STANDARD HANDBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN J o s e p h E S h i g l e y Editor mcmef Late Professor Emeritus The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan C h a r l e s R M i s c h k e Editor in chief Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames, Iowa T h o m a s H B r o w n , Jr Editor >n chief Faculty Associate Institute for Transportation Research and Education North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina Third Edition MCGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Seoul MexicoSingapore City MilanSydney New Delhi San Juan Toronto Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress Copyright © 2004, 1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher 1234567890 DOC/DOC ISBN 0-07-144164-6 The sponsoring editor for this book was Kenneth McCombs, the editing supervisor was Caroline Levine, and the production supervisor was Pamela Pelton It was set in Times Roman by North Market Street Graphics Printed and bound by RR Donnelley McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, McGrawHill, Professional Publishing, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298 Or contact your local bookstore Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ("McGraw-Hill") from sources believed to be reliable However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste CONTRIBUTORS Thomas H Brown, Jr Faculty Associate, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N G (CHAR 1) R B Bhat Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (CHAP 31) Sachindranarayan Bhaduri Associate Professor, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Tex (CHAP 39) John H Bickford Retired Vice President, Manager of the Power-Dyne Division, Raymond Engineering Inc., Middletown, Conn (CHAP 22) Omer W Blodgett Design Consultant, The Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio (CHAP 26) Daniel M Curtis Senior Mechanical Engineer, NKF Engineering, Inc., Arlington, Va (CHAP 7) Daniel E Czernik Director of Product Engineering, Fel-Pro Inc., Skokie, 111 (CHAP 25) Joseph Datsko Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (CHAP 32) Raymond J Drago Senior Engineer, Advanced Power Train Technology, Boeing Vertol, Philadelphia, Pa (CHAP 10) K S Edwards Professor of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, Tex (CHAP 12) Rudolph J Eggert Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, Boise, Idaho (CHAP 13) Wolfram Funk Professor, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Maschinenelemente und Getriebetechnik, Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (CHAP 14) Richard E Gustavson bridge, Mass (CHAP 3) Technical Staff Member, The Charles Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cam- Harry Herman Professor of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ (CHAP 30) R Bruce Hopkins The Hopkins Engineering Co., Cedar Falls, Iowa (CHAP 21) Robert J Hotchkiss Director, Gear Technology, Gleason Machine Division, Rochester, NY (CHAP 11) Robert E Joerres Applications Engineering Manager, Associated Spring, Barnes Group Inc., Bristol, Conn (CHAP 6) Harold L Johnson Associate Professor Emeritus, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga (CHAP 5) Theo J Keith, Jr Professor and Chairman of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio (CHAP 19) Theodore K Krenzer Director of Research and Development, Gleason Machine Division, Rochester, NY (CHAP 11) A R Lansdown Director, Swansea Tribology Centre, University of Swansea, United Kingdom, (CHAR 20) Kenneth C Ludema Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (CHAP 34) Charles R Mischke Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, (CHAPS 17,18,27,28,29,33,37) Andrzej A Oledzki Professor Emeritus, Warsaw Technical University, Warsaw, Poland (CHAP 4) Richard S Sabo Manager, Educational Services, The Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio (CHAR 26) T S Sankar Professor and Chairman, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, (CHAR 31) Howard B Schwerdlin Engineering Manager, Lovejoy, Inc., Downers Grove, 111 (CHAR 16) Joseph E Shigley Professor Emeritus, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (CHAPS 9,23,24,27,28,36,38, Appendix) L E Torfason Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada (CHAR 2) Milton G WiIIe Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, (CHAR 35) John L Wright General Product Manager, Diamond Chain Company, Indianapolis, Ind (CHAR 15) John R Zimmerman Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Del (CHAR 8) FOREWORD Machines evolve Not biologically, of course, but they evolve nonetheless, from a fragment of an idea or dream to a fully functional mechanical marvel—at least in the eyes of the designer Machine design is one of the most rewarding activities to which a