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Model Test 1 ~0~ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Part I: Picture ~E1~ Directions: In your test book, you will see a picture. On the compact disc, you will hear four statements. Choose the statement that most closely matches the picture and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. 1. Look at the picture marked number 1 in your test book. (A) The doctor is examining a patient. (B) The technician is working. √ (C) The chesmist is setting the meter. (D) The expert is logging new data. 2. Look at the picture marked number 2 in your test book. (A) Sympathy is visible in their faces. (B) The audience is applauding. (C) The conductor leads the orchestra. √ (D) The musicians are dealing with cancer. 3. Look at the picture marked number 3 in your test book. (A) The negotiators are meeting. √ (B) The participants are washing their glasses. (C) Preparations for the banquet have begun. (D) Vacant seats fill the room. 4. Look at the picture marked number 4 in your test book. (A) They are going to the show. (B) The leader is scouting the terrain. (C) The hikers have chosen their campsite. (D) The skiers walk across the mountain. √ 5. Look at the picture marked number 5 in your test book. (A) The men are shaking hands. (B) The speaker is explaining the chart. √ (C) The workers are enjoying a quick meal. (D) The trainees are watching TV. 6. Look at the picture marked number 6 in your test book. (A) The delivery man brought a fan. (B) This plant does light manufacturing. (C) The worker is in an automobile factory. √ (D) The chauffeur is in the car. 7. Look at the picture marked number 7 in your test book. (A) The cowboys are setting up for the rodeo. (B) The vines are full of ripe fruit. (C) The straw is very dry. (D) The men are loading the truck. √ 8. Look at the picture marked number 8 in your test book. (A) The staff look at their computers. √ (B) The terminal is full of customers. (C) Each worker has a private office. (D) Several employees are waiting in line. 9. Look at the picture marked number 9 in your test book. (A) The man is signing his name. (B) The electric bill is overdue. (C) The equipment uses laser beams. (D) The electrician checks the circuitry. √ 10. Look at the picture marked number 10 in your test book. (A) The gymnasium is primarily for racquet sports. (B) The athletes are boarding the train. (C) The people are exercising. √ (D) The people are examining the monitors. 11. Look at the picture marked number 11 in your test book. (A) The flags fly from the roof. √ (B) The court is in session. (C) The ceiling is very low. (D) The yard is full of tourists. 12. Look at the picture marked number 12 in your test book. (A) There's standing room only left on the bus. (B) People were trampled at the fair. (C) The conductor is wearing a pouch. √ (D) The bus stopped at the corner. 13. Look at the picture marked number 13 in your test book. (A) The robot runs automatically. (B) The man is pulling a lever. (C) The worker is recording data. √ (D) The worker is explaining the details. 14. Look at the picture marked number 14 in your test book. (A) The horses are racing. √ (B) The hoarse announcer can't catch up. (C) The writer is very fast. (D) The jockey has a twin. 15. Look at the picture marked number 15 in your test book. (A) The medicine is in the cabinet. (B) The technician stands beside the patient. √ (C) The woman scanned the newspaper. (D) The patient is completely submerged. 16. Look at the picture marked number 16 in your test book. (A) The trolley car is late. (B) The street cart vendor sells fruit. (C) The women are carrying dresses. (D) The cafe is near the street. √ 17. Look at the picture marked number 17 in your test book. (A) There are two banks on the hill. (B) The field has been plowed. (C) The pipelines cross the field. √ (D) Pale limestone covers the site. 18. Look at the picture marked number 18 in your test book. (A) Dragonfly: Encapsulating Android for Instrumentation University of Málaga Ana Rosario Espada María del Mar Gallardo Damián Adalid Index • • • • • • • Introduction Android Overview Formalization Dragonfly Design Static Monitor Dynamic Monitor Conclusions A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications INTRODUCTION Introduction More than million of different applications Different kinds of applications in the market Verification Techniques RV types • • • Synchronous Asynchronous Internal External Offline Online Runtime