Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Lesson THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), as a member of the Thai Nguyen University, was established in 1970 with the name of Thai Nguyen College of Agricultural Technology In 1972, under the decision No 750/VP/15 of the Prime Minister of Vietnam, its name was changed into BacThai University of Agriculture No III Since 1994, under decision No 31/CP its name has become Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry is an educational and research institute for agriculture, forestry, environment and resources technology and management The goal of the University is to provide highly-educated manpower, research and technology in fields of agriculture, rural development, environment and resources management for sustainable development of Vietnam, especially the North Mountainous Region of Vietnam Through nearly four decades of development, TUAF has been experiencing growth in qualitative and quantitative aspects The University has been recognized as one of leading national agricultural universities in Vietnam As a result, the University has been granted some noble awards from the Vietnamese Communist Party and the Government such as the Third Class Labor Medal, the Second Class and the First Class Medals in 1990, 1995 and 2000 respectively For these achievements, the University was given the Third Class Independence Medal in 2005 This is a good honor fully deserved by all the University staff and students Thus, the University staff and students are working hard to develop the Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry to become a leading Center in education, training and technical transfer in the area of Agriculture, forestry, environment and resource management towards industrialization and modernization In pursuit of excellence in education, researches and public services, TUAF is continuously attempting to improve the quality of education and research programs to meet the demand of global integration and market oriented labor demands Diversifying education and training programs, improving training curricula and teaching methods and upgrading research facilities have been recognized as the key issues for the development of the University in the 21st century The development of http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y international cooperation is being promoted to improve the capacity of the University staff, training program and curricula, and research facilities As the mission and foundation of TUAF, we will be continuing our tradition of excellence in research and education We hope that you will join us to make a prospective future for NMR and Vietnam The main goal of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry is to provide highly qualified staff and researchers in the area of agriculture and forestry and technical and management for Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam Since its establishment, the University has continuously developed and became the leading Center of education and training in the region At the beginning, the University provided training only for bachelor degrees of Agronomy and Animal Husbandry Today, the University provides training for different degree levels such as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Master's, Bachelor, and Diploma with 17 different training areas After 35 years, the University has completed PhD, Master's, 16 Bachelor and many Diploma courses with the total graduates of 12,966 Bachelors, 232 Master's and PhDs Since year 2000, the University has implemented four (4) national-level research projects, 137 ministry-level research projects and 323 university-level research projects, 48 projects with government organizations and international nongovernment organizations, and 106 projects of technical transfer in the region The University has close relationship with all Northern provinces, and relevant ministries in the areas of agriculture, education and training, aquaculture and rural development In the context of global integration, the University has successfully established relationship with many universities, institutions and organizations in the world from Germany, Canada, United States of America, Thailand, Korea, Australia, Netherlands, China, Japan, and other countries in order to improve the quality of education, research and training through cooperation and exchange activities The University has always paid high attention to the development of staff in quantity and quality as well as planning for well-balanced teaching and service staff The teaching staff is 268, one (1) of which is a Professor, 16 are Associate professors, 52 are Doctors, the remaining are Master's degree holders and some teaching assistants have Bachelor degrees About 30% of teaching staff can communicate in English in their work and teaching The number of service staff is 124 The number of students in 2006 was http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y