person can contribute; it is incredibly complex For some designers, their unique and magical designs, or machine elements, have become a legacy for future generations For most of us who are engineers, we will likely not leave a design legacy; but the joy in using what others have devised can be intoxicating One design project leads to another, and that project leads to yet another While this process can be hectic, sometimes at the mercy of a difficult schedule, in the end you are proud—proud of what you have done in meeting the design requirements, proud to have met the schedule, and proud of how you have used the seemingly endless variety of machine design elements available to you The purpose of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design has been, from its inception, to provide the mechanical designer, within in a single reference, the most comprehensive and up-to-date information about what is available and how to utilize it effectively and efficiently The original authors, Joseph E Shigley and Charles R Mischke, two of the most well-known and respected individuals in the mechanical engineering community, assembled experts in every field of machine design: mechanisms and linkages, cams, gear trains, springs, flywheels, clutches, brakes, gear designs of every type, belts, chains, couplings, design of shafts, all manner of roller bearings, journal bearings, lubrication selection, bolts and mechanical fasteners, welding, failure analysis, vibration, performance of engineering materials, wear, corrosion, and classical stress and deformation calculations This incredible wealth of information, which would otherwise have to be researched in dozens of books and hundreds of scientific and professional papers, was organized by these experts into distinct chapters, as many as 50 in the Second Edition Here in the Third Edition, the 39 chapters have been grouped into nine broad topic areas of related material Each chapter stands on its own and, for the veteran designer, provides direct access to a specific area of interest or need The Standard Handbook of Machine Design is a unique reference, capturing the breadth and depth of what we know and trust May what you discover and apply from these pages contribute to a successful design, one that will delight not only the designer but those who ultimately find value and long service in the machine that has evolved Thomas H Brown, Jr PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION This Third Edition of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design has been completely reorganized as compared to its two previous editions To bring into focus the needs of the machine design engineer, without the distractions of ancillary material, the number of chapters has been reduced from 50 in the Second Edition to 39 These 39 chapters have been carefully grouped into nine distinct sections, denoted as Parts through These chapter groupings were inspired primarily by a set of eight "Machine Design Workbooks," containing much of the material in the First Edition, and published between the First and Second Editions After a new introductory chapter, "Evolution of a Successful Design," the first of nine sections, Part 1, "Machine Elements in Motion," presents four chapters on the seemingly endless ways to achieve a desired motion Kinematics, or the geometry of motion, is probably the most important step in the design process, as it sets the stage for many of the other decisions that will be made as a successful design evolves Whether it's a self-locking latch you are looking for, a complex cam shape, or an entire gear assembly, the information you need is here in these chapters Part 2, "Machine Elements that Absorb and Store Energy," contains three chapters presenting the classic machine elements: springs, flywheels, clutches, and brakes Not all designs will have a need for these energy-related devices, but, when appropriate, no other device will the job Part 3, "Gearing," contains five chapters covering every possible gear type, from basic spur gears to complex hypoid bevel gears sets; the intricacies of worm gearing; and the very versatile and relatively modern power screw designs Part 4, "Power Transmission," contains four chapters directed at the requirements of transferring motion from one rotating axis to another, whether by time-honored belt or chain configurations, or the wide variety of couplings used to isolate and protect downstream machine elements This is also where the design of shafts, from both a static and dynamic viewpoint, is included Part 5, "Bearings and Lubrication," pulls together in one place the design of many types of roller bearings as well as the design aspects of the classic journal bearing Bearings could not their job without lubrication, and lubrication would be lost from most bearings