Verification RV is based on the observation of the traces generated by the execution of a system to detect errors of its behavior A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Android Overview Android Architecture Application Built-in(phone, contacts, browser), Third-party/Custom Application Framework Telephone Manager, Location Manager, Notification Manager, Content providers, Windowing, Resource Manager, etc Libraries Android Runtime Graphics, media, database, WebKit, etc Dalvik Virtual Machine Linux Kernel Power, File system, drivers, process, management, etc Android System Android System Each application may be composed of different components: •Activity: an independent visual screen for the user •Service: particular task embedded inside a specific application •Content provider: allows to provide data from one application to another •Broadcast receiver: manages the messages sent by the system or the applications A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Formalizing Android 10 Monitor Engine Android Android Monitor Monitor Engine Engine Threads Android Model Source Source Allocated Objects Android Monitor Engine Abstract Abstract Monitor Monitor Engine Engine INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION Manager Profiling data Manager … Generic Model Tools to extract information •DDMlib allow us to start Android Debug Bridge and get useful information from the sources • • •JDI (Java Debug Interface) is needed to detect method entry event and other specific events DDMlib -> adb JDI 19 Instrumentation and observers Observer Observer Android Monitor Engine INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION Android Observers Android Model Model Observer Observer Observer Generic Observer Error Reports Aspect Oriented Paradigm Generic Model Instrumentation : Spring AOP DSL: Lambdaj + AspectJ 20 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Example 21 Activity Life Cycle 22 Activity Life Cycle 23 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Static Monitor 24 Static Monitor Static data are properties or values from the: • Smart-phone: battery status, serial number… • I/O’s: GPS status, camera status, signal strength… • Applications: identifiers, names, main threads… • Components: types, set of states… 25 Static Monitor Sour ce Static info DDMlib Build ANDROID MODEL 26 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Dynamic Monitor 27 Dynamic Monitor Dynamic data correspond to the sequence of events fired by the system or by the user We define three types of events: •Actions related to the state of components LISTENERS •Method calls •Exceptions 28 Dynamic Monitor Monitor Application Application Manager Manager Source ents n ev o t ula Stm USB or Wireless Android Monitor Engine Retu rn ev ent s Android Model 29 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications ConcluSIons & FUTURE WORK 30 Conclusions • We have developed a tool capable of: – Verifying Android Applications on runtime – Extending the verification to other platforms – Saving a lot of verification properties – Writing the properties in a semantic language 31 Future Work • Improve the DRAGONFLY’s capabilities combining DDMlib with other tools • Improve DRAGONFLY’s efficency trying other types of instrumentations and DSL’s 32 Thanks!! Questions? Model Test 2 ~0~ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Part I: Picture ~E1~ Directions: In your test book, you will see a picture. On the compact disc, you will hear four statements. Choose the statement that most closely matches the picture and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. 1. Look at the picture marked number 1 in your test book. (A) The men are discussing the documents. (B) Two men are signing their names. √ (C) Negotiations have come to a standstill. (D) The onlookers are seated. 2. Look at the picture marked number 2 in your test book. (A) The sign is pointing the way. (B) The kitchen staff is chopping vegetables. (C) Guests can see the kitchen through a glass window. (D) The cooks prepare a meal. √ 3. Look at the picture marked number 3 in your test book. (A) The pilot turns the dials. (B) The technician pushes the buttons. √ (C) The switchboard is flooded with incoming calls. (D) A panel of experts made the decision. 