Test GMAT 14

Test GMAT 14.

THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR THE SOLE USE OF THE PURCHASER ANY REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 14 REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS ABOUT THIS EDITION OF THE GMAT® This booklet contains the questions that were used to derive scores on the edition of the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT®) with test code 14 If the first two digits of the test code on your answer sheet (item on Side 1) are not 14, please contact ETS to send you the correct booklet to match your answer sheet The answer key follows the test questions This booklet also contains instructions for calculating raw scores corrected for guessing These are followed by unique tables for converting raw scores to the reported scaled scores for test code 14 In this edition of the GMAT, the following essay and multiple-choice sections contributed to your scores: Analytical Writing Assessment Essay Analysis of an Issue Essay Analysis of an Argument Verbal Assessment Section Critical Reasoning Section Reading Comprehension Section Sentence Correction Quantitative Assessment Section Data Sufficiency Section Problem Solving Section Problem Solving GMAT Total All six verbal and quantitative sections combined as one score Section in this edition of the GMAT contained trial or equating questions and does not contribute to your score Questions from this section are not included in this booklet REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS Analytical Writing ANALYSIS OF AN ISSUE Time—30 minutes Directions: In this section, you will need to analyze the issue presented below and explain your views on it The question has no “correct” answer Instead, you should consider various perspectives as you develop your own position on the issue Read the statement and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response Begin writing your response on the separate answer sheet Make sure that you use the answer sheet that goes with this writing task In matching job candidates with job openings, managers must consider not only such variables as previous work experience and educational background but also personality traits and work habits, which are more difficult to judge What you consider essential in an employee or colleague? Explain, using reasons and/or examples from your work or worklike experiences, or from your observations of others NOTES Use the space below or on the facing page to plan your response Any writing on these pages will not be evaluated STOP IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS Analytical Writing ANALYSIS OF AN ARGUMENT Time—30 minutes Directions: In this Section you will he asked to write a critique of the argument presented below You may, for example, consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking, what alternative explanations or counter-examples might weaken the conclusion, or what sort of evidence could help strengthen or refute the argument Read the argument and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response Begin writing your response on the separate answer sheet Make sure that you use the answer sheet that goes with this writing task The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter: “The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.” Discuss how logically convincing you find this argument In explaining your point of view, be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument Also discuss what, if anything, would make the argument more sound and persuasive, or would help you to better evaluate its conclusion NOTES Use the space below or on the facing page to plan your response Any writing on these pages will not he evaluated STOP IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS ANSWER SHEET – Test Code 14 Section Section Section Section Section Section 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS SECTION Time—25 minutes 16 Questions Directions: For each question in this section, select the best of the answer choices given When three Everett-owned Lightning-built airplanes crashed in the same month, the Everett company ordered three new Lightning-built airplanes as replacements This decision surprised many in the airline industry because, ordinarily when a product is involved in accidents, users become reluctant to buy that product Which of the following, if true, provides the best indication that the Everett company's decision was logically well supported? (A) Although during the previous year only one Lightning-built airplane crashed, competing manufacturers had a perfect safety record (B) The Lightning-built airplanes crashed due to pilot error, but because of the excellent quality of the planes there were many survivors (C) The Federal Aviation Association issued new guidelines for airlines in order to standardize safety requirements governing preflight inspections (D) Consumer advocates pressured two major airlines into purchasing safer airplanes so that the public would be safer while flying (E) Many Lightning Airplane Company employees had to be replaced because they found jobs with the competition Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers Robot satellites relay important communications and identify weather patterns Because the satellites can be repaired only in orbit, astronauts are needed to repair them Without repairs, the satellites would eventually malfunction Therefore, space flights carrying astronauts must continue Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above? (A) Satellites falling from orbit because of malfunctions burn up in the atmosphere (B) Although satellites are indispensable in the identification of weather patterns, weather forecasters also make some use of computer projections to identify weather patterns (C) The government, responding to public pressure, has decided to cut the budget for space flights and put more money into social welfare programs (D) Repair of satellites requires heavy equipment, which adds to the amount of fuel needed to lift a spaceship carrying astronauts into orbit (E) Technical obsolescence of robot satellites makes repairing them more costly and less practical than sending new, improved satellites into orbit GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE This use of his court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true? (A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees (B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation (C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack (D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great (E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS Advocates of a large-scale space-defense research project conclude that it will represent a net benefit to civilian business They say that since governmentsponsored research will have civilian applications, civilian businesses will reap the rewards of government-developed technology Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above? Each of the following, if true, raises a consideration arguing against the conclusion above, EXCEPT: (A) The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment (A) The development of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques is of the highest priority for civilian business and would be neglected if resources go to military projects, which not emphasis cost efficiency (B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent (B) Scientific and engineering talent needed by civilian business will be absorbed by the largescale project (C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines (C) Many civilian businesses will receive subcontracts to provide materials and products needed by the research project (D) After a small midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent (D) If government research money is devoted to the space project, it will not be available for specifically targeted needs of civilian business, where it could be more efficiently used (E) The increase in taxes or government debt needed to finance the project will severely reduce the vitality of the civilian economy In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic, and thus reduce nonbiodegradable waste, the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable, paper goods are environmentally preferable Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council's environmental goals? (A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available, members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment (B) The paper factory at which most of the townspeople are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods (C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods, the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years (D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances, they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale (E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent To combat this problem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines (E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who not exercise Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? (A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise (B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program (C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work (D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who not exercise (E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who not exercise GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS Many people argue that tobacco advertising plays a crucial role in causing teen-agers to start or continue smoking In Norway, however, where there has been a ban on tobacco advertising since 1975, smoking is at least as prevalent among teen-agers as it is in countries that not ban such advertising 10 Which of the following can properly be inferred regarding the past three years from the statement above? Which of the following statements draws the most reliable conclusion from the information above? (A) Tobacco advertising cannot be the only factor that affects the prevalence of smoking among teenagers (A) Total dollar sales for each of the company's divisions have remained roughly constant (B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemicals division (B) Advertising does not play a role in causing teenagers to start or continue smoking (C) Banning tobacco advertising does not reduce the consumption of tobacco (C) The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division (D) More teen-agers smoke if they are not exposed to tobacco advertising than if they are (D) The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained unchanged (E) Most teen-agers who smoked in 1975 did not stop when the ban on tobacco advertising was implemented Laws requiring the use of headlights during daylight hours can prevent automobile collisions However, since daylight visibility is worse in countries farther from the equator, any such laws would obviously be more effective in preventing collisions in those countries In fact, the only countries that actually have such laws are farther from the equator than is the continental United States Which of the following conclusions could be most properly drawn from the information given above? (A) Drivers in the continental United States who used their headlights during the day would be just as likely to become involved in a collision as would drivers who did not use their headlights (B) In many countries that are farther from the equator than is the continental United States, poor daylight visibility is the single most important factor in automobile collisions (C) The proportion of automobile collisions that occur in the daytime is greater in the continental United States than in the countries that have daytime headlight laws (D) Fewer automobile collisions probably occur each year in countries that