without the proper seals Traditional and nontraditional designs are presented Part 6, "Fastening, Joining, and Connecting," covers every conceivable type of mechanical fastener When disassembly is not required, or when maximum strength is needed, then the only solution is a welded connection All aspects of a welded connection are presented Many connections must prevent leakage or provide cushioning, so a discussion of seals and their effect on a bolted connection is provided The mating of parts without prior preassembly can be an important design requirement; therefore, this is where a detailed discussion of fits and tolerances is included Part 7, "Load Capability Considerations," provides the designer with the rules for determining if a particular part will fail This determination does not have to be a precise calculation, either under static or dynamic conditions, whether the part is acting as a beam or column, but to ignore these fundamental principles is to invite disaster This section seemed like the best place to discuss vibration and, just as important, its control Part 8, "Performance of Engineering Materials," brings to bear the science of material behavior, to include the changes that take place during the manufacturing process Once in service, machine elements are subject to constant wear and the adverse effects of corrosion Lastly, Part 9, "Classical Stress and Deformation Analysis," provides the design engineer with the fundamental formulas for stress, deflection, and deformation, and includes special geometries such as curved elements and special loadings, which are found in cylinders under internal pressure when parts are press fitted One of the chapters included in the First and Second Editions, "Sections and Shapes—Tabular Data," has been provided in this Third Edition as an appendix It is hoped that this Third Edition provides a dependable source of relevant information on the topics needed for the successful evolution of your design Suggestions for improvement are welcome and will be appreciated Thomas H Brown, Jr PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION There is no lack of good textbooks dealing with the subject of machine design These books are directed primarily to the engineering student Because of this, they contain much theoretical material that is amenable to mathematical analysis Such topics are preferred by the instructor as well as the student because they appeal to the student's scientific, mathematical, and computer backgrounds; are well-defined topics with a beginning, a middle, and an end; and are easy to use in testing the student's knowledge acquisition The limited amount of time available for academic studies severely limits the number of topics that can be used as well as their treatment Since textbooks devoted to mechanical design inevitably reflect this bias, there is great need for a handbook that treats the universe of machine design—not just the readily teachable part The beginning designer quickly learns that there is a great deal more to successful design than is presented in textbooks or taught in technical schools or colleges This handbook connects formal education and the practice of design engineering by including the general knowledge required by every machine designer Much of the practicing designer's daily informational needs are satisfied by various pamphlets or brochures, such as those published by the various standards organizations Other sources include research papers, design magazines, and the various corporate publications concerned with specific products More often than not, however, a visit to the design library or to the file cabinet will reveal that a specific publication is on loan, lost, or out of date This handbook is intended to serve such needs quickly and immediately by giving the designer authoritative, up-to-date, understandable, and informative answers to the hundreds of such questions that arise every day in his or her work Mathematical and statistical formulas and tabulations are available in every design office and, for this reason, are not included in this handbook This handbook has been written for working designers, and its place is on the designer's desk—not on the bookshelf It contains a great many formulas, tables, charts, and graphs, many in condensed form These are intended to give quick answers to the many questions that seem constantly to arise The introduction of new materials, new processes, and new analytical tools and approaches changes the way we design machines Higher speeds, greater efficiencies, compactness, and safer, lighter-weight, and predictably reliable machines can result if designers keep themselves up to date on technological changes This book presents machine design as it is practiced today; it is intended to keep the user in touch with the latest aspects of design Computer-aided design methods and a host of other machine-computation capabilities of tremendous value to designers have multiplied in the last few years These have made large and lasting changes in the way we design This book has been planned and written to make it easy to take advantage of machine-computation facilities of whatever kind may be available Future developments in computer hardware and software will not render the content of this book obsolete This Handbook consists of the writings of 42 different contributors, all wellknown experts in their field We have tried to assemble and to organize the 47 chapters so as to form a unified approach to machine design instead of a collection of unrelated discourses This has been done by attempting to preserve the same level of mathematical sophistication throughout and by using the same notation wherever possible The ultimate responsibility for design decisions rests with the engineer in charge of the design project Only he or she can judge if the conditions surrounding the application are congruent with the conditions which formed the bases of the presentations in this Handbook, in references, or in any other literature source In view of the large number of considerations that enter into any design, it is impossible for the editors of this Handbook to assume any responsibility for the manner in which the material presented here is used in design We wish to thank all contributors, domestic and foreign, for their patience and understanding in permitting us to fine-tune their manuscripts and for meeting and tolerating our exacting demands We are also grateful to the many manufacturers who so generously provided us with advice, literature, and photographs Most of the artwork was competently prepared and supervised by Mr Gary Roys of Madrid, Iowa, to whom the editors are indebted Care has been exercised to avoid error The editors will appreciate being informed of errors discovered, so that they may be eliminated in subsequent printings Joseph E Shigley Charles R Mischke ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My enduring love and appreciation goes to my wife, Miriam, who has always encouraged me in my many endeavors throughout our marriage Whether it is the day to day support in our life together, or in my annual quest for perfection in the State Fair amateur wine competition (a Blue Ribbon in 2003), or the hope of someday having a trophy deer hanging in the den, she has been steadfast in her strength and devotion During the many months of my preoccupation with completing this project, she has been so wonderful and understanding I am grateful for the love of my three children, Sianna, Hunter, and Elliott, who have been so very patient through the many weekends without their Dad, and who are a continual joy to me To my dear friend, Dr Carl Zorowski, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at NC State University, without whose weekly guidance over lunch for more than a decade, my insights in mechanical engineering and the machine design process would be sorely lacking And to my new friends, and editors, Ken McCombs and Carol Levine, who have inspired me to produce the best I can produce, and in the process given me great honor to be a part of the McGraw-Hill family Thomas H Brown, Jr I.45 Index terms Set screws Set, in springs Links 23.19 6.21 Several degree-of-freedom systems: multi-degree-of-freedom systems: continuous Rayleigh method 31.26 31.26 geared 31.25 Holzer numerical method for 31.23 two degree-of-freedom systems 31.19 forced vibration 31.20 free vibration 31.19 Shaft diameter in general shaft loading Shaft terminology 29.32 17.2 Shafts: critical speeds 17.17 distortion due to: bending 17.3 torsion 17.13 transverse shear hollow 17.8 17.19 introduction 17.2 load-induced stresses 17.14 materials 17.13 strength 17.15 Shape factor for isotropic flywheels (table) 7.21 Shear deflection of shafts, tabular method 17.8 (table) 17.5 Shear flow 36.16 Shear strain 36.7 Shear stress, definition 36.6 17.10 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.46 Index terms Links Shift basis for fits 27.2 Shoulder screws 23.15 Silent chain: dimensions 15.25 nomenclature 15.25 nonstandard 15.4 numbering 15.26 selection 15.28 sprockets for 15.4 standard 15.4 tooth form Simple eccentric cam motions Simpson’s rule integration in ring deformation 15.27 15.27 4.15 38.19 Simulation in statistical tolerancing: confidence interval on probability of interference 27.18 error in simulation 27.18 Single degree-of-freedom systems: critically damped force transmissibility forced vibration foundation-excited 31.5 31.10 31.8 31.11 free vibration 31.1 overdamped 31.5 resonance, bandwidth, and Q-factor 31.16 rotating balance 31.11 Runga-Kutta numerical method in 31.17 torsional systems 31.7 forced 