d : Sonali Mehta Patel Kent elson S�e�banie Jennings Se ·es • Ed em: Veerai Sheth Stanley �·aslam Robert Casa·neva Wolters Kluwer Health Editors Series Editors Sonali Mehta Patel, MD, FAAP Veeral Sudhakar Sheth, MD, FACS Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine Associate Program Director Pediatric Residency Program Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Director, Scientific Affairs University Retina and Macula Associates Clinical Assistant Professor University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Stanley Zaslau, MD, MBA, FACS Kent Nelson, MD, FAAP Lecturer of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine Informatics Director Pediatric Residency Program Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Professor and Chief Urology Residency Program Director Department of Surgery/Division of Urology West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia Robert Casanova, MD Stephanie R Jennings, MD, FAAP Assistant Dean of Clinical Sciences Curriculum Associate Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, Texas Associate Program Director Pediatric Residency Program Inpatient Director, Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois - ®Wolters Kluwer Health Philadelphia • Baltimore • New York • London Buenos Aires· Hong Kong· Sydney· Tokyo Acquisitions Editor: Tari Broderick Product Manager: Jenn Verbiar Marketing Manager: Joy Fisher-Williams Production Project Manager: Alicia Jackson Designer: Stephen Druding Compositor: Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd Copyright© 2015Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Printed in China All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or 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accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recom mended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regula tions, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings It is the responsi bility of the health-care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice (800) 6383030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320 International customers should call (301) 223-2300 To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet:http:/ /www.lww.com Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30am to 6:00pm, EST Contributors Caitlin J Agrawal, MD Heather Dyer, MD Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellow Department of Hematology/Oncology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Ohio Instructor of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science North Chicago, Illinois Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Tara Altepeter, MD Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellow Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Corrie E Fletcher, DO Attending Pediatrician Atlanta, Georgia Chief Resident, Pediatric Residency Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Harit K Bhatt, MD Rama D Jager, MD, FACS Joana Benayoun, MD University Retina and Macula Associates Bedford Park, Illinois Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Diana C Bottari, DO University Retina and Macula Associates Oak Forest, Illinois Clinical Professor Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Stephanie R Jennings, MD, FAAP Medical Director, Pediatric Pain and Sedation Services Pediatric Pain Specialist Pediatric Sedationist Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Associate Program Director Pediatric Residency Program Inpatient Director, Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Mark M Butterly, MD Nicole Keller, DO Director Pediatric Residency Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Attending Physician Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois v vi Contributors Jason Mitchell, MD Rinku Patel, DO Attending Physician Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatric Subspecialties Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group Washington, D.C Lecturer of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, Illinois Academic Pediatric Hospitalist Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Kent Nelson, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science North Chicago, Illinois Informatics Director, Pediatric Residency Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Sonali Mehta Patel, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, Illinois Associate Director, Pediatric Residency Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Patricia M Notario, MD Chief Resident, Pediatric Residency Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Nikita Williamson, MD Academic Pediatric Hospitalist Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Introduction to the Shelf- Life Series The Shelf-Life series is an entirely new concept The books have been designed from the ground up with student input With academic faculty helping guide the production of these books, the Shelf-Life series is meant to help supplement the student's educational experience while on clinical rotation as well as prepare the student for the end-of-rotation shelf-exam We feel you will find these question books challenging but an irreplace able part of the clinical rotation With high-quality, up-to-date content and hundreds of images and tables, this resource will be something you will continue to refer to even after you have completed your rotation The series editors would like to thank Susan Rhyner for supporting this concept from its inception We would like to express our appreciation to Catherine Noonan, Laura Blyton, Amanda Ingold, Ashley Fischer, Tari Broderick and Stacey Sebring, all of whom have been integral parts of the publishing team; their project management has been invaluable Veeral S Sheth, MD, FACS Stanley Zaslau, MD, MBA, FACS Robert