4. Look at the picture marked number 4 in your test book. (A) The couple is viewing art. √ (B) The paintings are all the same size. (C) Pictures are stacked on the floor. (D) The sculptures stand out. 5. Look at the picture marked number 5 in your test book. (A) The majority of the passengers are females. (B) The concourse is virtually empty. (C) The passengers wait at the airport. √ (D) The bags are on the truck. 6. Look at the picture marked number 6 in your test book. (A) Both players want the puck. (B) The athletes rest after the game. (C) The tackle is a success. (D) A player carries the ball. √ 7. Look at the picture marked number 7 in your test book. (A) They're looking at their laptop outdoors. √ (B) They're making coffee for two. (C) They're pointing to each other. (D) They're waiting for a table. 8. Look at the picture marked number 8 in your test book. (A) The dentist is using a drill. (B) The automobile is in the showroom. (C) The woman works on a car interior. √ (D) The worker is assembling the engine. 9. Look at the picture marked number 9 in your test book. (A) White cranes are in the water. (B) The trains pass on a bridge. √ (C) Narrow carts went through the tunnel. (D) Skyscrapers cluttler the city. 10. Look at the picture marked number 10 in your test book. (A) The umbrellas shade the guest rooms. (B) The passage has an arch. (C) There's seating in front of the hotel. √ (D) Many of the windows have shutters. 11. Look at the picture marked number 11 in your test book. (A) Passengers are watching the takeoff. (B) A man is walking toward the counter. √ (C) Many visitors are at the border. (D) Bellboys wait in the lobby. 12. Look at the picture marked number 12 in your test book. (A) Ten of us are playing. (B) The player hits the ball. √ (C) There are matches on the table. (D) The tennis player is struggling with an injury. 13. Look at the picture marked number 13 in your test book. (A) Most of the riders are reading. √ (B) New writers are hard to train. (C) The hanging straps are well utilized. (D) Everyone must stand inside. 14. Look at the picture marked number 14 in your test book. (A) The space is for rent. (B) It's a new rocking chair. (C) The bird flies through the air. (D) The rocket lifts off. √ 15. Look at the picture marked number 15 in your test book. (A) The auditorium is crowded. (B) The audience interacts with the panel. (C) People are watching a slide presentation. √ (D) The chairs are by the door. 16. Look at the picture marked number 16 in your test book. (A) Both men are wearing pinstripes. (B) Both men are reading the news. (C) The speakers are standing at their booth. (D) The men are seated around a table. √ 17. Look at the picture marked number 17 in your test book. (A) The satellite dish points upward. √ (B) The dish counts passing aircraft. (C) The saucer is being installed by a technician. (D) The radio antenna is on the truck. 18. Look at the Model Test 3 ~0~ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Part I: Picture ~E1~ Directions: In your test book, you will see a picture. On the compact disc, you will hear four statements. Choose the statement that most closely matches the picture and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. 1. Look at the picture marked number 1 in your test book. (A) All the plates are empty. (B) The waiter's taking an order. (C) The woman is watching the servers. √ (D) The menu is on the table. 2. Look at the picture marked number 2 in your test book. (A) The joggers are stretching. (B) Loggers can test their skills with a saw. (C) Many races live here. (D) The runners pass the building. √ 3. Look at the picture marked number 3 in your test book. (A) The sports equipment is all set up. (B) The couple is reading the radar. (C) The laboratory coats are on the hook. (D) The technicians are standing next to the equipment. √ 4. Look at the picture marked number 4 in your test book. (A) The highway is under construction. √ (B) The officer directs traffic. (C) The workers are moving heavy equipment. (D) The strucks are loaded with stone. 5. Look at the picture marked number 5 in your test book. (A) The people are standing in the rain. (B) The passengers are ready to board. √ (C) The train has just departed. (D) The grain is rye or wheat. 6. Look at the picture marked number 6 in your test book. (A) The trucks are being weighed. (B) Shoppers are in the supermarket. (C) The trucks are being loaded. √ (D) Vandals have removed the tires. 7. Look at the picture marked number 7 in your test book. (A) Several carts are in the field. (B) The plant grows tall in the sun. (C) The building is dilapidated. (D) Cars are parked in front of the factory. √ 8. Look at the picture marked number 8 in your test book. (A) One side of the office is all windows. √ (B) The supervisor is explaining the procedure. (C) The team is on the field. (D) The workers are commuting. 