31.17 undamped 31.2 underdamped 31.3 (See also Vibration) This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.47 Index terms Links Six rules of Datsko 33.4 6R robot mechanism 2.29 Size factors 29.11 Sizes: of fillet welds 26.32 of metal grains 32.20 Slenderness ratio 30.11 Slider-: connector mechanisms 2.20 crank mechanisms 2.15 Sliding speed in wear 34.9 Slotted-head cap screws 23.19 23.22 SN diagram: random loading 29.8 sinusoidal loading 29.8 Snap-action mechanisms 2.4 Smith-Dolan fatigue locus 29.19 Socket-head cap screws 23.13 Sockets and keys 23.11 Solids, structure of 32.3 amorphous 32.6 molecular 32.7 Sommerfeld: conditions 19.16 number 19.17 Speed-changing mechanisms Speed-dependent torque in flywheels (example) Speed fluctuation, coefficient of (table) 20.3 2.28 7.9 7.12 7.3 7.4 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.48 Index terms Speeds, permissible, in rolling-contact bearings Spheric pair Links 18.8 2.3 Springs: Belleville spring washer 6.40 constant-force 6.58 flat 6.55 glossary 6.4 helical compression 6.12 helical extension 6.29 helical torsion 6.36 hot-wound 6.66 materials 6.6 power 6.63 special spring washers 6.51 torsion bar 6.62 Spring clips 2.4 Spur gear: modules (table) 9.6 pitches (table) 9.6 tooth systems (table) 9.6 Spur gears: definitions 9.3 force analysis 9.7 fundamental AGMA rating formulas 9.7 tooth dimensions and standards 9.6 Square threads in power screws Stacking of tolerances 13.3 27.14 Standard diameter-pitch combinations for metric (M) screw threads: (table) 23.3 Standard fits 27.10 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.49 Index terms Links Standard series of screw threads, constant-pitch 23.1 Static failure theory 28.3 Statistical tolerances 27.16 Stiffness 37.2 scale 37.2 spring rate, tensile or torsional 37.2 Stop mechanisms 2.21 Strain(s): engineering 32.29 fracture 32.37 logarithmic 32.31 natural 32.31 nominal 32.29 plastic 36.12 principal relations between 36.8 32.38 shear 36.7 true 32.31 Strain energy (table) Strain-strengthening exponent for materials of interest (tables) Strength 36.12 36.12 38.8 32.33 32.49 32.50 32.52 32.3 32.20 32.28 breaking 32.36 creep 32.45 estimation 36.8 33.2 fracture 32.33 impact 32.44 proof 32.36 tensile 32.36 ultimate 32.36 yield 32.36 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.50 Index terms Links Strength and safety in flywheels: materials 7.21 safety 7.24 Strength at critical locations: cold-formed eyebolt example 29.22 cold-formed flat spring example 29.23 Strength coefficient 32.33 Strength in shafts 17.15 Stress 32.28 Stress: contact 36.19 definition and notation 36.3 due to temperature 36.16 flexure 36.12 stress-strain relation Stress-concentration (charts) 36.6 28.5 28.10 factor 28.9 Stress concentration and notch sensitivity 29.14 Hey wood equation 29.14 Hey wood parameters 29.16 low-cycle notch sensitivity 29.16 modified Neuber equation 29.14 Stress-concentration factor of Wahl 28.19 Stress-intensity charts 28.19 Stress-intensity factor 28.17 Stress risers 28.9 Stress, in cylindrical shells 39.7 analysis 39.4 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.51 Index terms Links Stress, in flywheels: disk of constant thickness (example) rim type, no bending (example) rim type, with bending (example) thin disk Stress, octahedral shear 7.18 7.19 7.13 7.15 7.15 7.16 7.17 28.5 Stresses: in fasteners in plates 22.7 22.10 22.10 Stress-strain: engineering 32.30 true 32.31 Stress-strain relations plastic strains principal strains 36.6 36.12 36.8 Stress variation patterns, complicated: characterization 29.20 Stresses in power screws: bearing 13.9 normal 13.9 shear 13.9 von Mises 13.9 Stresses, interference fits 27.9 (example) 27.11 Stribeck curve 20.3 Structure: atomic 32.6 body-centered cubic (BCC) 32.12 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.52 Index terms Links Structure: (Continued) face-centered cubic (FCC) of solids 32.12 32.3 Structural shapes (tables) A.14 Stub Acme thread in power screws 13.4 Surface endurance strength of Buckingham: load-stress factor 29.33 load-stress factor used in gear studies 29.33 Surface stress, line contact: approach of roller centers 29.33 half-width of contact zone 29.32 orthogonal normal stresses 29.32 Swift-Stieber conditions Sylvester skew pantograph Synchronous-belt drive 19.16 2.25 14.27 T Tabular method of bending deflection in shafts (table) 17.5 17.5 Tabular method of combined deflection in shafts (table) 17.7 17.11 17.12 Tabular method of shear deflection in shafts (table) 17.8 17.8 Tangent modulus 30.8 Taper pins 24.8 dimensions of 24.10 Tapping screws 23.35 Tearout stress 22.11 17.10 Temperature: transition 32.45 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.53 Index terms Links Temperature: (Continued) nil-ductility 32.45 Temperature stresses 36.17 Tempered hardness 33.10 