Where is Multimodal discourse analysis present on background to multimodal discourse analysis, analysis the picture, interpersonal meaning, limitation of multimodal discourse analysis. limitation of multimodal discourse analysis.
ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ- ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI Multimodal analysis discourse Discourse analysis Multimodal discourse analysis I, Background to multimodal discourse analysis: Thư Multimodal discourse analysis considers how texts draw on modes of communication such as pictures, film, video, images and sound in combination with words to make meaning in different genres such as web pages, films and television programs It considers how multimodal texts are designed and how semiotic tools such as color, framing, focus and positioning of elements contribute to the making of meaning in these texts Halliday (2009a) describes types of social meaning or function that are drawn on simultaneously in the use of language In multimodal text there are realized visual in: • • • Representational meaning: How the image conveys aspects of the real world Interpersonal/ modal meaning: How the image engages with the viewer Compositional meaning: how the elements in an image are arranged to make a coherent picture in meaning making Questions to ask when doing multimodal discourse analysis • What meaning is being made in the text? • How is meaning being made in the text? • What resources have been drawn on to make the meaning in the text? • In what social environment is the meaning being made? • Whose interest and agency is at work in the making of the meaning? Le baisser de l’hôtel Robert Doisneau-1950 de ville – the kiss by city hall The picture was taken for a photo spread about Paris lovers for Life magazine in 1950, an image of two lovers kissing, is considered one of the most romantic and popular photos ever taken Although Doisneau worked in Paris as a street photographer and stole many an intimate moment of Parisian couples, this classic shot was staged The Kiss becomes the eternity symbol, a picture of the most expensive kiss not only by the value of money but also the mental sense II, Analysis the picture 1, Representational meaning: Huyền The representational meaning of "A kiss" is narrative structure The photo was shot near Hotel de Ville in the 1950s after the dark days of World War II Everyone else rushes past, but this kiss is a moment of quiet in the midst of the chaos and busyness of everyday life The image depicts a young Parisian couple who appear to have stopped impulsively for a passionate kiss The abrupt appearance of this kiss set against a Parisian backdrop, with its reputation as the city of love, worked together to create an enduring image of romantic love and youthful passion The shot seems to be taken from a street cafe, with tables and other objects halfobstructing the view to the street, giving it an immediate tone The couple stands out mainly because they are stationary while the rest of crowd moves around them Doisneau's contrast between the stillness and sharpness of this couple and the blurred figures creates a dynamic component in the picture and draws the viewer's attention to the couple A man is holding a woman in his arm (Action process) They are closing their eyes at the same time represented kissing each other (Behavior process) 2, Interpersonal meaning: 2.1, The gaze: Trang Interpersonal meaning: The gaze Interpersonal meaning is concerned with the representation of social relations between the viewer and the subject being represented We have different choices to organize the interpersonal meaning including the gaze of the represented participant, the size of frame and the vertical camera angle In terms of the gaze, that means the look set up between the represented participant and the viewer We also have “demand” gaze – the subject directly looking at the viewer and “offer” gaze – the subject looking away from the viewer, to another object in the picture Evidently, looking at photo we clearly realize that is a “offer” type of gaze The choice of the “’offer” types of gaze identified certain communicative purpose The shot showed a couple kissing each other while walking on the sidewalk filled with pedestrians, in front of a coffee shop Two adults and the passers in the shot looked away from the viewer The role’s the other one or the viewer that of an invisible onlooker According to love concept, this black and white photograph recorded a great moment of love when the pair indifferent exchanged burning kiss in the streets, a kiss without control, demolished the fence opinion At this moment, they were immersing themselves in love in their world Besides, “The Kiss” is the classic image forever associated with a romantic Paris 2.2, the size of frame: Lan Although not as iconic as the picture "the sailor kiss", Robert Doisneau’s “The Kiss by the Hôtel de Ville,” taken on a Parisian street in 1950, is considered one of the most romantic and popular photos ever taken The picture was taken for a photo spread about Paris lovers for Life magazine The couple was considered a symbol of love in Paris The photographer took a shot about Parisian life in black and white His photos usually consist of people on the streets, a pair of kissing lovers can be seen somewhere It is a medium shot The couple is framed in the center of the photograph, as the main focal point, as well as being in the center of the crowd with people walking behind them, side of them, and someone is sitting in front of them, the complete focus on the moment which shows the subject – their kiss The foreground does not really exist in the photo The middle ground is all of the people along with the cars The background is of the building and the lamppost The focal point is the couple kissing However, the photo also has people half out of frame and other elements such as the walkers and cars have motion blurs, which encourages the viewer to fill in the gaps, and move across the photo in a more interactive way It also creates a sense of depth to the image as it makes it multi-layered with the man in front, then the couple, then the walkers, then the cars, and in the background the hotel, giving the viewer’s eye more to look at and make them feel more a part of the scene taking place as they have a full perspective of picture The size of frame is in focus, emphasizing the subject of the picture The viewer is drawn close to the subjects, to feel the love of the subjects The photo is very loving, romantic, and only the feeling of being in love can see this photo The photo says a lot about freedom and young love as the couple passionately demonstrate it in the middle of the street, careless of the presence of people walking around them 2.3, The camera angel: Quyên Camera angles are