Casanova, MD •• VII We would like to dedicate this book to all our medical students and the patients we serve Without them the knowledge, guidance, and feedback to make this book would not have been possible We would like to specifically thank, Dr Savannah Ross, for her feedback as a medical student and future pediatrician on the construct, design, and information presented within this book We are forever thankful to our many colleagues who helped author each chapter and each other for endless support along the way Lastly, we would like to thank our families for their support and patience Stephanie R Jennings, MD, FAAP Kent Nelson, MD, FAAP Sonali Mehta Patel, MD, FAAP ••• VIII 560 Index Denys-Drash syndrome, 72 Doxycycline, 6, 289-290 Dermatomyositis, 291f Drowning, 206 Dermatophytes, 296 Drug rash, 283 Dermatophytic infection, 297 Dry skin, 279 Desmopressin, 230-231 DTaP See Diphtheria, tetanus, and Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH), 29 acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine Duodenal atresia, 30-3 Developmental quotient (DQ), 54 Duodenal hematoma, 12-13, 348 Dexamethasone, 267 Duodenal ulcer, 335 Dextrocardia, 164 Dural ectasia, 92 Diabetes insipidus (DI), 222-223, 259 Dysgammaglobulinemia, Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 236-237, Dyslexia, 55 265-266, 330 Dyslipidemia, - 32, 156-157 Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 377-378 Dysmorphic facies, 130 Diaphragmatic hernias, 164, 186, 348 Dysphagia, 329 Diarrhea, 18- 19, 309-3 10, 330, 345-346 bloody, 337 chronic, 306 foul-smelling, 341, 356 infectious, 346 isolated, 341 malabsorptive, 341 E Early dental evaluation and preventative care risk factors, Early diastolic decrescendo murmur, 139-140 osmotic, 341 Ebstein anomaly, 108, 130 severe, 337 Echovirus, 251 toddler's, 341 Ectodermal dysplasia, 272 Diffuse bronchiectasis, 194-19 Ectopic atrial tachycardias, Diffuse maculopapular rash, 205 Ectopic pregnancy, 82, 85 DiGeorge syndrome, 89, , 95, 155, 301, Edema due to anaphylaxis, 222 305, 309, 14, Edematous wheals, 288 Digoxin, 138 Edwards syndrome See Trisomy Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), 371 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 153 Diphenhydramine, 66, 310 Eikenella corrodens, 19-120 overdose, 3-4 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) oxygen delivery to developing fetus, 191 oxygen dissociation curve, 189, 190f Diphtheria, 441 Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, 1-2, 166 Eisenmenger syndrome, 178 Elevated ferritin levels, Embryonic development, 66-67 Emergency medical services, Emollients, 308 Empiric intravenous antibiotic regimen, 34-35 Empiric therapy, 173-174 Dipstick test, 207-208 Enalaprilat, 125 Diuretics, 22 Encopresis, 355-356 Dopamine, 134 Endocardial cushion defect, 122 Down syndrome, 30, 93, 130 Endocarditis American Academy of Pediatrics Health Supervision Guidelines bacterial, 104-105 Duke criteria, 1 for Children with Down Endocrinopathies, 301 syndrome, 90-91 Endothelial tissue, 285 Doxazosin, 231 Endotracheal tube, 294 Index End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 214 PUVs, 225 Entamoeba histolytica infection, 361-363 Enteritis, 356 Enterobius vermicularis, 350 Enterococcus sp., 87, 140- 141, 2 Enucleation, 375 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 16-3 Enzyme replacement therapy, 98-99 Epiglottitis, 163- 164, 197-198 Epilepsy, 244 Epinephrine autoinjector, 10, 326 endotracheal administration, 149 intraosseously, 149 during resuscitation, 149 Epistaxis, 177-178 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 18, 205, 283, 301, 304-305 F Factitious disorder, 69 Failure to thrive (FTT), 43-44 Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 333 Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), 303, 403 Familial short stature, 262f, 263-264 Fanconi anemia, 377-381 Fanconi syndrome, 245-246 Farber disease, 96-97 Fatigue, 307, 5-3 16 Febrile seizures, 281 Fecal incontinence, 355-356 Fecalith, 344 Fecal urgency, 336 Female pubertal development, 257-258 Fencing reflex, 40f Ferritin levels, 364-365 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 140-141, 198-199 Erythema, 70 Fibrillin- 1, 408-409 Erythema infectiosum, 281 -282 Fine motor skills, 45, 57 Erythema migrans, 284 Fine needle aspiration, 370 Erythema multiforme (EM), 284, 299 First heart sound (S1), 143-144 Erythema nodosum, 336 Fitz-Hugh -Curtis syndrome, 67, 360 Erythema subitum, 281 Flail chest, Erythematous, 12-313 Fluconazole, 387 and edematous lips, 299 Erythematous macules, 282, 299 Erythematous rash, 291 Erythema toxicum, 27, 32-33 561 Fludrocortisone, 251-253 Fluid resuscitation bolus with isotonic fluid to replace intravascular volume, 244-245 Erythrocyte protoporphyrin, 74 Flumazenil, 199-200 Escherichia coli 0157:H7, 19, 67, 87, 347, Fluorescent treponema! antibody absorp- 386, tion (FTA-Abs), 80 urosepsis, 93-94 Focal bronchiectasis, 194-195 UTis with, 0-212 Folic acid deficiency, 390-391 Esophageal atresia, 348 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 77 Esophageal stenosis, Food allergies, 10, 322-323 Esophago gastroduodenoscopy, 335, 341 Food hypersensitivity, Ethambutol, 195-196 Forced expiratory volume at second Ethylene glycol ingestion, 243-244 Etiologic agent, 280-282 (FEV ), 183-184 Forced vital capacity (FVC), 183-184 Ewing sarcoma, 375-376, 379, 388 Foreign body aspiration, 15-17, 175-176 Exercise stress test, 148 Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 170- 171 inspiratory and expiratory chest radiography, 16f signs and symptoms, 15-16 Extradural hemorrhage, 37 Foul-smelling diarrhea, 341, 356 Extrahepatic biliary duct system, 339 Fractures, 423 Eye abnormalities, 286 Fragile X syndrome, 89 562 Index Free thyroxine (fT4), 253-254 Gram-negative coccobacilli, 188 Fungal pneumonia, 