more than 8000 The full time students were more than 4000 and graduate students were 198 In order to meet the requirements for industrialization and modernization of the agriculture sector, the University has developed a comprehensive development strategy in the mobilization and effective use of resources to make an innovative change in training programs and teaching methods, and ensure the adequate quantity and quality of staff for successful completion of key training and technical transfer programs such as biotechnology, post harvest and processing technology, resource management, and others The Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry has always successfully completed the tasks given by the State and Government The University's party committee has been recognized by Thai Nguyen provincial committee Party as a good and strong party committee for many years Lesson GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VERERINARY MEDICINE I Reading comprehension: The Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine was established in 1970 It was amongst academic departments in Bac Thai University of Agriculture and Forestry at that time Its mission is to Train, research and technology transfer in fields of animal sciences and veterinary medicine, and aquaculture The Faculty of Animal science and veterinary medicine has had 38 years experience in training, research, extension and integration activities It has recruited a major number of competent veterinarians and agricultural engineers who have enthusiastically contributed to the health and well- being of animals as well as humans in the northern part of Vietnam The Faculty of Animal science and Veterinary Medicine consist of academic departments included: Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Animal Genetics – Breeding - Feed Animal husbandry science http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Infectious Pathology Veterinary Pharmacology Valuable and Rare Animal Husbandry - Aquaculture The educational service facilities are: - Practical laboratories in each department use for subject practical lessons - 01 Central laboratory - Centre for agriculture experiment and practices About human resource: The Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine has 47 staff members, in which there is one professor, associate professors, 25 senior lecturers holding Ph.D and MSc degrees, 14 teaching assistants, Technicians and 989 full – time students II Vocabulary Husbandry: ['h zbəndri] : Công việc chăn nuôi, nghề chăn nuôi Veterinary: 'vetərineri : Thú y Veterinarian: [,vetəri'neəriən]: Bác sĩ thú y Medicine: ['medisn]: Y học, y khoa Establish: [is'tæbli∫]: Lập, thành lập, thiết lập, kiến lập Agriculture: ['ægrik lt∫ə]: Forestry: ['f Nông nghiệp ristri]: Khoa học công việc trồng, quản lý rừng; lâm nghiệp Mission: ['mi∫n]: Sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ Concern: [kən'sə:n] : Liên quan 10 Theoretical: [,θiə'retikl]:(thuộc): Lý thuyết; có tính chất lý thuyết 11 Practical: ['præktikl]: Thực hành (đối với lý thuyết 12 Prevention: [pri'ven∫n]: Sự ngăn ngừa, ngăn trở 13 Diagnosis: [,daiəg'nousis]: 14 Treatment : ['tri:tmənt]: (y học) phép chẩn đoán; chẩn đoán Sự đối xử, đối đãi, cư xử (với người nào) 15 Disease: [di'zi:z]: Bệnh thể 16 Science: ['saiəns]: Khoa học 17 Aquaculture: [,ækwə'k lt∫ə]: Nghề nuôi trồng thuỷ sản http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 18 Extension: [iks'ten∫n] : Sự mở rộng 19 Integration: [,inti'grei∫n] : [,inti'grei∫n]: hoà hợp với môi trường, hội nhập 20 Competent: ['k mpitənt]: Thạo; rành; giỏi 21 Contribute: [kən'tribju:t]: Đóng góp, góp phần 22 Health: [helθ]: Sức khoẻ 23 Create: [kri:'eit]: 24 Buffalo: ['b Tạo, tạo nên, tạo ra, tạo thành, sáng tạo fəlou]: Con trâu 25 Cattle: ['kætl] : Loại động vật có sừng móng chẻ bò, nuôi để lây sữa ăn thịt; gia súc 26 Biochemistry: [,baiou'kemistri]: 27 Pharmacology: [,f :mə'k Khoa hoá sinh lədʒi]: Khoa dược lý (nghiên cứu tác dụng thuốc lên thể) 28 Infrastructure: [,infrə'str kt∫ə]: Các phận, thiết bị phụ thuộc, tạo thành sở hệ thống, sở hạ tầng 29 Laboratory: [lə'b rətəri]: Phòng thí nghiệm; phòng pha chế 30 Experiment: [iks'periment]: Thực nghiệm 31 Analysis: [ə'næləsis]: Sự phân tích; phép phân tích 32 Rare: [reə]: 33 Culture: ['k Hiếm lt∫ə]: Sự cấy (vi khuẩn); số lượng vi khuẩn cấy; mẻ cấy vi khuẩn 34 Microorganism: [,maikrou' :gənizm]: Sinh vật nhỏ thấy qua kính hiển vi; vi sinh vật 35 Senior: ['si:niə]: Nhiều tuổi hơn; cao cấp bậc chức quyền ; lâu năm hơn, thâm niên 36 Lecturers: ['lekt∫ərə]: Giảng viên đại học 37 Staff: [st Cán :f]: III Exercise Practice 1: Answer the following questions When was the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine established? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y What are the missions of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… What did the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine achieve? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… How many academic departments does the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine have? What academic departments? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… How many infrastructures does the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine have? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… IV Assignment From all above possible information, write a short message about FASVM (preferably 50 words) to summarize what you have learned from the passage http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Lesson OVER VIEW OF ANIMAL SCIENCES I Reading comprehension: Animal agriculture is a significant portion of agriculture production Related research, education and extension activities are continually changing to address new challenges and opportunities brought about by rapidly advancing technologies, evolving consumer demand, and the need to make positive contributions to environmental, human, and animal health Efficient, science-based animal agriculture translates into affordable and high-quality food for the consumer Researchers collaborate with industry and other interested parties to develop and disseminate knowledge and methods to improve agriculturally relevant animal systems Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics: Animal protein is essential in meeting escalating nutritional needs around the world Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics research focuses on desirable genetic animal traits that have revolutionized poultry, livestock, and fish production These genetic traits include animals that are leaner; have increased disease resistance; or excel in growth rate or the production of eggs, meat, milk, wool, or mohair The natural efficiency of an animal to use http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y nutrients in its feed could affect the nutrients in the manure and thus affect the environment Animal Nutrition and Growth: Inefficient nutrient intake by animals is financially and environmentally costly in animal operations from livestock farms to fish farms It not only hurts animal growth, health, and well-being, but it may also affect the safety and quality of the food products It may result in excess nutrients polluting the environment in the form of odors or ground water contamination The primary objective of the Animal Growth and Nutrition Program is to discover the nutritional, biological, and genetic factors underlying: • Normal animal growth • Nutrient digestion and efficiency • Metabolism • Lactation • Muscle and bone development Animal Products: Americans buy approximately $100 billion of animal products at the farm gate, and several times that amount at retail each year These products include meat and meat products, poultry products (meat and eggs), fish, shellfish, dairy products (milk and cheese), and non-food products such as fiber (wool, mohair, cashmere, and leather) The quality and safety of animal products prior to harvest are influenced by genetics, nutrition, and management systems After harvest they are affected by handling, processing, storage, and marketing practices Animal Reproduction: Reproductive efficiency is the major factor affecting profitability in many livestock production systems For example, the fertility of domestic ruminants (cattle and sheep), even under optimal conditions, is only about 50 percent Inefficient reproduction may be caused by numerous factors, including: • Increased genetic selection for meat or milk production traits http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y • Early embryonic and fetal loss • Failure to reach puberty at an optimum age or an inability of young females to conceive early in the breeding season • Environmental stressors such as temperature extremes or changes in photoperiod (day and night cycle) • Production of sperm with a low potential for fertilization • Limited sex drive Animal Well-being: Evaluating farm animal well-being is a challenge to the animal food industry and scientific communities Scientists study how to accurately measure an animal’s state of comfort and well-being For example, scientists study animals in different environmental conditions that vary in temperature, humidity, amount of daylight, bedding, size and shape of living quarters, and the number of other animals in the environment They also work to understand how animals react both behaviorally and biologically in stressful situations, such as in transport, or when animals must be restrained, such as during a medical evaluation or treatment These understandings are important to those who work with animals as pets, livestock, or wildlife to ensure the safety and well-being of both animals and humans as they interact II Vocabulary: Agriculture: (n) [ ]: Nông nghiệp Production: (n) [ ]: Sự sản xuất Extension: (n) [ ]: Khuyến nông Challenge: (n) [ ]: Sự thách thức ]: Disseminate: (n) [ Knowledge (n) [ Environment (n) [ Phổ biến, truyền bá ]: Sự hiểu biết, kiến thức ]: Môi trường http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Biological (adj) [ ]: Sinh vật học Behavior: Thái độ, hành vi ]: 10 Re-strain (v) [ ]: 11 Optimal adj [ 12 Measure (n) [ Cố định gia súc Tốt ]: Sự đo lường ]: 13 Management (n) [ Sự trông nom, quản lý 14 Potential (n) [ ]: Tiềm tàng, tiềm 15 Trait (n) [ ]: Nét, điểm 16 Cashmere (n) [ ]: Khăn len ca sơ mia 17 Influence (v) [ ]: Anh hưởng ]: 18 Collaborate (v) [ Cộng tác 19 Wildlife: 20 Harvest (v) [ Thú vật, chim muông hoang dã ]: Thu hoạch ]: 21 Well-being (n) [ 22 Shellfish (n) [ Hạnh phúc, phúc lợi ]: Sò, hến 23 Lactation (n): 24 Puberty (n) [ Sự sinh, thải sữa ]: Tuổi thành thục tính 25 Photoperiod (n): 26 Livestock (n) [ Chu kỳ chiếu sáng ]: Vật nuôi, thú nuôi 27 Nutrition (n) [ ]: Dinh dưỡng 28 Conceive (v) [ ]: Thụ thai 29 Treatment (n) [ ]: Điều trị 10 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 14 Botany [ ] (n): 15 Entomology [ Thực vật học ] (n): 16 Anthrax [ Côn trùng học ] (n): Bệnh nhiệt thán ] (adj): Thuộc phân loại) 17 Taxonomic [ 18 Contemporary [ ] (adj): Đương thời, thời 19 Cholera [ ] (n): Bệnh dịch tả 20 Germ [ ] (n): Mầm bệnh, vi trùng 21 Novel [ ] (n): Mới lạ, lạ thường 22 Breadth [ ] (n): Quan điểm 23 Nitrifying: Nitrat hóa III Exercise Practice 1: Answer the following questions What is common in the following studies: virology, mycology, parasitology? ……………………………………………………………………………………… When were bacteria and microorganisms first obsered? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Why Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) and Robert Koch (1843–1910) are often considered to be the founders of medical microbiology? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Why it was said that the true breadth of microbiology not revealed until the work of Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931) and Sergei Winogradsky (1856–1953)? ……………………………………………………………………………………… Practice 2: True or false statement We have studied all everything of all microbe species on earth Louis Pasteur made two major contributions to microbiology: the discovery of viruses and the development of enrichment culture techniques Ferdinand Cohn (1828–1898), a biologist whose studies on fungi led him to describe several bacteria including Bacillus and Beggiatoa 47 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Pasteur designed methods for food preservation (pasteurization) and vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and rabies Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed a single-lens microscope and observed Bacteria microorganisms in 1676 Practice 3: Word(s) usage Fill in the blank the most appropriate word(s) Bacteria and other microorganisms can only be visualized by …… A, Microscope B, Binoculars C, Amplifier D, Magnifying glass Specific diseases were caused by specific pathogenic …………… A, Animals B, Birds C, Anthrax D, Microorganisms Nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were …… … …… by Winogradsky A, Made and introduce B, Established and spread C, Isolated and described Pasteur and Koch only focused on microorganisms having direct ……… relevance A, Human B, Animal C, Medical D, Therapy IV Assignment Uses all possible information above to write a short text (preferably 50 words) to summarize what your perception about general microbiology 48 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Lesson 10 INTRODUCTION ON AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES I Reading comprehension The word “aquaculture”, though used rather winderly for over a decade to denote all forms of culture of aquatic animals and plants in fresh, brackish and marine environments, is still used by mary in a more restrictive sense For some, it means aquatic culture other than fish farming or fish husbandry, whereas others understand it as aquatic farming other than mariculture It is also sometimes used as a synonym for mariculture However, the term aquaculture is sufficiently expressive and allinclusive It only needs a clarification that it does not include the culture of essentially terrestrial plants(as, for example, in hydroponics) or of basically terrestrial animals However, when it needs to be used to denote (i) the type of culture techniques or systems ( pond culture, raceway culture, cage culture, raft culture); (ii) the type of organism cultured(e.g fish culture or fish husbandry, oyster, mussel, shrimp or seaweed culture); (iii) the enviroment in which the culture is done (e.g 49 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y fresh water, brachkish water, salt water or marine aquaculture or mariculture); or ( iv) a specific character of the enviroment used for culture (e.g cold-water or warm-water aquaculture, upland, lowland, inland, coastal, estuarine), the use of restricitive terms would probable be more appropriate While aquaculture is generally considered as a part of fisheries science, there is now a tendency to denote the