traditionally discussed in terms of three basic angles: eye level, below eye level and above eye level Obviously wide variations exist within these three categories; even so, they serve as basic descriptors When we look up with the camera, the object or event seems more important, more powerful, and more authoritative than when we look at it straight on or even look down on it When we look down with the camera, the object usually loses somewhat in significance; it becomes less powerful, less important than we look at it straight on or from below The camera's angle often determines the picture's background Upward angles tend to be shot against the sky, cloud banks, walls, windows, all of which are positive; downward angles, on the other hand, show the subject against floors, dirt, litter, feet, and such non-inspiring subjects The same camera angle that creates an image of strength can create quite an alternate effect The camera with a low angle, looking up, can introduce strength, security, and stature The camera angle worthy is the tilted angle The familiar horizontal plane "gives us a feeling of stability" (Zettl 117) By tilting the horizontal plane, however, "We can create an intense feeling of dis-orientation." This can be used to signify "extreme physical or mental stress or simply to make a scene appear more dynamic, more energetic" (Zettl 120) As Alan Armer explains in Directing Television and Film, "The tilted shot suggests a world that has gone awry, in which normal standards of security have disappeared Life Magazine photographer Doisneau took this photo in Paris on April Fool's Day in 1950 and called it Le Baiser a L'Hôtel de Ville (The Kiss at the Hotel de Ville) Seemingly oblivious to the bustle of Paris, to onlookers, to whatever else is going on, the lovers sense only each other A thick scarf loosely caresses his neck, which is taut with intensity as he leans down to her upturned face Every muscle of her body seems to strain towards him The picture: The Kiss in City Hall is a striking example of the use of such an tilted angle They were delighted to be part of the history of romance Paris, youth, freedom, passion The symbol: the kiss They were filmed for a television documentary about Doisneau, but when footage of them wound up on the cutting-room floor, they were, they said, appalled that they would not get to celebrate their romance with the public The kiss is such a popular metaphor for love and so easy to exploit 3, Textual meaning: Lương Now we are finding out about textual meaning of this picture Kiss by the Town Hall, the photograph of a couple kissing in the busy streets of Paris, which became an internationally recognized symbol of young love in Paris Some of information about the author of this picture, he is Robert Doisneau (1912 1994) who a photographer famous French He was a pioneer of photojournalism in the streets of Paris After the photo The Kiss, Robert Doisneau's name goes up skyrocketed We can see that a black and white photograph on a boulevard in Paris a cold day, middle a stream of people, were taken from a roadside cafe has become a public enchanting moments They kiss passionately in the street, oblivious to the pedestrians passing by As I know, familiar with the public when appearing on millions of postcards, posters, newspapers around the world, there is a picture of the couple is kissed amorously in front of City Hall Hotel de Ville, Paris's French photographer Robert Doisneau Photo titled Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville, also known simply as The Kiss was taken in 1950, after being published in Life magazine in the same year 12/6 days has become a prominent symbol of love in Paris Approximately half a century longer than just reinforces something that's The Kiss is the classic image forever associated with a romantic Paris, places that today, the pair remains indifferent exchanged passionate kisses in the streets The Kiss became an enduring icon, a picture of the most expensive kiss not only by the value of money but also the morale sense May 4/2005, a Swiss collector bought original photo with price Euro 155,000 (equivalent to $ 242,000) The owner of the original image, said: "This romantic image is a mirror to the young age of my wife and me anymore." III, Limitation of multimodal discourse analysis: Chi Requiring much time and containing many different points of view Multimodal discourse analysis is a process in which people have to pay much time in to have a thorough view To examine only this picture, we have to analyze all aspects in their own situation to understand it clearly For example, with the angle of the picture which directly focuses on the couple, not surrounding people, so we have to interpret what the meaning of this angle is Many detailed analysis wastes much time Moreover, each person has their own point of view with an aspect For example, we may see the people surrounding the couple, who seem not care about the kiss A person can sees them as insensitive people, who has no feeling to other; another one sees them as polite people, who wants to spend space for the couple and doesn’t want to disturb them and even another can see that this is the normal expression of the Western and has nothing to notice to Being less looking at view of other involved people of the picture Multimodal discourse analysis only focuses on analyze the picture with this gaze, this gesture, posture but doesn’t mention what the viewer can get from it because in many case, analyzing something and looking at it with no purpose are very different Also, multimodal discourse analysis doesn’t mention the relation between people who create the product with their product For example, when multimodal discourse analysis looks at the picture, it can find out that the medium short helps set off the kiss and also the expression of other people However, the viewer may only see that this is a picture which expresses a sweet kiss of a couple in the street among many people walking around And the relation between the photographer and the picture is also an important part Each artist has their own message to convey to the audience Analyzing the product may not be efficient, but analyzing it in their set ... and me anymore." III, Limitation of multimodal discourse analysis: Chi Requiring much time and containing many different points of view Multimodal discourse analysis is a process in which people... very different Also, multimodal discourse analysis doesn’t mention the relation between people who create the product with their product For example, when multimodal discourse analysis looks at... nothing to notice to Being less looking at view of other involved people of the picture Multimodal discourse analysis only focuses on analyze the picture with this gaze, this gesture, posture but