have daytime headlight laws than occur within the continental United States A company's two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years: in each of those years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance (E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales than of those of the pharmaceuticals division 11 According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression? (A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria (B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed (C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol (D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry (E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes (E) Daytime headlight laws would probably less to prevent automobile collisions in the continental United States than they in the countries that have the laws GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS Questions 12-13 are based on the following According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit 12 Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls? (A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised (B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines 13 Which of the following, if true, would provide the authority with the strongest counter to the objection that its plan is unfair? (A) Even with the proposed toll increase, the average bridge toll in the tristate region would remain less than the tolls charged in neighboring states (B) Any attempt to finance the improvements by raising rail fares would result in a decrease in ridership and so would be self-defeating (C) Automobile commuters benefit from wellmaintained bridges, and in the tristate region bridge maintenance is funded out of general income tax revenues to which both automobile and rail commuters contribute (D) The roads along the route served by the rail line are highly congested and drivers benefit when commuters are diverted from congested roadways to mass transit (E) The only alternative way of funding the proposed improvements now being considered is through a regional income tax surcharge, which would affect automobile commuters and rail commuters alike (C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase (D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 14 Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period when the product is advertised to consumers Such promotions often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers Nevertheless, the manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim above about the manufacturers' profit? (A) The amount of discount generally offered by manufacturers to retailers is carefully calculated to represent the minimum needed to draw consumers' attention to the product (B) For many consumer products the period of advertising discounted prices to consumers is about a week, not sufficiently long for consumers to become used to the sale price (C) For products that are not newly introduced, the purpose of such promotions is to keep the products in the minds of consumers and to attract consumers who are currently using competing products (D) During such a promotion retailers tend to accumulate in their warehouses inventory bought at discount; they then sell much of it later at their regular price 15 When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true? (A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes (B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year (C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion (D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time (E) Taxpayers not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes (E) If a manufacturer falls to offer such promotions but its competitor offers them, that competitor will tend to attract consumers away from the manufacturer's product GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 10 SECTION Time—25 minutes 22 Questions Directions: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the entire sentence is underlined Beneath each sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different If you think the original is the best of these answer choices, choose answer A; otherwise, choose one of the others Select the best version and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet This is a test of correctness and effectiveness of expression In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about proper medical procedures (A) if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify (B) unless there will be another doctor to testify (C) without another doctor's testimony (D) should there be no testimony from some other doctor (E ) lacking another doctor to testify Samuel Sewall viewed marriage, as other seventeenth-century colonists, like a property arrangement rather than an emotional bond based on romantic love Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required either to approve individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce their own plan for states without adequate regulations (A) that they enforce their (B) for enforcing their (C) they should enforce their (D) it should enforce its (E) to enforce its (A) Samuel Sewall viewed marriage, as other seventeenth-century colonists, like a property arrangement rather than (B) As did other seventeenth-century colonists, Samuel Sewall viewed marriage to be a property arrangement rather than viewing it as GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (C) Samuel Sewall viewed marriage to be a property arrangement, like other seventeenth-century colonists, rather than viewing it as (D) Marriage to Samuel Sewall, like other seventeenth-century colonists, was viewed as a property arrangement rather than (E) Samuel Sewall, like other seventeenth-century colonists, viewed marriage as a property arrangement rather than REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 24 Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did outside