distnction between the two by using the term “fisheries and aquaculture”, because of some the basic diffirences in development and management Author: Pillay, 1990 In Aquaculture; Principles and Practices; Fishing News Books Publication II Vocabulary Scope (n) [ Phạm vi, lĩnh vực, tầm xa ] To define Định nghĩa, xác định Definition (n) [ Lời định nghĩa ] Aquaculture (n) Nuôi trồng thủy sản Aquatic (a) [ ] Culture (v,n) [ ] Decade (n) [ ] Denote (v) [ Fresh (a) [ nước, nước Chăn nuôi, trồng trọt, canh tác Một thập kỷ Biểu thị, rõ, bao hàm ] Ngọt, mới, tươi, ] 10 Marine (n) [ Thuộc biển ] 11 Environment [ Môi trường, hoàn cảnh ] 12 Restrictive (a) [ 13 Sense (n) [ Hạn hẹp, giới hạn ] Ý nghĩa, phạm vi, chiều hướng ] 14 Husbandry (n) [ 15 Synonym (n) [ Canh tác, chăm sóc, nuôi dưỡng ] Từ đồng nghĩa ] 16 Mariculture (n) 17 Term (n) [ Nuôi hải sản Thuật ngữ, thời hạn, nhiệm kỳ ] 18 Sufficiently (adv) 19 Expressive (a) [ Đầy đủ, có khả Diễn đạt được, có ý nghĩa ] 50 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 20 Inclusive (a) [ Gồm cả, bao hàm, kể hết thứ ] 21 Clarification (n) [ 22 Clarify (v) [ Sự làm rõ ràng, làm minh bạch ] Gạn lọc, làm rõ ràng, làm minh bạch ] 23 Essentially (adv) Thiết yếu, cần thiết, thiếu 24 Terrestrially (adv) 25 Plant (n) [ Thuộc trái đất, mặt đất, cạn Cây cỏ, thực vật ] 26 Hydroponics (n) [ ] Ký thuật trồng trọt nước, thủy canh 27 Pond culture (n) Nuôi ao 28 Raceway culture (n) Nuôi nước chảy 29 Cage culture (n) Nuôi bè, nuôi lồng 30 Pen culture (n) Nuôi đăng quầng 31 Raft culture (n) Nuôi mảng 32 Organism (n) [ 33 Oyster (n) [ 34 Mussel (n) [ Sinh vật, thể, phận, quan ] Hầu, sò Vẹm điệp (con trai) ] ] III Exercise Macth a line in A with another line in B The use of restricitive terms A for over a decade to denote all forms of culture of aquatic animals and plants It only needs a clarification that B between the two by using the term “fisheries and aquaculture” 3.The word “aquaculture” used rather C whereas others understand it as winderly aquatic farming other than mariculture There is now a tendency to denote the D it does not include the culture of distnction essentially terrestrial plants For some, it means aquatic culture E would probable be more appropriate other than fish farming or fish husbandry, True (T) False (F) or Unknown (U) The word “aquaculture”, though used rather winderly for over twenty years 51 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y It is also sometimes used as the same meaning for mariculture The majority of aquatic animals currently being cultured are representatives of three phyla The atmosphere in which the culture is done (e.g fresh water, brachkish water, salt water or marine aquaculture or mariculture) Representatives from other phyla could become important to aquaculture in the future IV Assignment Uses all possible information above to write a short text (preferably 50 words) to summarize your perception about general aquaculture and fisheries Lesson 11 FISH NUTRITION AND AQUACULTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT I Reading comprehension Aquaculture activities can have a significant effect on the health and quality of receiving waters Changes in oxygen, temperature, pH, and the addition of metals, drugs, suspended solids, ammonia, organic nitrogen, and phosphorus are often measurable downstream from hatcheries The impact of farm discharges on the receiving waters depends, in part, on the level of nutrients already present In the North of Vietnam, where most lakes and streams are already nutrien tenriched (mesotrophic or eutrophic), the addition of farm wastes is usually considered detrimental Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in farm wastes primarily originate from feeds and are of greatest concern due to their role in nutrient enrichment (eutrophication) Eutrophication is the artificial enrichment of waters which often results in blooms of noxious algae or excessive growth of higher plants 52 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y When the plants die, the decaying organic material can deplete water of oxygen to a degree detrimental to other aquatic organisms I Read the following passages and match each heading with one proper passage: Estimating Nutrient Loading, Feeding, Feed Selection Floating feeds should be used whenever possible Floating feeds allow the aquaculturist to monitor fish feeding activity In addition, floating feeds may be more waterstable than some sinking pellets However, sinking feeds are generally less expensive than floating feeds and some fish species may be reluctant to actively feed at the surface It is good practice to feed the largest pellet size which is acceptable to the fish Fish expend less energy during feeding if their feed needs are met by fewer, larger pellets Larger pellets also have a smaller surface-to-volume ratio than smaller pellets which reduces the rate and amount of nutrients that leach into the water before the pellets are consumed Feed ‘dust’ and