9. Look at the picture marked number 9 in your test book. (A) Guests are being seated. (B) Dinner is being served. (C) The waiters set the table. √ (D) The table is set for two. 10. Look at the picture marked number 10 in your test book. (A) The movie theater is empty. (B) The speaker addresses the audience. √ (C) The audience is demanding answers. (D) The brick wall is worn and crumbling. 11. Look at the picture marked number 11 in your test book. (A) The woman is washing breakers. (B) The conductor takes a bow. (C) The bottles are on the shelf in the laboratory. (D) The scientist performs an experiment. √ 12. Look at the picture marked number 12 in your test book. (A) Stairs go up the storage tank. √ (B) The roof is pointed. (C) It's a scientific model of the sun. (D) The barbed wire fence keeps out trespassers. 13. Look at the picture marked number 13 in your test book. (A) The elevator is going down. (B) A flag hangs across the street. √ (C) A parade is passing by. (D) The catheral is elegant. 14. Look at the picture marked number 14 in your test book. (A) Smog covers the city. (B) The service attendant is behind the car. √ (C) Both cars stopped at the toll booth. (D) The man isn't wearing a hat. 15. Look at the picture marked number 15 in your test book. (A) The students study mathematics. √ (B) Most of the terminals are full. (C) The chalkboard is blank. (D) The officers are discussing chemistry. 16. Look at the picture marked number 16 in your test book. (A) The women are waiting by the phone. √ (B) The telephone is on the table. (C) The statues stand in front of the building. (D) The station is crowded. 17. Look at the picture marked number 17 in your test book. (A) The operator is walking away. (B) The man is talking on the phone. √ (C) The captain is issuing orders. (D) The panel is going haywire. 18. Look at the picture marked number 18 in your test book. (A) The soft drink machine offers good Model Test 4 ~0~ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Part I: Picture ~E1~ Directions: In your test book, you will see a picture. On the compact disc, you will hear four statements. Choose the statement that most closely matches the picture and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. 1. Look at the picture marked number 1 in your test book. (A) The lamp is on the wall. (B) The man is at his desk. (C) The phone is on the table. √ (D) The light is over the bed. 2. Look at the picture marked number 2 in your test book. (A) The table is set for four. (B) The diner seem pleased. (C) The waiter puts the silverware on the table. √ (D) The officer is bowing. 3. Look at the picture marked number 3 in your test book. (A) The meat is on display. (B) The meeting is in session. √ (C) Only four people attended. (D) The track meet is held today. 4. Look at the picture marked number 4 in your test book. (A) The trees are cut into lumber. (B) The pipeline runs down to the mountain. √ (C) Water comes from the well. (D) Oil is transported by tankers. 5. Look at the picture marked number 5 in your test book. (A) The laboratory workers are in lab coats. (B) The doctor is examining the chart. (C) The woman is reading to the patient. (D) X rays are behind the doctor. √ 6. Look at the picture marked number 6 in your test book. (A) The lamp is on the table. (B) The mother sits next to the father. (C) The family is having dinner. √ (D) The boys are throwing food. 7. Look at the picture marked number 7 in your test book. (A) The customer is ordering a meal. √ (B) They are leaning to read. (C) The waiter is approaching the customer. (D) The guests are waiting to order. 8. Look at the picture marked number 8 in your test book. (A) He's driving to the luggage store. (B) He's packing for a trip. (C) He's going to put his suitcase in the car. √ (D) He's checking his bag at the station. 9. Look at the picture marked number 9 in your test book. (A) The surgeon gives himself an injection. (B) The man wears protective clothing. √ (C) The scientist experiments with guinea pigs. (D) The pharmacy serves hospital patients. 10. Look at the picture marked number 10 in your test book. (A) The girls are playing soccer. √ (B) The fish net is drying. (C) The goalie is holding the ball. (D) The field is covered with flowers. 