the pinelands (A) so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did (B) so fast, and in some parts even faster than, those (A) it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it (C) as fast, and in some parts even faster than, those (D) as fast as, and in some parts even faster than, those (B) it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it (E) as fast as, and in some parts even faster than what they did (C) kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it In the mid-l 960's a newly installed radar warning system mistook the rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets (D) kill vast numbers of humans who have no natural defenses against them (E) kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them (A) rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets (B) rising of the moon for a massive Soviet missile attack (C) moon rising to a massive missile attack by the Soviets (D) moon as it was rising for a massive Soviet missile attack (E) rise of the moon as a massive Soviet missile attack If Dr Wade was right, any apparent connection of the eating of highly processed foods and excelling at sports is purely coincidental (A) If Dr Wade was right, any apparent connection of the eating of (B) Should Dr Wade be right, any apparent connection of eating When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore C Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed (A) A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that (B) So secret was a recording system installation and operation in the Kennedy Oval Office (C) It was so secret that a recording system was installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office (D) A recording system that was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office (E) Installed and operated so secretly in the Kennedy Oval Office was a recording system that (C) If Dr Wade is right, any connection that is apparent between eating of (D) If Dr Wade is right, any apparent connection between eating (E) Should Dr Wade have been right, any connection apparent between eating GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 25 In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property 11 (A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads (A) setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered (B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads (B) setting free more than the 500 slaves legally considered as (C) maintaining dirt roads cost twice as much as paved roads (C) and set free more than 500 slaves, who were legally considered as (D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (D) and set free more than 500 slaves who were legally considered (E) and he set free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered as 10 Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads (E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are suspicious of strangers 12 A number of linguists contend that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people can be traced back to a common root language (A) the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are (A) that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people can be traced (B) local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are (B) that the world’s five billion people speak thousands of languages of which all can be traced (C) that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and (C) the world’s five billion people speak thousands of languages which are all traceable (D) local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are (D) all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people to be traceable (E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are (E) the ability to trace all of the thousands of languages that are spoken by the world’s five billion people GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 26 13 With only percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans (A) With (B) As (C) Being (D) Despite having (E) Although accounting for 14 While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose equity —in many cases representing a life's savings—can plunge or even disappear (A) they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose (B) they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their 15 While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people's attitudes toward pirating, others by suggesting reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally (A) by suggesting reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling (B) by suggesting the reduction of software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others call (C) suggest the reduction of software prices for decreasing the incentive for pirating, and still others call (D) suggest the reduction of software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling (E) suggest reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others are calling (C) for homeowners they are potentially devastating, because their (D) for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their (E) it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 27 16 A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than one wolf for every 39 square miles (A) would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than (B) would fail provided the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more than (C) should fail if the timber wolf density in that region was greater than (D) will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than (E) will fail if the timber wolf density in that region were more numerous than 17 Concerned at the increase in accident fatalities, Tennessee adopted a child-passenger protection law requiring the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat 18 Found throughout Central and South America, sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day, moving infrequently enough