particles too small to be consumed by the fish should be screened out prior to feeding A high quality feed will contain < 1% fines Poor feeding management can be an important source of farm wastes Even perfectly formulated feeds will result in excess effluent nutrients if fish are over fed Most feed manufacturers suggest feeding rates for their different feeds based on fish size and water temperature If given the opportunity, fish generally will consume more feed than they can use efficiently For this reason, demand feeders should be avoided except under special circumstances such as feed training If a demand feeder must be used, the amount of feed provided daily should be limited to feeding table values or established daily feeding rates for the farm Feeding schedules should be designed to account for fish behavior Factors that affect of active feeding, such as light sensitivity or time of day, may influence feeding efficiency The amount of N and P released in farm effluents is often estimated using water samples The concentration of nutrients in farm effluents fluctuates frequently due to management practices and nutrient interaction with the air, bacteria and algae, 53 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y and sediments Since water sampling is expensive, samples may not be tested often enough to accurately reflect farm nutrient discharges Alternately, N loading may be calculated based on fish weight gain Using this method, fish protein gain, based simply on weight gain, is mathematically translated into N gain Subtracting the amount of N gained by the fish from the amount of N fed results in an N loss estimate This simple calculation is possible because the amount of protein (or N) in a fish is directly related to its weight If fish are excessively fatty, N lost will be underestimated If final weights of individual fish are not similar or normally distributed about the mean, calculations must be made for subgroups of similarly sized fish Authors: Laurel J Ramseyer and Donald L Garling; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University II Vocabulary Activities (n) Các hoạt động Significant (adj) [ Effect (n) [ Changes (n) [ Metal (n) [ Drug (n) [ Suspended (adj) Solids (n) [ Organic (adj) [ Tác động, hiệu quả, ảnh hưởng ] Những thay đổi ] Kim loại, khoáng vi chất ] Thuốc, hóa chất sử dụng ] Huyền phù Chất rắn ] 10 Nitrogen (n) [ 11 Phosphorus (n) [ Hữu ] Nitơ ] [ Phốtpho ] 12 Measurable (adj) [ [ Quan trọng, có ý nghĩa ] Đo đượcDownstream (adv) ] Theo dòng chảyHatchery (n) ] Nơi ương trứng, ấp trứng ] 13 Discharge (n) [ Sự thải hồi, đổ ] 54 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 14 Nutrient (n, adj) [ 15 Stream (n) [ Dòng suối ] 16 Farm (n) [ Trại, trang trại ] 17 Waste (n, adj) [ Chất ăn thừa, bị thải ] 18 Detrimental (adj) [ 19 Feed (n) [ Chất dinh dưỡng ] Có hại, bất lợi cho ] Thức ăn ] 20 Enrichment (eutrophication) (n) lênArtificial (adj) [ 21 Bloom (n, v) [ Sự làm giầu, làm tốt Nhân tạo ] Ra hoa, hoa ] 22 Noxious (adj) [ Độc hại ] 23 Algae (n) [ Alga, tảo ] 24 Plant (n,v) [ ] Thực vật, trồng, gieo 25 Decay (n) [ ] Sự phân rã, suy tàn 26 Deplete (v) [ Tháo hết, xả hết, làm kiệt quệ ] 27 Organism (n) [ Cơ thể, sinh vật ] 28 Floating feed Thức ăn 29 Pellet (n) [ Viên, hòn, thức ăn viên ] 30 Sinking feeds Sự chìm thức ăn 31 Reluctant (adj) [ 32 Surface (n) [ Bề mặt, mặt nước ] 33 Expend (v) [ 34 Leach (v) [ Khó thay đổi, miễn cưỡng ] Tiêu thụ, sử dụng, dùng cạn kiệt ] Lọc qua, dò, hòa tan ] 35 Feed ‘dust ’ 36 Screen (v) [ Thức ăn bột nhỏ, phần bụi Sàng, lọc ] 37 Fine (n) Phần hạt nhỏ, bụi 38 Formulate (v) [ ] Phối hợp (thức ăn), thành lập phần 39 Manufacturer (n) [ 40 Consume (v) [ Nhà sản xuất, hãng sản xuất ] Ăn uống, tiêu thụ ] 41 Efficiently (adv) Có hiệu quả, hiệu nghiệm 42 Feeder (n) Feeder Người cho ăn 55 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 43 Circumstance (n) [ Hoàn cảnh, tình hướng, việc ] 44 Feeding schedules 45 Release (n,v) [ Chế độ cho ăn Giải phóng, thoát ] 46 Effluent (n, adj) [ Phát ra, tuôn ] 47 Sample (n,v) Mẫu, lấy mẫu 48 Concentration of nutrients Mật độ dinh dưỡng 49 Fluctuate (v) [ Dao động ] 50 Interaction (n) [ 51 Sediment (n) [ Sự ảnh hưởng lẫn ] Cặn, chất lắng xuống đáy ] 52 Fish weight gain Khối lượng tăng trưởng cá III Exercise Practice 1: True or False statement Aquaculture activities can have an insignificant effect on the health and quality of receiving waters The addition of farm sources is usually considered detrimental Sinking feeds are generally more expensive than floating feeds Larger pellets have a smaller surface-to-volume ratio than smaller pellets too Commonly, fish will consume more feed than they can use efficiently Factors affecting of active feeding may not influence feeding efficiency The affect of nutrients in farm effluents fluctuates frequently due to management practices N loading may be calculated based on fish weight gain Practice 2: Answer the following questions: What are often measurable downstream from hatcheries? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… How you call the artificial enrichment of waters? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… 56 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y How you define floating feeds? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Is it possible to design feeding schedules to account for fish behavior? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Under what circumstance will N lost be underestimated? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Practice 3: Summary Summarize the main idea of each paragraph IV Assignment Translate the text into Vietnamese Lesson 12 CARP I Reading comprehension Carp is a common name for various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fishes originally from Eurasia and Southeast Asia Some consider all cyprinid fishes carp and the family Cyprinidae itself is often known as the carp family In colloquial use, however, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as common carp, crucian carp, grass carp, silver carp bighead carp Carp have long been an important food fish to humans, as well as popular ornamental fishes As a result, carp have been introduced to various locations, though with mixed results Ornamental carp 57 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Carp, along with many of their cyprinid relatives, are popular ornamental aquarium and pond fish The two most notable ornamental carps are goldfish and koi Goldfish were kept as ornamental fish in China for hundreds of years before being introduced to Japan in the 15th century, and to Europe in the late 17th century The koi, a domesticated variety of common carp, also originated from China and spread widely in Japan The koi are historically a prevalent symbol in Japanese culture of good luck They are shown in competitive fish shows like those at the All-Japan exhibition They are also popular in other parts of the world as pond fish Goldfish and koi have advantages over most ornamental fishes, as they are tolerant of cold (they can survive in temperatures as low as degrees Celsius), and can survive at low oxygen levels Carp as pests Carp have been introduced, often illegally, in many countries In the USA they were introduced by the US government as a food source around the turn of the century in one of the largest and most successful stocking efforts in history In Australia there is enormous anecdotal and mounting scientific evidence that introduced carp are the cause of permanent turbidity and loss of submerged vegetation in the Murray-Darling river system, with severe consequences for river ecosystems, water quality and native fish species Efforts to eradicate a small colony from Tasmania's Lake Crescent without chemicals have been successful; however, the lengthy, expensive and intensive undertaking is an example of both the possibility and difficulty of safely removing the species once it is established Source: wikipedia II Vocabulary Carp (n) [ ]: Cá chép Freshwater (adj) [ ]: Nước Originally (adv) [ ]: Nguồn gốc 58 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Cyprinid (n): Họ cá chép Vegetation (n) [ ]: Cây cối thực vật Severe (adj): Khốc liệt Survive (v) [ ]: Sống sót Ornamental (adj) [ ]: Aquarium (n) [ ]: 10 Exhibition (n) [ Bể nuôi cá ]: Triển lãm, trưng bày 11 Colloquial (adj) [ ]: 12 Prevalent (adj) [ 13 Pond (n) [ Để trang trí Thông tục ]: Thịnh hành, lưu hành ]: Ao cá 14 Koi (n): Cá cảnh Nhật 15 Enormous (adj): To lớn, khổng lồ 16 Tolerant (adj) [ ]: 17 Anecdotal (adj) [ Chịu ]: 18 Domesticate (v) [ 19 Eradicate (v) [ Chuyện vặt, giai thoại ]: Thuần dưỡng ]: Trừ tiệt 20 Turbidity (n) [ 21 Successful (adj) [ ]: ]: Độ đục Thành công III Exercise Practice 1: Answering the following questions What is the name carp referred to? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… 59 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y What are the main purposes of rearing carp? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… How carp affected the ecosystem of the Murray-Darling River? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Why is it difficult to eradicate carp from the ecosystem once it has been introduced? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Practice 2: True or false statement In Japan and China, people often use ornamental carps as their food Carp was originated from Arctic Goldfish have advantages over most ornamental fishes, as they are tolerant of cold It is illegally to keep ornamental carp in Vietnam Gold fish is not amongst ornamental carp Practice 3: Word(s) usage Fill in the blank the most appropriate word(s) Carp are widely reared around the world, they can be kept in small ………… as well as big ponds A, House B, Aquaria C, Fan D, Tree In Japan culture, …… is the symbol of …………… A, Shark … bad luck B, Snakehead …… good luck C, Koi… good luck …… have long been an important food fish to humans A, Carp B, Tree C, Pig D, Poultry In China goldfish were kept as ……… fish then they were introduced to Japan in the 15th century 60 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y A, Food B, Vegetable C, Fighter D, Ornamental IV Assignment From all above possible information, write a short message (preferably 50 words) to describe how carp are kept in Vietnam 61 http://www.ebook.edu.vn [...]