illness Because of eating too much, she became overweight He felt exhausted because of having worked hard for a long time Because of getting up late, he arrived at the meeting late Qua ví dụ ta thấy: Because + mệnh đề (S + V) Because of + ngữ (không có S + V) Vậy vấn đề ta thờng chuyển từ cách dùng because sang because of (và ngợc lại) cách Dễ thấy là: A/ Khi hai mệnh đề có chủ ngữ: Tiến hành ba bớc 1-Bỏ chủ ngữ mệnh đề sau Because 2-Chuyển động từ mệnh đề sang thành V-ing 3-Giữ nguyên mệnh đề lại Ví dụ: Because Lan has no money, she wont go on holiday with us >Because having no money,she wont go on holiday with us.(or because of not having money) Because Jack play badly, he lost the match ->Bause playing badly, Jack lost the match Because they had worked so hard all the day, they felt asleep and wanted to go to bed early ->Because having worked so hard all the day, they felt asleep and wanted to go to bed early Và làm ngợc lại: Ví dụ: Because of knowing a little English, Mary could ask for the way back to the hotel ->Because Mary knew a little English, she could ask for the way back to the hotel Because of having to take too many exams, childen now have no time to relax ->Because children have to take too many exams, they now have no time to relax Because of not going by his car, Jack came to the wedding late ->Because Jack didnt go by his car, he came to the wedding late Chú ý câu có dạng phủ định because of + not + V-ing, because + dạng phủ định B/ Khi hai mệnh đề chủ ngữ: (thờng có xuất động từ TOBE) -> Nếu có chủ ngữ ngời: 1-Chuyển chủ ngữ (ĐTNX) sang thành tính từ SH (I ->my, He ->His 2-Chuyển tính từ (sau TOBE) sang danh từ 3-Bỏ TOBE mệnh đề BECAUSE giữ nguyên mệnh đề lại Ví dụ: Beause Jim was sick, they visited him at the hospital ->Because of Jims sickness, they visited him at the hospital Because they were lazy, everyone is worrying about their result ->Because of their laziness, everyone is worrying about their result Because she is intelligent, they admire her a lot ->Because of her intelligence, they admire her a lot Và làm ngợc lại: Because of our stupidness, he took advantage of us ->Because we were stupid, he took advantage of us Because of her beauty, they chose her the presentative of their group ->Because she is beautiful, they chose her the presentative of their group Nếu chủ ngữ ngời: -Chuyển tính từ lên trớc danh từ chủ ngữ Ví dụ: Because the weather was fine, they decided to climb up to the mountain ->Because of the fine weather, they decided to climb up to the mountain Because his room was small, some of us must stay outside ->Because of his small room, some of us must stay outside 13 Because it was dark, they stopped working ->Because of the darkness, they stopped working Và làm ngợc lại: Because of Ngocs bad temper, nobody wants to make friend with her ->Because Ngocs temper is bad, nobody wants to make friend with her Because of the houses bad conditions, it was pulled down to rebuild -> Because the house was in bad conditions, it was pulled down to rebuild Because of the good preparations, the festival became unforgettable >Because the preparationss were good, the festival became unforgettable Ngoài because because of mở đầu cho mệnh đề nguyên nhân ta có SINCE AS với t cách liên từ (nghĩa vì) nhng em cần biết nghĩa từ đợc, không cần ý Ví dụ: He gave up smoking three months ago since he felt unhealthy (Anh ta bỏ thuốc cách hai tháng cảm thấy không khoẻ) The sea must be protected more carefully as it is the habitat for many rare creatures (Biển phải đợc bảo vệ cẩn thận nơi c trú nhiều sinh vật I/ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ đối lập (mệnh đề nhợng bộ): although, though (mặc dù) Ví dụ: Although Mr Ha and Mr Chinh have to live in poor, they always look happy Though they had tried much, they didnt get good result at the end of the shool year The accident happened although the both drivers were careful They refused him though he had many qualifications Inspite of his bad health, he still tried to finish the race Depite the bad weather, the children went swimming Linda invited them to her wedding party despite their bad behaviour We came to Ha noi to watch the parade inspite of living very far from it Qua ví dụ ta thấy: although, though + Mệnh đề (S + V) inspite of, despite + Ngữ Vậy cách chuyển đổi chúng tơng tự nh because/because of phía Ngoài ta có Even though (thậm chí là, cho dù là) với ý nghĩa tơng phản mạnh Ví dụ: Hoa is not satisfied with her preparations for Tet, even though she had decorated her house and mase plenty og cakes (Hoa không hài lòng với chuẩn bị cho Tết cho dù cô trang trí nhà cửa làm nhiều bánh) Even though the girls in Thinh Long have very bad characters, they are still loved by many people (Cho dù cô gái Thịnh Long có tính cách xấu, họ đợc nhiều ngời yêu mến) B/ Bài tập: I/ Viết lại câu sau: Because Mr Ha has no money, he has no friends no love Although we admire his intelligence, we cant stand his selfishness Inspite of working very hard, they got in stuck in solving the problem Because of the bad character, Susan cant keep her positon in that company They feel disappointed because they cant sell their house with resonable price They are broke now because of spending too much at gambling Thomas looks tired because of having to study hard for the next exam The meeting was delayed because of the chairmans lateness She smiled happily although she was cheated by the man 10 Despite taking the raincoat, they got wet 11 Hung was the one who left home the latest because he was busy 12 Because of the rain, No plane could take off 13 Despite running very fast, John came to class late yesterday 14 Though they thought carefully before working, they made a terrible mistake 15 Although Ha noi isnt the biggest city in Vietnam, It is the heart of the country for thousands year 16 Inspite of knowing her for a long time, I cant understand her 16 The students couldnt understand the lesson well because of their teachers unclear explaination 17 People poured to the South because of thinking that they can earn money more easily there 18 I will still wait for you although I am disappointed with you 19 They will never get on well again athough they have apolosized each other 20 She laughed at him because he was stupid II/Chọn phơng án đúng: Mary hurried, she was late 14 A because of B because C despite D although We cant listen to the music, the noise from the next room A because of B because C despite D although he has started many times, the engine couldnt start A because of B because C despite D although their lateness, their teacher let them stand outside the classroom A because of B because C despite D although Mary learns English well, .she often pratices it regularly A because of B because C despite D although They lose the way back to their hotel, having forgotten the map of the city at their room A because of B because C despite D although the daughter sickness, they decides to delay their holiday A because of B because C despite D although Liens parents felt unhappy, .her failure at the exam A because of B because C despite D although Nga, .family is going to move to the South, wanted to have a farewell party to her friends A who B whose C whom D which 10 Nga, .I met at Loans house last week, is a second year student A who B whose C whom D which 11 The pupil won the prize is our headmasters son A who B whose C whom D which 12 Do you know a person can repair this bike A who B whose C whom D which 13 Mai doesnt want to come in because she is afraid the dog A in B at C by D of 14 Feeling tired I stayed bed late A in B at C by D of 15 The school is famous its tied regulations and trickness of the teacher A in B for C at D from 16 Many students in Thinglong are bad English because of their laziness A in B for C at D from 17 His parents are surprised at his A Succeed B successful C success D successfully 18 She smiled because she was defeated A happily B unhappily C happy D unhappy 19 Because of her ., no one can teach her A/laziness B lazy C lazily D 20 By the time they arrived, the train A left B was leaving C has left D had left 15 [...]... đợc, không cần quá chú ý Ví dụ: 1 He gave up smoking three months ago since he felt unhealthy (Anh ta bỏ thuốc lá cách đây hai tháng vì anh ta cảm thấy không khoẻ) 2 The sea must be protected more carefully as it is the habitat for many rare creatures (Biển phải đợc bảo vệ cẩn thận hơn nữa bởi đó là nơi c trú của nhiều sinh vật hiếm I/ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự đối lập (mệnh đề nhợng bộ): although, though... because he was busy 12 Because of the rain, No plane could take off 13 Despite running very fast, John came to class late yesterday 14 Though they thought carefully before working, they made a terrible mistake 15 Although Ha noi isnt the biggest city in Vietnam, It is the heart of the country for thousands year 16 Inspite of... A in B for C at D from 16 Many students in Thinglong are bad English because of their laziness A in B for C at D from 17 His parents are surprised at his A Succeed B successful C success D successfully 18 She smiled because she was defeated A happily B unhappily C happy D unhappy 19 Because of her ., no one can teach her A/laziness B lazy C lazily D 20 By the time they arrived, the train