that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes (A) sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day, moving infrequently enough (B) sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs, they sleep fifteen hours a day, and with such infrequent movements (C) sloths use their long rubbery limbs to hang from trees, sleep fifteen hours a day, and move so infrequently (D) the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeping fifteen hours a day and moving so infrequently (E) the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeps fifteen hours a day, and it moves infrequently enough (A) the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat (B) the restraint of parents of children under four years of age in a child safety seat (C) that parents restrain children under four years of age in a child safety seat GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (D) that children be restrained under four years of age in a child safety seat by their parents (E) children to be restrained under four years of age by their parents in a child safety seat REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 28 19 21 The commission proposed that funding for the park’s development, which could be open to the public early next year, is obtained through a local bond issue (A) that funding for the park’s development, which could be open to the public early next year, is (A) not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on (B) that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be (C) funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be (B) tied to the prime are the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses, but also on (D) funds for the park’s development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be (C) the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime, but also (E) development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be 20 (D) not only the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime, but also on At Shiprock, New Mexico, a perennially powerful girls’ high school basketball team has become a path to college for some and a source of pride for a community where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are below the poverty level (A) where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are The prime lending rate is a key rate in the economy: not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on a growing number of consumer loans, including home equity loans (E) the interest rates are tied to the prime, not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses, but also 22 (B) where they have 49 percent of the household incomes (C) where 49 percent of the household incomes are Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes and so were probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species (D) which has 49 percent of the household incomes (A) Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes (E) in which 49 percent of them have household incomes (B) Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s (C) The vocal tracts of Neanderthals resembled an ape’s (D) The Neanderthal’s vocal tracts resembled the apes’ (E) The vocal tracts of the Neanderthals resembled those of the apes STOP IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 29 SECTION Time—25 Minutes 16 Questions Directions: In this section solve each problem, using any available space on the page for scratchwork Then indicate the best of the answer choices given Numbers: All numbers used are real numbers Figures: Figures that accompany problems in this section are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that its figure is not drawn to scale All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated If a printer can print pages of text per second, then, at this rate, approximately how many minutes will it take to print 5,000 pages of text? (A) (B) 25 (C) 42 (D) 250 (E) 417 Envelopes can be purchased for $1.50 per pack of 100, $1.00 per pack of 50, or $0.03 each What is the greatest number of envelopes that can be purchased for $7.30? (A) 426 (B) 430 (C) 443 (D) 460 (E) 486 O 16 + 16 = (A) (B) (C) 16 (D) (E) 16 In the circular region with center O, shown above, the and of the area two unshaded sections comprise of the circular region The shaded section comprises what fractional part of the area of the circular region? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) An automobile’s gasoline mileage varies, depending on the speed of the automobile, between 18.0 and 22.4 miles per gallon, inclusive What is the maximum distance, in miles, that the automobile could be driven on 15 gallons of gasoline? (A) 336 (B) 320 (C) 303 (D) 284 (E) 270 21 21 16 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 21 REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 30 (0.3) (0.3) (A) (B) (C) (D (E) = 10 What is the ratio of (A) 0.001 0.01 0.09 0.9 1.0 (B) 4 (C) In a horticultural experiment, 200 seeds were planted in plot I and 300 were planted in plot II If 57 percent of the seeds in plot I germinated and 42 percent of the seeds in plot II germinated, what percent of the total number of planted seeds germinated? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (E) 11 (A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 15 (D) 17 (E) 19 The cost to rent a small bus for a trip is x dollars, which is to be shared equally among the people taking the trip If 10 people take the trip rather than 16, how many more dollars, in terms of x, will it cost per person? (A) (B) (C) 45% 56% 64% 75% 80% An optometrist charges $150 per pair for soft contact lenses and $85 per pair for hard contact lenses Last week she sold more pairs of soft lenses than hard lenses If her total sales for pairs of contact lenses last week were $1,690, what was the total number of pairs of contact lenses that she sold? 9 (D) The organizers of a fair projected a 25 percent increase in attendance this year over that of last year, but attendance this year actually decreased by 20 percent What percent of the projected attendance was the actual attendance? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 45.5% 46.5% 48.0% 49.5% 51.0% 3 to the product 4  ? 4 (D) (E) 12 x x 10 x 16 3x 40 3x 80 If x is an integer and y = 3x + 2, which of the following CANNOT be a divisor of y ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 31 13 The size of a television screen is given as the length of the screen’s diagonal If the screens were flat, then the area of a square 21-inch screen would be how many square inches greater than the area of a square 19-inch screen? (A) (B) I II III 11 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (C) 16 (D) 38 (E) 40 14 15 If and are the lengths of two sides of a triangular region, which of the following can be the length of the third side? If the average (arithmetic mean) of x and y is 60 and the average (arithmetic mean) of y and z is 80, what is the value of z – x ? ΙI only ΙII only I and ΙI only II and ΙII only I, ΙΙ, and ΙΙΙ 16 One night a certain motel rented of its rooms, (A) 70 (B) 40 (C) 20 (D) 10 (E) It cannot be determined from the information given of its air-conditioned rooms If of its rooms were air-conditioned, what percent of the rooms that were not rented were air-conditioned? including (A) 20% (B) 33 % (C) 35% (D) 40% (E) 80% STOP IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 32 ANSWER KEY – Test Code 14 Section Section Section Section Section Section B E C B C C B C E A E D E B A C E D C D D B D A D A C D B A A C A C D C B B D C C C A E B E A C E D C C A B 10 C 10 E 10 D 10 D 10 C 10 A 11 E 11 D 11 A 11 E 11 B 11.E 12 D 12 B 12 A 12 C 12 A 12 C 13 D 13 D 13 D 13 E 13 E 13 E 14 D 14 C 14 C 14 B 14 A 14 B 15 C 15.C 15 E 15 E 15 E 15 A 16 C 16 D 16 B 16 B 16 D 16 E 17 A 17 C 17 C 18 E 18 D 18 D 19 A 19.C 19.B 20 B 20.B 20 C 21 B 21 B 22 B 22 B 23 E REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 33 CONVERSION TABLE FOR VERBAL AND QUANTITATIVE SCORES Graduate Management Admission Test, Code 14 Scaled Score Scaled Score Scaled Score Corrected Corrected Corrected Verbal Quantitative Raw Verbal Quantitative Raw Verbal Quantitative Raw Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score 61 51 36 32 39 11 15 20 60 50 35 32 38 10 14 20 59 50 34 31 37 13 19 58 49 33 30 37 12 18 57 48 32 30 36 12 17 56 48 31 29 35 11 17 55 47 30 28 34 10 16 54 46 29 27 34 10 15 53 45 28 27 33 15 52 44 51 27 26 32 14 51 43 50 26 25 31 13 50 42 50 25 25 31 12 49 42 49 24 24 30 48 41 48 23 23 29 47 40 47 22 22 28 46 40 46 21 22 28 45 39 45 20 21 27 44 38 45 19 20 26 43 37 44 18 20 26 42 37 43 17 19 25 41 36 42 16 18 24 40 35 42 15 17 23 39 35 41 14 17 23 38 34 40 13 16 22 37 33 40 12 15 21 CONVERSION TABLE FOR TOTAL SCORES REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 34 Graduate Management Admission Test, Code 14 Corrected Raw Score Total Scaled Score Corrected Raw Score Total Scaled Score Corrected Raw Score Total Scaled Score Corrected Raw Score Total Scaled Score 113 800 83 640 53 490 23 340 112 790 82 640 52 490 22 330 111 790 81 630 51 480 21 330 110 780 80 630 50 480 20 320 109 780 79 620 49 470 19 320 108 770 78 620 48 470 18 310 107 770 77 610 47 460 17 310 106 760 76 610 46 460 16 300 105 760 75 600 45 450 15 300 104 750 74 600 44 450 14 290 103 750 73 590 43 440 13 290 102 740 72 590 42 440 12 280 101 740 71 580 41 430 11 280 100 730 70 580 40 430 10 270 99 730 69 570 39 420 270 98 720 68 570 38 420 260 97 720 67 560 37 410 260 96 710 66 560 36 410 250 95 710 65 550 35 400 250 94 700 64 550 34 400 240 93 700 63 540 33 390 240 92 690 62 540 32 380 230 91 690 61 530 31 380 220 90 680 60 530 30 370 210 89 670 59 520 29 370 88 670 58 520 28 360 87 660 57 510 27 360 86 660 56 510 26 350 85 650 55 500 25 350 84 650 54 500 24 340 REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 35 SCORING INFORMATION Calculating and Verifying Your Multiple-Choice Scores Proceed with the following steps As you match the responses on your answer sheet with the answer key on page 33, use marks to indicate whether each answer is correct or incorrect Cross out any questions you omitted, or for which you marked more than one answer, because they are not counted in the scoring The number of questions crossed out should equal the “raw score total omit” figure on your score report The number of questions crossed out in the three sections that contributed to your verbal score and the similar number for the three sections that contributed to the quantitative score should match the “raw score verbal omit” and “raw score quantitative omit” figures on your score report Count the total number of questions you answered correctly in the three sections that contributed to the verbal score This number should match the “raw score verbal right” figure on your score report Then count the total number of questions you answered incorrectly in these three sections This number should match the “raw score verbal wrong” figure on your score report Divide the number answered incorrectly from Step by four Subtract the result in Step from the number answered correctly in Step This is the correction for guessing Round the resulting number to the nearest whole number by adding and then dropping all digits to the right of the decimal point This number should equal the “verbal corrected raw score” figure on your score report The table below shows three examples of corrected raw score calculations based on 40 questions (total number of omitted or multiple-marked questions, number correct, and number wrong): Example Example Example Step 1- Number omitted or multiple-marked…… Step 2- Number correct… 20 25 30 Step 3- Number wrong… 12 15 Step 4- Number wrong in step divided by 4…… 3.75 1.25 Step 5- Number in step minus number in step 17 21.25 28.75 Step 6- Rounding- Add to the number in step 17.5 21.75 29.25 21 29 Final raw score corrected for guessing: Drop all digits 17 to the right of the