Rules of Pronunciation VOWEL /i:/ -ea Ex: east, beam, seat, heat….Exception: break, breakfast, great, measure, treasure, heavy -ee Ex: see, free, agree, matinee…Exception: been -e + consonant + e Ex: cede, scene, supervene -e Ex: be, she, we, secret, Egypt, evil… -c/s + ei + consonant Ex: seize, ceiling, receipt, deceive… -ese (quốc tịch) Ex: Vietnamses, Chinese… -ie Ex: grief, believe, relief, grievous….Exception: friend, science /i/ Noun (2syllables) ending with “age” Ex: village, luggage, damage, message… -ear /iə/ Ex: hear, clear, tear… Exception: to tear, learn… -eer /iə/ Ex: beer, deer, engineer… -ier /iə/ ier + consonant Ex: bier, pier… -ere/iə/ Ex: here, coherent, we’re, sincere…Exception: were, where, there… - 1syllable + i + consonant Ex: bit, sit, dim, grin, him, twin… -e tiếp đầu ngữ: be, de, re, ex, e, ej, em, en, pre Ex: begin, become, decide, renew, return, predict, report, enslave, defrost, remind… - Vài vĩ ngữ: -ate, -y, -ly, -ey, -ive, -et, -let Ex: market, donkey, friendly, climate, temperate… - England, give, pyramid, minute, busy, women, busy, business, to live… /a:/ & /æ/ 3.1 /a:/ -ar Ex: sharp, far, cart, lark, smart…Exception: scarce, quart, sparrow - half, father, calm, clerk, heart… 3.2 /æ/ -a + consonant (1 syllable) Ex: rank, cat, thanks, tan, map, chasm, fan… - have, laugh, aunt… /ʌ/ -o (stressed syllable) Ex: come, other, among, mother, company… -o + consonant + e (sometime) Ex: dove, glove -ou- (most) Ex: young, flourish, couple, tough, touch… -u- + consonant (cuối từ: ug, uck, ust, lung; đầu từ: un, um) Ex: but, cup, dust, skull, sun, run, gun, cult, uneasy, umbrella, must, duck… (dễ nhầm với /u/) /e/ -e + consonant (except “r”) (1syllable or stressed syllable) Ex: bed, get, send, met, tender, eleven, extend… -ead Ex: bread, head, dead, lead (n)… Exception: to lead - Sometimes, ending with eath, ealth, eat Ex: breath, wealth, feather, threat….Exception: beneath… -air, are /eə/ Ex: chair, air, hair, care, hare -any, breasts, to bury, leisure, deaf, pleasant, heifer, pear, malaria, weapon… /ɔ:/ - all: tận + 1syllable Ex: call, ball, wall, stall, squall….Exception: shall, allied, altitude, alcohol… - au Ex: fault, launch, audience, maunder, naughty, laundry… Exception: laugh, aunt… - aw Ex: law, awful, dawn, crawl, tawny… - wa Ex: wall, water, forewarn….Exception: waste - or/os Ex: born, thorn, adorn, mordant, portrait, lost, cost, cross…Exception: ghost.… - oar/ore Ex: store, board, roar, hoarse… - ough/ our Ex: sour, mourn, bought, thought, fought… Exception: our, flour, hour, floury - door, floor, /ɔ/ - o: 1syllable/ stressed syllable + consonant (phần lớn) Ex: dot, logic, nod, sob, often, document, Exception: dona - ock Ex: clock, lock… - ong Ex: long, strong, wrong Exception: among - don’t, gone /u/ - ould Ex: should, could, would, - u + consonants Ex: full, bull, push, bullet… (dễ nhầm với /^/) - woman, wolf - oo + consonant /u:/ - ew: tận Ex: drew, flew, brew… - ui Ex: bruise, juice, recruit, ruin,….Exception: mosquito - ue u + consonant + e Ex: dune, clue, glue, ruler… - o o + consonant (một vài)Ex: do, who, whom, whose, tomb… - oo -oo + consonant /u/ foot cook, book, look, good, wood, stood, Wool, whoosh hook, took hood /u:/ soot, boot, No food, goose, mood booth, cool, coop, soon, root booby, Google, doom /^/ blood, flood No loo, bamboo 10 /ə:/ - er (stressed syllable), ir, ur Ex: stir, girl, serve, error, burglar - w + or + consonant Ex: world, worm… - ear + consonant Ex: learn, heard, pearl… (see /i/) 11 /ə/ - e, a, o (unstressed syllable in a word with many syllables) Ex: national, capacity, chicken, open, sentence, bosom, control, compare… - ar, er, or, ure (unstressed syllable….) Ex: awkward, writer, doctor, literature…Exception: “ar” sau “w” (war, ward…) - ion, ian /n/ Ex: nation, Canadian - woman, American, ... loo, bamboo 10 /ə:/ - er (stressed syllable), ir, ur Ex: stir, girl, serve, error, burglar - w + or + consonant Ex: world, worm… - ear + consonant Ex: learn, heard, pearl… (see /i/) 11 /ə/ - e,... sour, mourn, bought, thought, fought… Exception: our, flour, hour, floury - door, floor, /ɔ/ - o: 1syllable/ stressed syllable + consonant (phần lớn) Ex: dot, logic, nod, sob, often, document, Exception: