Giáo trình Java cơ bản 06

Lecture  Covers – Algorithms (problem solving) using sequence, selection and repetition 5/1 Steps involved in solving problems on a computer Understand the problem  Design a solution  Implement (program) the solution  Test the solution  5/2 ► The three control structures 5/3 Control structures  Sequence – Instructions executed in the order they are written  Selection – Conditional execution of an instruction (or set of instructions)  Repetition – Repeated execution of a set of instructions 5/4 Sequence Instruction i Instruction i + Instruction i + 5/5 Selection true false Condition Instruction Set Instruction Set 5/6 Repetition (i) (ii) Instruction Set Instruction Set true true Condition false Condition false 5/7 ► Example (Using sequence) 5/8 Sequence: average of three numbers  Problem – Display the average of three numbers entered by the user  Algorithm: Get the first number Get the second number Get the third number Calculate the average Display the average 5/9 Sequence: average of three numbers  In Java import java.util.*; public class Average { public static void main(String[ ] args) { Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the three numbers: "); int n1 = keyboard.nextInt( ); int n2 = keyboard.nextInt( ); int n3 = keyboard.nextInt( ); double average = (n1+n2+n3) / 3.0; System.out.println("The average is " + average); } } 5/10 SubjectX results  How we know if there are any more students? 5/29 SubjectX results  Pre-set number int numberOfStudents = keyboard.nextInt( ); while (numberOfStudents > 0) { // processStudentResult numberOfStudents = numberOfStudents - 1; } 5/30 SubjectX results „Sentinel‟ value  Alter processing of a student‟s result  int assign1 = keyboard.nextInt( ); while (assign1 >= 0) { // processStudentResult assign1 = keyboard.nextInt( ); } 5/31 ► Example (exercise) 5/32 Class exercise: control structures  Write pseudocode to solve the following problem – There is a (non-empty) line of people Go to each person in the line and ask them their age If they are older than 25, ask them to step forward 5/33 A possible solution 5/34 ► WHILE loops vs DO…WHILE loops 5/35 WHILE…ENDWHILE versus DO WHILE loops WHILE condition ENDWHILE Instruction Sequence DO WHILE condition Instruction Sequence true Condition false Condition true false 5/36 DO WHILE  Problem – Write pseudocode to simulate crossing the road  Basic actions – look left – look right – walk across  Condition – road is busy 5/37 DO WHILE  Solution: 5/38 Class exercise  Problem – Rewrite the solution to the “crossing the road” problem using the WHILE…ENDWHILE construct 5/39 Solution 5/40 WHILE…ENDWHILE versus DO WHILE loops  Using a WHILE…ENDWHILE loop to implement a DO…WHILE loop DO WHILE condition WHILE condition ENDWHILE 5/41 WHILE…ENDWHILE versus DO WHILE loops  Using a DO WHILE loop and a selection control structure to implement a WHILE…ENDWHILE loop WHILE condition ENDWHILE IF condition THEN DO WHILE condition ENDIF 5/42 Next lecture Algorithms (problem solving) using functions (methods)  Object-oriented analysis and design  5/43 [...]... maximum of two numbers entered by the user  Algorithm Get the first number n1 Get the second number n2 IF n1 > n2 THEN Output n1 ELSE Output n2 ENDIF 5/12  Selection: maximum of two numbers In Java import java. util.*; public class Maximum { public static void main(String[ ] args) { Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Input the two numbers: "); int n1 = keyboard.nextInt(... ENDIF 5/19 Determination of SubjectX pass Refine subtasks  Step 2: Are exams OK?  Solution:  5/20 Determination of SubjectX pass Refine subtasks  Step 3: Is total mark OK?  Solution:  5/21 imprt java. util,*; public class SubjectXPass { public static void main(String[ ] args) { Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); boolean passedHurdle = true; System.out.println("Please enter 4 assignment ... number Calculate the average Display the average 5/9 Sequence: average of three numbers  In Java import java. util.*; public class Average { public static void main(String[ ] args) { Scanner keyboard... IF n1 > n2 THEN Output n1 ELSE Output n2 ENDIF 5/12  Selection: maximum of two numbers In Java import java. util.*; public class Maximum { public static void main(String[ ] args) { Scanner keyboard... Determination of SubjectX pass Refine subtasks  Step 3: Is total mark OK?  Solution:  5/21 imprt java. util,*; public class SubjectXPass { public static void main(String[ ] args) { Scanner keyboard