194-19 Granulocyte defect, 307 Fungi, 296 Graves disease, 265 Furosemide, 125, 140 Greenstick fracture, 423 Grey Turner sign, 330 G Griseofulvin, 297 GA �-HS infection See Group A �-hemolytic Streptococcus ( GA �-HS) infection Galactosemia, 93-94, 98, 418-419 Galactose- 1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) deficiency, 93-94, 418-419 Gallant reflex, 53 Ganglion cells, 36 Gardnerella vaginalis, 67, 78 Gastritis, 335 Gastroenteritis, 271 Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), 62, 352-353, 399-400 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 351-353 Gross motor skills, 57 Group A �-hemolytic Streptococcus (GA �-HS) infection, 109- 1 management, 12 Group A Streptococci (GAS), 8, 212 Growth hormone deficiency, Growth velocity, 58 Grunting with nasal flaring, 23-25 Guttate psoriasis, 278 Gynecologic cancers, 333 Gynecomastia, - 14 H HAART See Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) Gastrointestinal manifestations, HACEK group (Haemophilus, Actinobacil Gastrointestinal tract, 369-370 lus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella), 140-141 Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib ), General ability index, 55 Genital anomaly, 72 Genitalia, 25 163- 164, 373 Gentamicin, 35, 152, 5-216, 220 Haemophilus sp., 83, 1 9- 20, 302, 431 Germ cell tumors, 372-373, 385 Hair loss, 296 Giardiasis, - Hair shaft, 2f Giardia sp Harlequin coloration, 27 symptoms, 18-19 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 265, 270 Glandular tissue, 66 Headache, Glasgow Coma Scale, 238-239, 294 Head lice infestation, 2-3, 2f Glaucoma, 285f Head positioning, infant's reaction to, Globin isotypes, 376-377 Glomerulonephritis, 120 acute, Glucocorticoids, 397 39-40, 40f HEADSS examination See Home, Educa tion, Activity, Drugs, Social, Suicidal ideation (HEADSS examination) Glucose oxidase strip testing, 26 Hearing loss, 28-29 Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase Heart defect, 148 (G6PD) deficiency, y-Glutamyl transpeptidase, 342 Helicobacter pylori, 3 infection, 359-360 Glutaric acidemia, 93-94 Heliotrope rash, 291f Gluteal cleft, 291 Hemangiomas, 161- 162, 285 Gluten-mediated enteropathy, 337 Hematochezia, 336 Glycogen storage disorders, 98-99 Hematology, 379-381 Goldenhar syndrome, 198-199 Hematuria, 333 Goodpasture disease, 215, 18-219 asymptomatic, 333 Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 3 of IgA nephropathy, 214 Index Heme synthesis, 74 563 Home, Education, Activity, Drugs, Hemihypertrophy, 372 Social, Suicidal ideation (HEADSS Hemodialysis, 77 examination), Hemoglobin, 334, 398-399 Homocystinuria, 92 Hemoglobin Barts, 376-377 �-Human chorionic gonadotropin Hemoglobin S, 306 (�-HCG), 85 Hemolytic anemia, 285 Human colostrum, 10 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 19, Human herpesvirus-6, 281 212-213, 347 Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 301-302, 449 (HLH), 314 Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), 318, 401 Hemophilia A, 389-390 Human papillomavirus (HPV), 71-72, 438 Hemophilia B, 389-390 vaccine contraindication, to Hemorrhage, acute, 369 adolescents, 4-5 Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), 288, 332, 402 Human T-lymphotropic virus, 422 Hurler disease, 96-97 Hepatic echotexture, 342 Hyaline membrane disease, 348 Hepatic failure, 304-305 Hydration, adequate, 346 Hepatic necrosis, 345 Hydrocarbon Hepatitis, 148, 299, 331 acute, 342 neonatal, 32 Hepatitis A, 1 infection, 352 Hepatitis B, 337-338, 352, 422 vaccine, aspiration, 17 5-17 ingestion, 330 Hydrocele, 343 Hydrochlorothiazide, 222-223 Hydrocortisone, 251-253, 252, 280 therapies, 350 21-Hydroxylase deficiency, 259-262, 260f 261t Hepatitis C, 352, 422 Hyperbilirubinemia, 49, 339 Hepatoblastoma, 140 Hypercarbia, 191 Hepatocellular carcinoma, 338 Hyper-IgE syndrome, 309, 312 Hepatomegaly, Hyper-IgM/CD40 ligand deficiency, 314 Hereditary, 75 Hyper-IgM syndrome, angioedema, 302, 312 Hereditary nephritis See Alport syndrome Hyperinflation with areas of patchy opacities, 170-171 Hyperkalemia, 140, 246-247, 368 Hernia, 343-344 See also specific hernias Hyperlipidemia, Heroin, 79 Hyperparathyroidism, 272-273 Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 29, Hyperphosphatemia, 246-247, 368 284, 292 Hypertension, 268 Heterophile antibody test, 205 Hypertonic therapy, 244-245 Highly active anti-retroviral therapy Hypertriglyceridemia, 420 (HAART), 321-322 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 334, 353 Hirschsprung disease, 36, 93, 180, 359 Hypertrophy, 334 Histiocytosis, Hyperuricemia, 246-247 Histoplasma capsulatum, 173-174 HIV infection, 321-322 HLHS See Hypoplastic left heart syn Hypocalcemia, 22, 233-234, 241, 246-247, drome (HLHS) Hodgkin disease, 394 Holliday-Segar method, 243 305, 309 Hypofibrinogenemia, 5, 422 Hypogammaglobulinemia, 304, 319 Hypoglycemia, 22, 26, 265 asymptomatic, 27 564 Index Hypokalemia, 236-237 Inflammatory bowel disease, 246, Hyponatremia, -22, 233-234 336, 341 Hypoparathyroidism, 272-273, 301, 309 Infliximab, Hypophosphatemia, 233-234 Influenza, 192 Hypopigmentation, 280 vaccination, 195, 302 Hypopituitary hypothyroidism, 253-254 virus, 283 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), 108 symptoms, 128-129 Inguinal hernia, 343-344 Inherited disease, 342 Insulin, 266 Hypospadias, 372 administration, 27 Hypotension, 294, 345 resistance, 68 Hypothalamic amenorrhea, 254-255 Intensive care unit, neonatal, Hypothalamic-pituitary tumor, 270 Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM- Hypothyroidism, 15, 44, 49, 76, 253-254 Hypoxia, intermittent, 178 and ICAM-2), 323-324 Intermittent catheterization regimen, Intermittent chest pain, 147f 148 Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Intra-abdominal infection, 344 Hypoxic spells, 124-125 Intracranial bleed, 