Tempering decrement 33.10 Tempering factor 33.10 Tempering temperature-time tradeoff equation 33.29 Tensile properties 32.34 32.49 Tensile strength: relation to Brinell hardness 32.42 relation to coldwork 32.40 Tensile test 28.2 Tensile stress, definition 36.6 32.27 Tension-loaded joints: achieving desired preload 22.29 fastener stiffness 22.18 gasket-jointed stiffness 22.20 lower limit of clamping force 22.23 preloading 22.18 target preload 22.20 upper limit in tension 22.12 Terminology of bevel and hypoid gears 11.2 Test, tensile 28.2 22.28 22.24 32.27 Testing, fatigue: constant-stress level method 29.5 probit method 29.5 Prot method 29.5 sparse survey method 29.4 up-down method 29.6 Testing wear 34.12 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.54 Index terms Links Theory: distortion energy 28.5 Henky-von Mises 28.5 von Mises 28.5 Theories of failure: Coulomb-Mohr 28.8 distortion energy 28.5 internal friction 28.8 maximum normal stress 28.8 modified Mohr 28.8 octahedral shear 28.5 von Mises 28.6 Thermal stress 36.16 Thesaurus of Mechanisms 2.3 Thread profile, unified (UN), and metric (M) series 23.2 Threads, pipe 23.5 basic dimensions (table) 23.5 Thermoplastic 32.8 Thermo-setting plastic 32.9 Thick-film lubrication 19.4 Thick-shell theory 39.12 Thin-film lubrication 19.4 Thin-shell theory 39.7 Thrust and radial loadings in rolling-contact bearings 18.14 Toggle mechanism 2.6 Toggle press 2.8 Tolerance 36.18 2.15 27.2 Tolerances: absolute 27.13 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.55 Index terms Links Tolerances: (Continued) statistical 27.16 on gap 27.17 the stacking of 27.14 Torque, actuating, in power screws 13.6 Torque analysis of cams 4.22 Torque: running, of power screws 13.7 starting, of power screws 13.7 Torque-angle curve, flywheels 7.4 engine example 7.6 integration of 7.5 punch-press example 7.4 Torsion-bar springs 6.62 Torsion springs 6.36 Torsional stresses and angular deflection of sections (table) 36.9 Torsional shear modulus 36.8 Tradeoff equation, tempering temperature-time Train value 33.29 5.8 Transition temperature 32.45 Transport mechanisms 2.22 Transverse shear 36.16 Trapezoidal rule integration 7.11 Travel of a power screw 13.3 Triaxial: principal strains 36.8 principal stresses 36.8 Triaxial Stress principal stress cubic equation 36.5 36.6 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.56 Index terms True stress conversion equations Links 36.12 36.12 Tubing, structural A.15 Two-parameter Weibull 18.13 U U-seals 21.13 Ultimate tensile strength 32.36 UN (Unified-series) profile thread 23.1 Uncertainty in machine design 28.5 Uniform distribution in tolerances 27.17 Unilateral hole-basis fits 27.9 Unloading mechanisms 2.23 UNR profile thread 23.1 Unthreaded fasteners 24.1 Up-down testing method 29.6 U S Customary System (USCS) 6.24 U S Standards of fit, inch units 27.19 (table), standard fits 27.10 V V engine 2.15 van der Waal bonds 32.6 Variable loading in rolling-contact bearings 18.15 continuously varying 18.15 step wise varying 18.15 Variable-pitch spring (figure) 6.26 Variable-pitch V belt 2.28 Variable-stroke engine 2.16 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.57 Index terms Links V-belt drive 14.21 V-belt shapes (figure) 14.26 Vibration: isolation single degree-of-freedom systems systems with several degrees-of-freedom 31.28 31.1 31.19 Vibration isolation: active isolation 31.28 passive isolation 31.29 transmissibility 31.28 Vickers hardness 32.26 Viscosity: absolute 20.6 dynamic 20.6 Engler 20.9 index 20.7 index improvers 20.8 kinematic 20.6 Redwood 20.9 Saybolt 20.9 von Mises stress in power screws V-ring packings 29.27 13.9 21.13 W W shapes A.23 Wahl stress-concentration factor 6.19 Washers: types 24.26 Watt linkage 2.25 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.58 Index terms Wear equation linear Links 34.6 34.13 Wear failure, modes of Wear life 34.11 34.1 Weibull parameters in rolling-contact bearing life Weight, atomic Weld metal, allowables for 18.10 32.4 26.42 Welding (see Arc welding) Welding codes 26.39 Welding current limitations 26.5 Whitworth quick-return mechanism 2.16 Wire, spring: rectangular round 6.24 6.7 strength of Woodruff key, dimensions 6.11 24.25 Work, cold (see Cold work) Work hardening (see Strain strengthening) Worksheet, heat-treated steels 33.30 Worksheet: absolute tolerance 27.16 for heat treated steels 33.30 Worm gearing: design standards 12.13 double-enveloping gearsets 12.18 force analysis heat dissipation 12.5 12.12 kinematics 12.3 velocity and friction 12.5 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation I.59 Index terms Links Y Yield strength relations to coldwork 32.36 32.39 32.39 33.3 tabulations (see Tensile properties) Young’s modulus 32.35 Z Zerol gears 11.1 Zoller mechanism 2.15 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation [...]