11. Look at the picture marked number 11 in your test book. (A) The port handles heavy traffic. (B) The police officer stops the thief at the door. (C) The doorman carries a bag. √ (D) The pilot prepares to take off. 12. Look at the picture marked number 12 in your test book. (A) People are waiting for their flight to board. (B) Luggage is scattered throughout the hall. (C) People are planning for their trip. (D) Passengers get their luggage. √ 13. Look at the picture marked number 13 in your test book. (A) The tanker is docked by the storage facility. √ (B) The service station attendant is pumping gas. (C) The sailboat is in the harbor. (D) The island is being pounded by waves. 14. Look at the picture marked number 14 in your test book. (A) The man refers to the map. √ (B) The storm is approaching rapidly. (C) His glasses are bent and crooked. (D) The speaker is gesturing upwards. 15. Look at the picture marked number 15 in your test book. (A) The messenger carries a mailbag. (B) The pants have a white stripe. (C) The messenger knocks on the door. √ (D) The manager delivers the bill. 16. Look at the picture marked number 16 in your test book. (A) The shopping bags are large. (B) The pillows are stuffed with cotton. (C) The cargo is being unloaded. √ (D) The ship is going through customs. 17. Look at the picture marked number 17 in your test book. (A) The clients are preparing A-V equipment. (B) The people are relaxing. √ (C) The waitress serves the food. (D) The woman is conversing with the men. 18. Look at the picture marked number 18 in your test Model Test 5 ~0~ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Part I: Picture ~E1~ Directions: In your test book, you will see a picture. On the compact disc, you will hear four statements. Choose the statement that most closely matches the picture and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. 1. Look at the picture marked number 1 in your test book. (A) The woman is getting a loan. (B) She's using small change to pay. (C) She is using a public phone. √ (D) There's a long line at the phone. 2. Look at the picture marked number 2 in your test book. (A) The train is in the station. √ (B) The passengers are waiting for the plane. (C) The computers are in a row. (D) Most people commute buy bus. 3. Look at the picture marked number 3 in your test book. (A) The doctor examines his toes. (B) The dentist is with a patient. √ (C) The man is brushing his teeth. (D) The carpenter has a new drill. 4. Look at the picture marked number 4 in your test book. (A) The counter is under a window. (B) Money is printed at the mint. (C) The man prescribes medicine. (D) The technician does lab work. √ 5. Look at the picture marked number 5 in your test book. (A) A family is traveling together. √ (B) The child is reading a book. (C) Their meals have been served. (D) The child sits between the parents. 6. Look at the picture marked number 6 in your test book. (A) The maid is finishing the room. (B) The luggage is on the floor. (C) The clothes are folder on the bed. (D) The bed is made. √ 7. Look at the picture marked number 7 in your test book. (A) The car is in an accident. (B) A robot assembles a car. √ (C) The machinery is locked. (D) The vehicle is under inspection. 8. Look at the picture marked number 8 in your test book. (A) The painters are cleaning the columns. (B) The pedestrians are passing by the building. √ (C) The visitors are walking through the hall. (D) The vendors are selling drinks on the sidewalk. 9. Look at the picture marked number 9 in your test book. (A) The photographer takes a picture. (B) The lid covers the bin. (C) The woman photocopies a document. √ (D) The secretary is using the fax machine. 10. Look at the picture marked number 10 in your test book. (A) The chef cooks the fish. (B) The fishing boat sets off to sea. (C) The fish is packed for export. √ (D) The meat is canned for sale. 11. Look at the picture marked number 11 in your test book. (A) The conference is in session. (B) The man is at his desk. √ (C) The worker is signing papers. (D) The papers are strewn about randomly. 12. Look at the picture marked number 12 in your test book. (A) The agent is assisting the passenger. √ (B) The clerk is showing the customer a watch. (C) The man is trying on a tie. (D) The woman is writing a check. 13. Look at the picture marked number 13 in your test book. (A) Cars are packed on the sidewalk. √ (B) The buildings are over ten stories tall. (C) The pedestrians are waiting at the curb. (D) The traffic light is at the corner. 