349 Intracranial mass, 369 Intravenous fluid therapy, 229 I Ibuprofen, 65 Idiopathic scoliosis, 75 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 384 Ifosfamide, 395 IgA nephropathy, 14 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 300, 7, 397 Intraventricular hemorrhage, Intubation, 187 Intussusception, 349, 354 Iron absorption, 345 IgE-mediated inflammation, 326 deficiency anemia, 86, 74 Ileo-ileal intussusception, 332 ingestion, 345 Imipramine, 223 Immune complex, 288 Immunizations, Immunodeficiencies, 302, 14-3 15 syndrome, Immunoglobulin, 13-314 Immunomodulators, 308 Immunophenotyping, 302 Immunosuppressive medications, 3 Impaired platelet function See Thrombocytopenia therapy, 86 Irreversible behavioral intellectual disabilities, 97 Isoimmune hemolysis, 32 Isoimmunization, 23 Isoniazid, 195-196 J Janeway lesions, 120 Jaundice, 337 Imperforate hymen, 74 Jaw thrust technique, 187 Impetigo, 292 Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, 104, Incontinence, fecal, 355-356 1 0- 1 Inefficient bilirubin metabolism, -32 Jimson weed, Infant car seat See Car seat safety Job syndrome, Infant's expected growth, 7-48 Junctional ectopic tachycardia, Infection, acute, 338 Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), 407 Infectious mononucleosis, 283 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 397 Inflammatory acne, 295 Juvenile polyps, 333 Index K 565 Liquefaction necrosis, 329-330 Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, 285 Kaposi sarcoma, 80 Kartagener syndrome, 148, 169-170 Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon, 285 Kawasaki disease, 8, 136, Kayser-Fleischer rings, 364/ Kerion, 296-297, 297f Liquid chromatography, 368 Lisch nodules, 93-94 Listeria monocytogenes, 34 Lithium, 140-141 Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), 195 Liver abscesses, 307 Kingella sp., 87, 1 9-120, 428 enzymes, 12-313 Klinefelter syndrome, 90 function tests, 3 Klippel-Feil syndrome, 451 -452 Koebner phenomenon, 291 Koplik spots, 282 Krabbe disease, 96-97 transplant, 340 Lobar pneumonia, 303-304 bacterial, 187-188 Long QT syndrome (LQTS), 104 Long-standing fecal, 355 L Loperamide, 415-416 Lactobacillus sp., 78 Lower central incisors, 52 Lactoferrin, Lown -Ganong-Levine syndrome, 104 LAIV See Live attenuated infl uenza LQTS See Long QT syndrome (LQTS) vaccine (LAIV) Lumbar puncture, , 369 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), 77 Laryngomalacia, 189 Lyme disease, 284 Laryngotracheobronchitis, 17, 197-198 Lymphadenitis, 303 Laryngotracheobronchoscopy, 176-177 Lymphadenopathy, 5, 435 Lead poisoning, 364-365 Lymph nodes, 83 Lectin pathway, 1 Lymphocytes, donor, 3 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, 409-410, 439 Lyrnphoma, 304, 378 Leptomeningeal angiomatosis, 285/ Lymphoma-like syndrome, Lesions on scalp and hair, 2-3 Lymphopenia, 398-399 Lethargy, 382 Lysosomal acid 1,4-glucosidase deficiency, 96-97 Leucovorin, Leukemia, 1 , , 327 acute, 368 Lysosomes, Lytic bone lesions, Leukocoria, 375 Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies (LADs), 304 Leukocytosis, 394 Leukopenia, 307, 399 Leukotriene inhibitor, 203 Levofloxacin, M Macrolides, 283, 394 Macroorchidism, 89 Macrosomia at birth, 89 Maculopapular rash, 282-283, 12-313, 315 Levothyroxine, 159 Mainstay therapy, 259 Lice Major Duke criteria, 19-120 body louse, Major Jones criteria, 109 head louse, 2-3, 2f Malabsorptive diarrhea, 341 infestation, 2-3 Malaise, 337 pubic louse, Malaria Life-threatening arrhythmias, 246-247 chemoprophylactic therapy, 5-6 Lindane cream, symptoms, 0- 1 566 Index Malingering disorder, 69 Menorrhagia, 86 Malnutrition, 233-234 Menstrual cycles, 75-76 Malrotation of midgut volvulus, Menstrual period, 81-82 acute obstruction, 357f Mercaptopurine, 371 chest radiograph, 357-358 Mescaline, 79 computed tomography scan, 357-358 Metabolic acidosis with respiratory mesentery twists, 357f urgent surgical correction, 357-358 compensation, 237-238 Metabolic alkalosis, 353 Mandibulofacial dysostosis, 198-199 Metabolic disease, 342 Mannose-binding lectin, 1 Metabolic syndrome, 420 Marfanoid body habitus, 92 Methamphetamine, 126 Marfan syndrome, 90, 92, 153, 155 Methemoglobinemia, 190- characteristic findings, 1 Ghent criteria, 1 Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), 290 Marijuana, 13, 80 Methimazole, 158-159 Maroon-colored stools, 334 Methotrexate, 370-371, 395, 397 Massive hepatosplenomegaly, 392 Metronidazole, 35, 78, 356 Mast cell, 283 Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, 384 Mastitis, Microcephaly, 148 Maternal smoking, risk factor for SIDS, 8-9 Microcytic anemia, 86, 374, 382, 391 Maxilla hyperplasia, 392 Microphthalmia, 148 Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome, 254-255 Microscopic polyangiitis, 402 MCDK See Multicystic dysplastic kidney Migration, 350 (MCDK) Mild aortic stenosis, 139-140 Measles, 351 Mild scleral icterus, 49 Measles exanthem, 282 Milia, 34 Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) Miliaria rubra, 33 vaccine, Mebendazole, 350 Milk protein allergy (MPA), , 36, 353, 415-416 Meckel diverticulum, 335, 343 Milrinone, 134-135 Meckel scan, 335 Mimic anticholinergic overdose, Meconium aspiration, 25 Minimal change disease (MCD), 207 syndrome, 164, Minocycline, 295, 295t Meconium ileus, 180 Minor Duke criteria, 120 Medication reaction symptoms, 84 Minor Jones criteria, 109- 10 Medium -chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Mitochondrial dysfunction, deficiency (MCAD), 98 Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 92, 14, 153 Medulloblastoma, 369 Mitral valve stenosis, 153 Mefloquine, Molluscum contagiosum, 287 Megaloblastic anemia, 374, 391 Mometasone, 280 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, 271 Mononucleosis, infectious, 283 Membrane proliferative