... Design He was Coeditor-in-Chief of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design setting the model for such textbooks Charles R Mischke, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa He has authored many technical papers on designing to a reliability specification, computer-aided design, and design morphology His was Coeditor-in-Chief, with XE Shigley, of the Standard. .. those of others, the design will evolve Recognizing that the evolutionary design process is decidedly complex, with a seemingly random sequence of steps, the primary purpose of Standard Handbook of Machine Design is to make the information you need as readily accessible and usable as possible As an example of how a design can evolve, and to provide perspective on how the information in this Handbook. .. Third Edition of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design has been organized differently as compared to the two previous editions In addition to grouping the chapters into nine sections, almost a dozen of the 50 chapters in the Second Edition, which contained a variety of information ancillary to the machine design process, have been removed Therefore, the scope of this edition of the Handbook is focused... University of Michigan He was Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, Fellow in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and received the Worcester Reed Warner medal in 1977 and their Machine Design Award in 1985 He was the author of eight books, including Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (with John J Uicker, Jr.), and Applied Mechanics of Materials Shigley began Machine Design as sole... EVOLUTION OF A DESIGN / 1.1 USING THE HANDBOOK / 1.2 SOME OPPORTUNITIES TO DISCOVER / 1.3 FINAL THOUGHTS / 1.8 7.7 EVOLUTIONOFADESIGN Most likely you have, right at this moment, at least one machine design project in progress Maybe you were the originator of the design, but I suspect you inherited this design from others I further suspect that you have already identified elements of the design you... with machine design for 20 years, and Joseph Shigley has been a household word in mechanical engineering for over 40 years We hope the wealth of information contained in this Third Edition of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design, and the way in which it is presented, will provide the necessary resources for your design projects P • A • R • T • 1 MACHINE ELEMENTS IN MOTION CHAPTER 2 A THESAURUS OF. .. First Edition of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design, which Joseph Shigley coauthored with Charles Mischke Now in its Third Edition, this Handbook includes the information machine design engineers have come to trust We hope you will find this information invaluable as you constantly strive to improve your designs, whether by your own initiatives, or for other reasons 7.2 USINGTHEHANDBOOK Once the... systems, it seems as though every aspect of these systems had me searching the Standard Handbook of Machine Design for important information Chapter 13, "Power Screws," was another of those chapters I became very familiar with, since the primary positioning of the antenna dish on the satellite was accomplished by heavy duty power screws driven by dc motors This Handbook is where I obtained the information... asked one of the older engineers for some direction He suggested I use a worm drive since it cannot be back driven, and loaned me his copy of Joseph Shigley's book, Mechanical Engineering Design He said that Shigley's book (a precursor to this Handbook) had been his primary source of information about worm drives, and a wealth of other machine design information As it turned out, the resulting design. .. the forced vibration of damped single-degree -of- freedom systems to multi-degree -of- freedom systems Torsional vibration and vibration isolation are presented Part 8: Performance of Engineering Materials This section contains four chapters focused on the decisions associated with the selection of materials for the critical parts in a design Chapter 32 is a summary of the science of material behavior, ... Mechanical Engineering Design He was Coeditor-in-Chief of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design setting the model for such textbooks Charles R Mischke, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering,... technical papers on designing to a reliability specification, computer-aided design, and design morphology His was Coeditor-in-Chief, with XE Shigley, of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design, Second... First Edition of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design, which Joseph Shigley coauthored with Charles Mischke Now in its Third Edition, this Handbook includes the information machine design engineers