decimal in step 6……… Repeat these steps using the three sections contributing to the quantitative score to calculate your quantitative corrected raw score and all six sections contributing to the total score to obtain your total corrected raw score The figures you calculate should match the respective figures on your score report The sum of your verbal and quantitative corrected raw scores may be one point higher or lower than the total corrected raw score due to the rounding procedure for each score REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE 36 MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS Conversion of Corrected Raw Scores to Scaled Scores Use the score conversion tables on pages 34 and 35 to find the scaled score associated with each of your corrected raw scores The equivalent scaled scores should match those on your score report Your Analytical Writing Scores Analytical Writing Assessments are offered in this test preparation product for practice purposes only When calculating the GMAT® equivalent score on GMAT Paper Tests, the essay portion should be ignored When taking the GMAT®, the Analytical Writing Assessment results are reported on your official score report to schools Essay Insight (SM), available through www.mba.com, lets you write two practice essays on actual AWA topics and has them scored automatically by the same technology used to score the GMAT Your scores are objective and accurate, so you can practice to improve Rescoring Service If there are any discrepancies between your self-scoring results and those on your score report, you may request that ETS rescore your answer sheet by submitting the appropriate fee and the form for this purpose you’re your GMAT Examinee Score Interpretation Guide But first check your answer sheet from incomplete erasures or light or partial marking, and check your calculations to be sure that they are accurate Caveats Regarding Raw Score Interpretation The GMAT is designed to yield only the reported verbal, quantitative, and total scaled scores One should not calculate raw scores or individual test sections and infer specific strengths or weaknesses from a comparison of the raw scores results by section There are two reasons for this First, different sections have different numbers of questions, and, even if the number were the same of if percentages were used to make the numbers comparable, the sections might not be equally difficult For illustrative purposes only, suppose that one section had 20 items and another had 25 Furthermore, suppose you received corrected raw scores of 10 on the first and 10 on the second It would be inappropriate to conclude that you had equal ability in the two sections because the corrected raw scores were equal, as you really obtained 50 percent for the first section and only 40 percent for the second It would be equally inappropriate, however, to conclude from the percentages that you did better on the first section than on the second Suppose the first section was relatively easy for most examinees (say, an average corrected raw score percentage across examines of 55 percent) and the second was relatively difficult (an average raw score percentage of 35 percent) Now you might conclude that you did less well than average on the first section and better than average on the second Differences in difficulty level between editions are accounted for in the procedure for converting the verbal, quantitative, and total corrected raw scores to scaled scores Since the corrected raw scores for individual sections are not converted to produce scales scores by section, performance on individual sections of the test cannot be compared Second, corrected raw scores by section ate not converted to scaled scores by section because the GMAT is not designed to reliably measure specific strengths and weaknesses beyond the general verbal and quantitative abilities for which separate scaled scores are reported Reliability is dependent, in part, on the number of questions in the test- the more questions, the higher the reliability The relatively few questions in each section, taken alone, are not sufficient to produce a reliable result for each section (see “Accuracy of the Scores” in the GMAT Examinee Score Interpretation Guide.) Only the reported REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 37 verbal, quantitative, and total scaled scores (which are based on questions from several sections) have sufficient reliability to permit their use in counseling and predicting graduate school performance It is possible, if you repeat the test, that your second raw scores corrected for guessing could be high than on the first test, but your scaled scores could be lower and vice versa This is a result of the slight differences in difficulty level between editions of the test, which are taken into account when corrected raw scores are converted to the GMAT scaled scores That is, for a given scaled score, a more difficult edition requires a lower corrected raw score and an easier edition requires a high corrected raw score Additional Information If you have questions about any of the information in this booklet, please write to: Graduate Management Admission Test Educational Testing Service P.O Box 6102 Princeton, NJ 08541-6102 If you have questions about specific test questions, please indicate that test code and the number(s) of the question(s) as well as your query or comment REPRODUCTION OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS 38 ... THE GMAT? ? This booklet contains the questions that were used to derive scores on the edition of the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT? ?) with test code 14 If the first two digits of the test. .. 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23... 11 D 11 A 11 E 11 B 11.E 12 D 12 B 12 A 12 C 12 A 12 C 13 D 13 D 13 D 13 E 13 E 13 E 14 D 14 C 14 C 14 B 14 A 14 B 15 C 15.C 15 E 15 E 15 E 15 A 16 C 16 D 16 B 16 B 16 D 16 E 17 A 17 C 17 C 18