glomerulonephri- Mood disorders, 73 tis, Meningitis, 168, 5, 355 and sepsis, Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV), 71-72 Moraxella catarrhalis, 437 Moro reflex, 26, 39 Motor and vocal tics, 55 Motor development, 60 Motor milestones, 46, Meningococcal disease, 332 Mucocutaneous candidiasis, 272 Menkes disease, 409 Mucor sp., 173-174 Index Mucosa, 369-370 Nephrolithiasis, 15-216, 436 inflammation, 332 Nephrotic syndrome, 221 -222 surfaces, 332 Nephrotoxicity, 395 Mucositis, 395 Neuroblastoma, 378, 395 Mullerian duct, 65 Neurocardiogenic syncope, 138 development, 254-255 Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK), 92, 208-209 567 Neurofibromatosis, 93-94 Neurogenic bladder, Neutropenia, Multicystic kidney, 226 Neutrophil burst assay, 172 Multiple congenital anomaly syndromes, 221 Neutrophil chemotaxis, Mumps, 351 Newborn infant's transition, 22 Murmurs, 106 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), 303 Murphy sign, 360 Muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine), Niemann-Pick syndrome, 93-94, 96-97 Mutations Nitazoxanide, JAK3, 305 Nitroblue tetrazolium tests, 302 22ql l.2, 305-306 Nitrofurantoin, 9-220 WASP, 306 Nitroglycerin, 1 , 136 Mycobacteria, 306 Nits, 2-3, 2f Mycobacterium-avium complex (MAC), 301 Nocardia, 303, 307 Mycoplasma sp., 78, 164-165, 192, 299 Nodulocystic acne, 295 Mydriasis (dilated pupils), Nonaccidental head injury, 1 - Myeloperoxidase, 303 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 420 Myocardial infarction, 169 Myocarditis, 150, 169, 299 Nonbilious and nonbloody vomiting, 30-31 Nonpathologic hemoglobin, 376-377 Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, 61 N Nafcillin, 152 Naildystrophy, 412 Naloxone, 77, 199-200 Naproxen, 397 Nasal ulcers, 398-399 Nasogastric tube, 51 with gastric lavage, 335 Natural killer (NK) cells, 301 cytotoxicity, 265 Nebulized bronchodilators, 135-136 Necrosis, 304-305 Neisseria sp., 67, 78, 294, 307, 0-312, 435-436 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), 299, 359-360 Noonan syndrome, 99-100, 155 Norovirus, 347 Nuclear medicine technetium-99m, 343 Nuclear scintigraphy, 370 Nucleic acid, 435-436 Nummular eczema, 278 Nutritional vitamin D deficiency radiograph, 273 Nutrition for infant, 40-41 Nystagmus, 301, 444 Nystatin, 350 suspension, Neonatal breast hypertrophy, 9-10, 9f Neonatal hepatitis, 32 Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 129-130 Obesity, 14- Neonatal RDS, 164 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 70, 178 Neonatal reflex, 39-40, 40f Obtain renal ultrasound, 220f, 221 Neonatal Resuscitation Program, 149 Oliguria, 229 Neoplasia, Ophthalmology, 451-452 568 Index Opportunistic infections, 301 Paroxetine, 138 Oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), 370 Oral aversion, 51 Parvovirus B l 9, 394 Oral contraceptive, 85 Patau syndrome See Trisomy Oral mucosa, 299 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 121 -122, Oral rehydration therapy, 240 142-143, 148 Oral thrush, Pearly papules, 286-287, 287f Orchiopexy, 372-373 Pectus excavatum, 92, 153 Ordering thyroid function testing, 253-254 Pediculosis sp., Organ damage, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID ), 67 Ornithine transcarbamylase ( OTC) Penicillin, 283, 19-320, 387 deficiency, 95-96 Oropharyngeal burns, 329 Oropharynx, 347 anaphylactic and non -anaphylactic reaction, 320 skin testing, 19-320 Ortolani maneuver, 29 Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 3 Oseltamivir, 173-174 Perceptual reasoning factor score, 54-55 Osgood-Schlatter disease, 439 Perianal itching, 350 Osler nodes, 120 Pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage, Osmotic diarrhea, 341 133- 134 Osteochondroma, 388-389, 424-425 Pericarditis, 148, 159, 169 Osteogenesis imperfecta, 93-94, 241 Peripheral blood, 74 Osteoid osteoma, 388-389, 439 Osteomyelitis, 303, 307, 400-401, 424-425 Osteosarcoma, 75, 379, 388 Otitis media, 283 Ototoxicity, 395 Ovarian torsion, 82 Overflow incontinence, 355-356 Oxacillin, 52 Oxybutynin, 223 Oxycodone, 87 Oxygen saturation, 184- 186, 191 Peripheral perfusion, 294 Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, 1- 122 Peritonsillar abscess, 17-18, 167-168 Permethrin cream, Pernicious anemia, 301, 17-3 18 Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN), 170- Pervasive developmental disorder, 59-60 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 333 PHACES syndrome, 285-286 Phagocytic cells, 303 Pharyngitis, 308-309 p acute, 17 6-177 Palate, arched, 408 bacterial, 283 Pancreatic enzymes, 342 Phencyclidine, 87, 126 Pancreatitis, 330 Phenobarbital, 370 Pancytopenia, 379-381 Phenylketonuria (PKU), 97 Panhypopituitarism, 249-251 Pheochromocytomas, 17, 268 Papilledema, 369 Photophobia, 249-251, 289-290, Papulopustular acne, 295 Phototherapy, 421 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, 173-174 Physiologic jaundice, Parainfluenza virus, Physostigmine, 4, 199-200 Paraphimosis, 424 Pierre-Robin sequence, 198-199 Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 272-273, Pimecrolimus, 280 41 3-414 Pinworm infection, 350 Parathyroid hypoplasia, 305 Piperacillin-tazobactam, 220 Parietal bones and occipital bone, 42, 43f Pituitary disease, 270 Index Pituitary hormone levels, 269 Progressive ataxia, 301 Pityriasis alba, 278 Progressive emesis, 353 Pityriasis rosea, 80, 278, 291 Prolapse Plain abdominal radiography, 342 mitral valve, 92, 14, 153 Plantar reflexes, 53 rectal, 180 569 Plasmodium sp., Prophylactic antibiotic, 373 Platelet aggregation, 318 Prophylaxis, 104-105, 373 Platinum, 371 Propionibacterium acnes, 73 Prostaglandin E (PGE ), 151- 152 Proteinuria, 217 asymptomatic, 333 Proteus mirabilis, 87, 223-224 Pseudogynecomastia, 66 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 87, 12, 386, 428 Psoriasis, 291 Puberty, 3-14 Pubic lice, Pneumococcal infections, 300 Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, 73 Pneumococcal vaccine, 2, 302 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 175 Pneumocystis sp., 301, 306, 316, 319, 387 Pneumonia, 176- 177, 12, 330 bacterial, 356 fungal, 194-195 lobar, 187-188, 303-304 multiple episodes, 169-170 secondary, 346 viral, 194-19 Pneumonitis, 299 Pneumothorax, 175-176 Polycystic kidneys, 226 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 75-76, 77 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 317 Polyps, 333 Pompe disease, 96-97 Port wine stain, 285f Posterior cervical adenopathy, 296 Posterior chest wall, 75 Posterior fossa defects, 286 Posterior pharynx, 308-309 Posterior urethral valves (PUVs), 436 Post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant, 312-3 13 Post-infectious enzyme deficiency, 269-270 Postpartum depression, 48-49, 351 Poxvirus, 287 Prader-Willi syndrome, 89, 267 Preauricular pits, 221 Precocious puberty, 14, 255-257 Prednisone, 90 Premature infants, Prematurity, 414 Prenatal care, 23 Pulmonary atresia (PA) chest radiograph in, 129 and intact ventricular septum (PA/ IVS), 124 Pulmonary blastomycosis, 173-174 Pulmonary fibrosis, 395 Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 183-184 Pulmonary hypertension, 70 Pulmonary hypoplasia, 164 Pulmonary stenosis (PS), 99-100, 107 Pulmonary valve stenosis, 108 Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, 154-155 Pulmonology referral, 182-183 Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, 195-196 Purines, 371 Purple coloration, 291/ Pyelonephritis, 5-216, 227-228, 342 Pyloric stenosis, , 353 Pyloromyotomy, 334 Pylorus, 334 Pyoderma gangrenosum, 336 Pyrazinamide, 195-196 Q Quantitative immunoglobulin levels, 302 R Radiography, 345 Primaquine, abdominal, 335, 344-345 Processing speed index, 55 bone age (see Bone age radiography) 570 Index dental, 105-106 Romano-Ward syndrome, 104 greenstick fracture, 423-424 Rooting reflex See Sucking reflex lungs and chest, , 184, 194-195 Roseola, 281 skeletal survey, 1 - Rotavirus, 19, 347 Ranitidine, 415-416 antigen testing, 18 Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, 61 vaccine, Rapid plasmin reagent (RPR), 80 Roth spots, 120 Rashes, 32-33 Routine desmopressin administration, 258-259 RDS See Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) RSV See Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Rear-facing car seats, Rubella, Rear-facing convertible car seats, Rubeola virus, 282 Rear-facing infant-only car seats, Recombinant INF-y, 324-325 Rectal manometry, 36 Rectal prolapse, 180 Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, 323-324 Refeeding syndrome, 233-234 Renal artery stenosis, 1 Renal disease, 399 Renal injury, 207-208 Renal osteodystrophy, 240 Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 235-236, 436 type , 239-240 Respiratory burst, 303 Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 24-25, 27-28 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 17 Retained fetal lung fluid syndrome, 24 Retinal hemorrhages, 93-94 Retinoblastoma, 375, 449 Retinoic acid, 383 s Salicylates, 346 toxicity, 238-239 Salmonella sp., 303, 347, 373, 386 infection, 362 Sarcoptes scabiei, 288-289 Scalp edema, 36-37 Scaly lesions, 277-279, 277f Scaly skin, 279f Schizoaffective disorder, 72-73 Schizophrenia, 72 Schizotypal personality disorder, Scleral icterus, 2-3 Scleritis, 435 Scleroderma, 400, 408 Scoliosis, 89 Second- and third-degree heart blocks, 159 Second heart sound (S2), 143-144 Seizures, , 89 increased risk, 234 Retropharyngeal abscesses, 168 febrile, 281 Reye syndrome, 8, 346 tonic-clonic, 305-306 Rhabdomyolysis, 207-208 Selective IgA deficiency, Rhinorrhea, 283-284 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 138 Rhinovirus, 192-193 Sensorineural hearing loss, 28-29 Rib notching, 1 Sepsis, 2-213, 244, 355 Rickets, 245-246 Septic arthritis, Rickettsial infection, 284/ Septicemia, 294 Rickettsia rickettsii, 290 Serum eosinophilia, Rifampin, 195-196 Serum glucose, 330 Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), 108 Serum potassium level, 140 Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Severe combined immuno deficiency obstruction, 1 5, 125 Robertsonian translocation, 93 Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), 289-290 (SCID), 301 Sexual maturity rating (SMR), 13, 249-25 , 255, 257-258 system, 256f Index 571 Shaken baby syndrome, 12 Still murmu� 133 Shigella sonnei, 19, 347 Stimulatory thyroid hormone receptor antibodies, 264-265, 270 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, 379-381 symptoms and findings, 264f Sickle cell anemia (SCA), 327-328, 373 Sickle cell disease, 180- , 306, 8, 394 Strabismus, 89, 444 Sideroblastic anemia, 74 Strangulated hernia, 343 Sinopulmonary infections, 301, 306, Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPB), 207, 7- 8, 373 Situs inversus, 180 infection, 327-328 Sjogren syndrome, 136-137, 399-400 See also Autoimmune disorders Streptococcus sp., 18, 1 9-120, 140- 141, 212, 278, 283, 288, 302, 425, 428 Skin neoplasia, 286 Streptomycin, 195-196 prick tests, Stridor, 197-198 testing, 9-320 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 161-162, 285f Slapped cheek rash, 282f Stuttering, 44 Sleep aids (doxylamine), Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 251 Smith-Magenis syndrome, 91 Subdural hemorrhage, 349 Snoring/chocking noises during sleep, 70 Subgaleal hemorrhage, 37 Soak-and -seal method, 308 Sodium bicarbonate, 140 Sodium polystyrene resin, 246-247 Somatic cells, 375 Somatoform disorder, 69 Sore throat, Subglottic stenosis, 173 Subperiosteal hemorrhage, 37 Sucking reflex, 40, 53 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 8, 61 risk factors for, Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) episodes, 