14. Look at the picture marked number 14 in your test book. (A) The woman needs news spectacles. (B) The smoker wants a match. (C) The crowd watches the game. √ (D) The players accept their trophies. 15. Look at the picture marked number 15 in your test book. (A) The technicians are punching in on a time clock. (B) The elevator button is pressed. (C) Most of the screens a blank. (D) Two technicians works in the control room. √ 16. Look at the picture marked number 16 in your test book. (A) Smoke rises in front of the mountain. √ (B) The forest is on fire. (C) The campers burn a small log. (D) The plant blooms at sunset. 17. Look at the picture marked number 17 in your test book. (A) The overhead bins are open. (B) There are several empty seats. √ (C) The middle class will be taxed. (D) The flight attendants are seated. 18. Look at the picture marked number 18 in your test book. (A) The woman is clearing the table. √ (B) [...]... Observer Android Monitor Engine INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION Android Observers Android Model Model Observer Observer Observer Generic Observer Error Reports Aspect Oriented Paradigm Generic Model Instrumentation : Spring AOP DSL: Lambdaj + AspectJ 20 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Example 21 Activity Life Cycle 22 Activity Life Cycle 23 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID. .. Emulator 500 Emulator Emulator 18 Monitor Engine Android Android Monitor Monitor Engine Engine Threads Android Model Source Source Allocated Objects Android Monitor Engine Abstract Abstract Monitor Monitor Engine Engine INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION Manager Profiling data Manager … Generic Model Tools to extract information •DDMlib allow us to start Android Debug Bridge and get useful information... Monitor Monitor Application Application Manager Manager Source ents n ev o t ula Stm USB or Wireless Android Monitor Engine Retu rn ev ent s Android Model 29 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications ConcluSIons & FUTURE WORK 30 Conclusions • We have developed a tool capable of: – Verifying Android Applications on runtime – Extending the verification to other platforms – Saving a lot of... for ANDROID Applications Dragonfly DESIGN 15 Functionality Events Verification with observers Monitor throwing events And listening the traces 16 Dragonfly Architecture Source Monitor Event Generators Application Application Manager Manager Allocated Objects Android Monitor Engine INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION Threads Observer Error Reports Profiling data Emulator Emulator Emulator … Android Model. ..Formalizing Android We consider that applications may be in one of the following states: •Inactive: the main thread does not yet exist •Active: the main thread of the application has been initialized and some service or activity is active •Paused: the application is initialized but none of its components is active 11 Formalizing Android The configuration of an Android application is given... status, camera status, signal strength… • Applications: identifiers, names, main threads… • Components: types, set of states… 25 Static Monitor Sour ce Static info DDMlib Build ANDROID MODEL 26 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications Dynamic Monitor 27 Dynamic Monitor Dynamic data correspond to the sequence of events fired by the system or by the user We define three types of events:... 12 Formalizing Android Android is basically an event-driven OS The whole system, its applications and its components evolve through events We formalize those events as transition rules, referred to the whole system, an application or a component Each element extracted from the event queue of an application may release concrete events for any component of the applications 13 Formalizing Android Once the ... Observer Android Monitor Engine INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION Android Observers Android Model Model Observer Observer Observer Generic Observer Error Reports Aspect Oriented Paradigm Generic Model. .. Emulator 500 Emulator Emulator 18 Monitor Engine Android Android Monitor Monitor Engine Engine Threads Android Model Source Source Allocated Objects Android Monitor Engine Abstract Abstract Monitor... Manager Source ents n ev o t ula Stm USB or Wireless Android Monitor Engine Retu rn ev ent s Android Model 29 A Runtime Verification Framework for ANDROID Applications ConcluSIons & FUTURE WORK 30