... fertilization An infant may have as many as 2 million primary oocytes 31 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Approximately 300,000-400,000 primary oocytes remain at time of puberty; 400 mature over the reproductive years Ovarian Follicle The oocyte and cells surrounding it is the follicle The follicle moves to the surface and erupts, releasing the oocyte After ovulation,... (preferably 50 words) describe the current situation of animal husbandry in Vietnam 2 Summarize the passage 13 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Lesson 4 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Source: Knut Schmidt Nielsen Animal Physiology – Adaptation and Environment 5th Edition Cambridge University Press OVERVIEW OF ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE ANIMAL BODY Organ Integument injury due Major... Pancreas [ 29 Vessel [ Tuyến tuỵ ](n) Mạch quản 30 Lymph node 31 Spleen [ Hạch lympho ](n) Lá lách 32 Thymus 33 Tonsil [ 34 Pharynx [ Tuyến ức ](n) Amidan, tuyến hạnh nhân ](n) 35 Larynx [ 36 Trachea [ 37 Bronchi[ Hầu, họng ](n) Thanh quản ](n) Khí quản, ống khí ](n) 38 Esophagus [ Phế quản ](n) 18 Thực quản http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 39 Small and large intestine... http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Veterinary specialization has become more common in recent years Currently 20 veterinary specialties are recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), including anesthesiology, behavior, dermatology, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, cardiology, oncology, neurology, radiology and surgery In order to become a specialist,... (n): Bệnh đục th y tinh thể ] (adj): 14 dermatology [ G y mê ] (n): 15 cardiology [ 16 oncology [ Dịch tễ học Bệnh ngoài da ] (n): Khoa tim mạch ] (n): Ung thư học 17 neurology [ ] (n): Khoa thần kinh học 18 radiology [ ] (n): Phóng xạ (X quang) 19 surgery [ ] (n): Phẫu thuật 20 rigorous [ ] (adj): Nghiêm khắc 35 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y III Exercise Practice... The capacity of the diets to provide sufficient indispensable (essential) amino acids and nitrogen for synthesis of dispensable (nonessential) amino acids determines the adequacy of a dietary protein level Although dispensable amino acids are needed for normal metabolism, dietary 22 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y sources are not usually required They can be obtained... oxygen while removing carbon dioxide * Contributes to balance of the blood via the acid-base its carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system Digestive tiny, Mouth, esophagus, stomach, 16 * Breaks down ingested foods to http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y small and large intestines, particles which can be absorbed in to the blood for delivery to the body, and accessory... http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y 4 What are the roles of endocrines in sexual reproduction activities? 5 What is estrus cycle? 6 How many egg does a cow normally ovulate in one estrus cycle? 7 Where were sperm cells made? Where were they stored and then activated? Practice 2 True or false statements 1 In mammals, the fertilization process occurs out side the body 2 In aquatic... individuals parents Gametes are haploid; they contain some genes from the individuals mother and some from the father Variation is advantageous to species in fluctuating environments Reproductive cycles Reproductive cycles in many vertebrates and invertebrates are related to changes in day length 28 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Day length is a reliable indicator of... The acrosome contains enzymes that play a role in breaking down the barrier surrounding the egg 30 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y The middle piece contains mitochondria needed to generate ATP necessary to operate the flagella The tail contains microtubules arranged in the 9+2 arrangement typical of eukaryotic cells Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive ... may have as many as million primary oocytes 31 http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Approximately 300,000-400,000 primary oocytes remain at time of puberty;... Physiology and Biochemistry Animal Genetics – Breeding - Feed Animal husbandry science http://www.ebook.edu.vn Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Infectious Pathology Veterinary... Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y Veterinary specialization has become more common in recent years Currently 20 veterinary specialties are recognized by the American Veterinary