104 Specific antibody levels, 302 P-waves, 144-145 Speech therapy, 1-52, 57 Sphingomyelinase deficiency, 96-97 Spina bifida, Spina bifida occulta, 36 Spinal cord tumor, 355 Spiral fracture, 423 Splenectomy, 394 Splenic macrophages, 304 Splenic sequestration, 393-394, 394 Splenomegaly, 5-3 16, 7-3 Sporadic, 375 ccStaghorn" appearance calculi, 223, 224f Stanford-Binet test, 54-55 QRS complexes, 144, 145f- 146f Surfactant, lack of, 28 Swallow saliva, 329 Sweat chloride test, 172 Sympathomimetic overdose, Symptomatic anemia, 333 Synchronized cardioversion, 146 Syphilis, 80, 405 primary, 82-83, 83f Syrup of ipecac, 199-200 Systemic hypertension, - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 136-137, 307, 398-399 See also Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 300 Staphylococcus sp., 67, 87, 140- 14 , 288, 292-293, 303, 307, 12, 9, 386 Statin therapy, 15 Stem cell transplantation, 14-315, Sternal clefting/ supraumbilical abdominal raphe, 286 Steroid cream, 280 Autoimmune disorders Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthri tis, 337 Systemic retinoid therapy, 291 Systemic therapy, 280 T Steroid therapy, 221-222 Tachycardia, 4, , 382 Stevens-Johnsons syndrome, 284, 299, 332 Tachypnea, 164 Still disease, 337 Tacrolimus, 308 I ndex 572 Tactile fevers, 280-282 Tonsillar hypertrophy, 70 Tanner stages See Sexual maturity rating Tonsillectomy, 389-390 (SMR) TAPVR See Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) Tonsillitis, 5-316 Tooth eruption, 52 Topical antipruritic, 288 Tay- Sachs disease, 93-94 Topical calcineurin inhibitors, 280 T-cell defects, 300, 305, 306-307, 314, TORCH infections, 0f T-cell lymphomas, 368 Torus fracture, 423 Telangiectasias, 309 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Testicular feminization syndrome, 261 (TAPVR), 106-107 Testosterone replacement therapy, 90 Total body water, 222 Tetracyclines, 290 Tourette syndrome, 55 Tetralogy of Fallot, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 284, 300 Tet spells See Hypoxic spells Toxic megacolon, 360-361 See also a-Thalassemia trait, 376-377 Hirschsprung disease Thioguanine nucleotide, 371 Toxoplasma gondii, 28 Third-generation cephalosporin, 356 Toxoplasmosis, 449 Thrombocytopenia, 86, 285, 300, 307, , Tracheitis, bacterial, 17 6-177 378, 384, 399 Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome, 77 Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF), 189, 348 Tracheomalacia, 189 Tracheostomy, 187 Thrombocytopenic purpura, 148, 300 Transient lactase deficiency, 345-346 Thromboembolism in arteries and veins, Transient tachypnea, 24, 348 92 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 384 Thrush, 193-194, 308-309 See also Oral thrush Translocation, 89 Treacher-Collins syndrome, 198-199 Tremors, 26 Treponema palladium, 28-29 Tretinoin, 295 Thymic aplasia, 301, Triamcinolone, 280 Thymic hypoplasia, 301 Thymidine, 371 Trichinella spiralis infection, 362 Trichophyton tonsurans, 296 Thyroid disease, 264-265 Trichotillomania, 297 Thyroid enzyme inhibition, 269-270 Tricuspid atresia, 124, 129 Thyroid hormone, 370 Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) function, 70 amitriptyline, tests, 90-91 overdose, 138 Thyroid nodules, 370 Trigeminal nerve, 285f Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), 253-254 253-254 Tic disorder, chronic, 55 Trimethoprim -sulfamethoxazole (TMPSMX), 9-220, 299, 387 Tinea sp., 278-279, 296-297 Triple X syndrome, 254-255 Tinidazole, Trisomy 13, 94-95 Tissue damage, 3 Trisomy 18, 94-95 Tobacco smoke exposure, children with Trisomy , 306 passive, True hermaphroditism, 254-255 Toddler fracture, 423 Tubo-ovarian abscess, 82 Toddler's diarrhea, 341 Tufted angioma, 285 Tonic-clonic seizure, 305-306 Tumor lysis syndrome, 86, 246-247, 368 Tonic neck reflex, 39-40 Tumors, 342 Index Turner syndrome, 74, 77, 85, 99-100, 155, 263 bicuspid aortic valve, associated with, 148 573 Vascular ring, 17, 188-189 Vascular thrombosis, 92 Vascular tumors, 285 Vasopressin, 259 Type glycogen storage disease, 98-99 Velocardiofacial syndromes, Type II diabetes mellitus, 68 Ventricular repolarization, 127 Type III hypersensitivity reaction, 320-321 Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 123-124 Tyrosine kinase, 300 Ventricular tachycardia, Verapamil, 138 Verbal comprehension factor, 54-55 u Ulcer, 335 secondary, 359-360 Ulcerative colitis (UC), 337 Umbilical cord, 307 Umbilical hernia, 363 Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, -32 Upper central incisors, 52 Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series, 334 Ureaplasma sp., 78, 164-165 Ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 5-216 Urinalysis, 1-212, symptoms, 230 Urinary calculi, primary, 223-224 Urinary tract infections (UTis), 67, 207-208, 299, 330 with E coli, 210-212 Urine metanephrines, 267 electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, 268 excess T4 release, 268-269 venous Doppler study, 268 Urticaria, 284 Uveitis, 401 anterior, 299 Vertebral osteomyelitis, 227-228 Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), 209 Vinca alkaloids, 371 Vincristine, 395 Viral encephalitis, 249-251, 251 Viral gastroenteritis, 330 Viral hepatitis, 360 Viral infections, 192, 306, 330-331, 455-456 Viral myocarditis, 150 Viral pneumonia, 194-195 Virilized genitalia, 252f Viscous lidocaine, Vitamin B 2, Vitamin C, 412 Vitamin D deficiency, 240, 274 Vitamin E, 412 Vitamin K, 198, 369-370 Vitamin supplement, 23 Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), 204-205 Vocal cord nodules, 173 Voiding cystourethrogram, 0-2 1 Vomiting, 283-284, 353 Von Gierke disease, 98-99 von Willebrand disease (vWD), 389-390 w WAGR sequence, v Vaccines See specific vaccines Vaginal epithelial cells, 78 Valproic acid, 140-141 Valsalva maneuver, 1 , 132-133 Valvulitis, 159 Warfarin, 140-141 Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC), 54-55 Wegener granulomatosis, 218-219 West Nile virus, 251 Wheezing, 16-17, 197-198, 203-204 Vancomycin, 35, 356 Whiff test, 77-78 Vanillyl mandelic acid, 1 White pupillary reflex, 375 Varicella infections, 287 Widespread eczema, 309-310 Varicella vaccines, 2, 351 Williams syndrome, 148, 153 Varicella zoster virus (VZV), 251, 282, 292-293 characteristic features, 155 Wilms tumor, , 226, 72, 385 574 Index Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital anomalies, and mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome, 72 Wilson disease, 364-365 X X-Linked agammaglobulinemia, 170 X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, 304, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 300, 306, 309, 14, 377 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), 300 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) y Yellow fever, 1 Yersinia sp., 67, 347 syndrome, 103-104, 1 Working memory index, 55 WPW syndrome See Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) syndrome z Zinc, 412 [...]... following, which is the preferred chemoprophylactic therapy for malaria prior to her travel? 6 Shelf- Life Pediatrics (A) (B) (C) (D) Chloroquine Atovaquone-proguanil Primaquine phosphate Levofloxacin (E) No prophylaxis indicated The answer is B: Atovaquone-proguanil Malaria is the most important pre ventable life- threatening, insect-borne illness that affects international travelers Malaria is transmitted... pressure 130/90 mmHg On examination, she is inconsolable Her skin is red and dry and her pupils are dilated but sluggish Of the following, which is the most likely cause of this infant's symptoms? 4 Shelf- Life Pediatrics (A) (B) (C) (D) Acetaminophen overdose Diphenhydramine overdose Meningitis Methylphenidate toxicity (E) Dehydration The answer is B: Diphenhydramine overdose The patient in the vignette... alone has been associated with a marked rise in seatbelt- related injuries At what ages is it recommended to routinely administer the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) vaccine? 1 2 Shelf- Life Pediatrics (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months 2, 4, 6, 15 to 18 months, and 4 to 6 years 12 months and 4 to 6 years Birth, 2, and 6 to 18 months 2, 4, and 6 months The answer is 8:... Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) is not detected by pulse oximetry; thus, the PaO2 value can be normal despite high HbCO concentra tions CO poisoning is treated with 1 00% oxygen, and in severe cases, patients 8 Shelf- Life Pediatrics may require hyperbaric oxygen therapy Automobile exhaust contains high lev els of CO and exposure during long car rides with inadequate or malfunction ing exhaust systems is a risk factor... Reassurance given to the parents Breast enlarge ment in the newborn period is quite common and is called neonatal breast hypertrophy This results from circulating maternal endogenous steroid 10 Shelf- Life Pediatrics hormones in the late gestational period This condition is usually benign and no further management is necessary (A) Ultrasound, (B) biopsies, and (D) antibiotics are not necessary for... injury will heal without the need for intervention The answer is C: Radiographic skeletal survey Based on the history and physical examination findings of the child in the vignette, there is a high 12 Shelf- Life Pediatrics Figure 1-3 suspicion for nonaccidental head injury Infants with nonaccidental injuries often present with nonspecific clinical features and may not have any admit ted history of trauma... Activity, Drugs, Social, Suicidal ideation) would be recommended (D) While gynecomastia in a phenotypic male could be the presentation of androgen insensitivity and diagnosed with karyotype testing, 14 Shelf- Life Pediatrics - '• ' · ' ' ' ' • ' ' / - · r3 G I 4 5 / ;::.- / � ' - ') Figure 1-4 this is quite rare and would not be the most appropriate next step for the patient in the vignette (B)... wheezing and his breath sounds are diminished on the right side His parents deny any sick contacts and the boy is currently afebrile Of the following, which is this patient's most likely diagnosis? 16 Shelf- Life Pediatrics (A) (B) (C) (D) Asthma exacerbation Laryngotracheobronchitis Foreign body aspiration Vascular ring (E) Bronchiolitis The answer is C : Foreign body aspiration Children younger than 3 years... is the most likely cause of his symptoms? Figure 1-6 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Parainfluenza virus Corynebacterium diphtheriae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae 18 Shelf- Life Pediatrics The answer is D : Streptococcus pyogenes The image in the vignette demonstrates a peritonsillar abscess A peritonsillar abscess develops between the superior pole of the tonsil and its... any signs supporting these possibilities (A) Hyponatremia is a cause of neonatal seizures and is often seen second ary to incorrect formula mixing Other causes of hyponatremia include the 21 22 Shelf- Life Pediatrics syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone or cerebral salt wasting; both can be seen following intracranial injury or hemorrhage Diuretic use can also lead to hyponatremia (B) Hypoglycemia ... website at lww.com (products and services) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shelf-life pediatrics /editors, Sonali Mehta Patel, Kent Nelson, Stephanie R Jennings p.; em Includes... Ohio Instructor of Clinical Pediatrics Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science North Chicago, Illinois Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's... Program Inpatient Director, Pediatrics Advocate Children's Hospital Oak Lawn, Illinois Mark M Butterly, MD Nicole Keller, DO Director Pediatric Residency Program Department of Pediatrics Advocate Children's