đồ án động cơ đốt trong

Ch nbuo g 6txoay16cdnlamchothoidiemchayhoimuonmotchut satdiemchettre ,viv~ytrongthoigia chayabuo gchaychinh,pitto gb~t dfiudix o g,nhietdemoichatsegiarndogianno ahanchSS\ J'hinhthanhNOx,

DOAND<) N GCODOTTRO N G_MHOMS 8 LOPDHOT4TL

G VHD_TH A Y GIA O : HO ANGN GO C D V O G

LOINOIDAU

Cungvoisuphattriennhanhch n cuanenkinht€,oto atrothanhphiro gti~ th n dungcu

a a C O'qua ,doanhnghiepvacanhan.Tuyvayotov§nlataisanIonVaviectimhieuVatnhtoanthietk€

don CO'0toladi€ ritcfinthi€td6ivoisinhvie C O'k id n hrc,kyS Uoto.

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h€cungc6laicackienthircdahoctrongcacmonhocnhuNguyenlymay,Chiti€tmay,VekythuatCO'k

hi.,vagiupsinhvie c6cainhin

t6 gquanvSviecthi€tk€ o gCO' Quadobanthi€tk€"Dfiandc}n CO'd ttrong"dagiupchungtaphan

naoc6th€hinhdungraduceeachtinhtoan,trinhtuthi€tk ramotdo gCO'd6ttron Vadiroidaylabanth

i€tk€d6andon C O'd6ttro gmatoidaapdungnhirngkienthircv€tinhtoandongCO' ,nguyenlydon C O'd

6ttrong,K€tdudo gC O' .dethi€tk€.Themvaod6,tron quatrinhthuchienc csinhvienc6th€ 6sung

vahoanthienkynangveAutoCad,dieurfttcfinthietvoimotsinhvie CO'khido gIve

Toichanthanhcama Th~yHoangNgocDuong,cacth~ycovacacba k oaCO'k id n Ive

dagiupd5'emritnhieutro gquatrinhthirchiend6an.Voikienthircconhanhep,vivaythieus6tladi€

khongth€tranhkhoi,emritmongnha duocykie nrthaycovacacban.

2

GVH D _ TH A YGIA.O:HO AN GNGO C D V ONG

CH U ONGI:GI01THI~ U CHU N GV E D<) N GCO

A.GIOITHI~UD<)NGCOTHI E TKEV A Ll/ACHQ N PH U ONG AN :

1 Daedi ~ mdon CO'thi~tke :

D o g cathi€tk€ladongcaSVMK-AA,4ki ,4xylanhd ceb trithiinghan (!4)

+Con su tdanhn h ia:N e0=70,9Kw

+T6cdovongquay anhn hi a:nn=5800(v/ph)

92)

Duocsirdungtrenxe6t6SYMV5-SC3A2

2 T6 chu · cquatrinhchay:

a Loainhienlieu:

Nhienlieudungchodon c alaxang.(Xangkh6ngchic6trisooctan

Cacthanhph.lnc6trongnhi e nli e u :C,H, 0 ,S[l,tr.39]

Nhie le Thanhp ank 6ihro g

Kh6ihrongPhantu

-Ch nbuong 6tkiS 16cxoay,boivitron p arnv o gcuat6cde) o gCO',nh ien)~uvak o g hiv§ndUQ'Cphoihophoato VO'inhautaorah akhit6t

Do gxoay16cducetaorakhinenc6cu n de)Ionho sovoid ngxoayd octaorakhinap,nenh

oak id o taoranhanhhon.Viv~ykScakhiphunnhienlieur§ttr~,q atrinhchayv§n €tthuckipthoiva

d ngCO'c6thSchayCYt6cde)cao.M~tkhacs6man liraxuftthien lutie trongvoiphunmot16fth n hi€

u

3

Blnhnhi~ n li¢u

B a rnn hil'm li e u

sovoivoiphunnhiSu18,nho ogiarnd oct6cde)chay,t6cde)tangapkhichayvatieng6ncuad(>ngCO'.

Ch nbuo g 6txoay16cdnlamchothoidiemchayhoimuonmotchut

(satdiemchettre ),viv~ytrongthoigia chayabuo gchaychinh,pitto gb~t

dfiudix o g,nhietde)moichatsegiarndogianno ahanchSS\

J'hinhthanhNOx,c.He th6ngnh i enlie u :

Sudung ~tho gcungdpnhienleuxan phunxangdiSukhiendientu,lydoapsufttph n uocthuchienchom6ivoiphunmoteachriengle,nhienlieu psufttcaoduocphan hoidSntungkimphuntheoyeudu.LoiIchcuakimphunla

lamgiamrmrcde)tiengbn,nhienlieuducephunraaa suatrfttcaonhokStho

diSukhien i~ntu,kiernsoathron phun,thoidiemphun.Dodolamhieusuatdo gCO'vatinhkinhtSnhienlieucaohon

Nhienlieuducecungdptheohinhthircdadiem,thoidi€mcungdpvaliron nhienlieucungdpphuthuocvaochSde)heatdo gcuad n CO'.ECUnhantinhieutucaccambiSn(Cambiennhietde)khi

nap,Cambienhruhron khinap,Cambiennhietde)don CO' ,Cambiennhietde)nhienlieu,Cambienaps

uat,Cambienapsufttkhinap,Cambienvitribandapga,Cambienvitribiromgi6,Cam

bienvitritruecamv.v )girivS,saudophantichchede)hoatdongcuadon ca

vadieu hienth idiemvathoihro gphunnhienlieu

l

b rnnhl ~n11$u4

G VH D _ T H A Y GIA O : HO ANGN GO C D V O G

5

Hinh1:SO'd6dutaoh~th6ngnhi e nli~u:

Nguyenly hoatd{>ng:N hi en li e uO UQ'C b a rn c un gdptuthungc h ira l enduo g6 g th ft papd €

nl QC d S l oa ib ocacchatca n vamrocn e u c6r6 iI nb a rn c un g cap , ta id ay nhi e nli e ul a idiquam ot l QC ti nhd S a mb a onhi e n l e u ho an toa n S?

C M(H b a rnti € va n h acta ib a rn c un gd pnhi e nli e u vao h a ib uong n e nt aocaoap cu a ba rn cu ng

d pnhienli e u N hi en l eu t ruc ek hi vaob u n c aoa pdirocdi e ukh i en t h n qu av an voiti nhi e u c

un g c ptu ECU Viec taoaps u fttva phu n nhi en lieuh oa n t oan ta chb iervo inh a utron g h ~ th o g

A p s u a tp h nd u cetaora d (> cl ~ vo i t6 cd (>va hron g nh i enlieuphunra N hienl i eudirocdutrirvoia

ps u at c ao tr o gi cqu yt hu y Ive Lu o g phun ra du c equ y etdinhb o ib a nd a pch a n ga,t h o idi S mphu nclin g nhu a p sft pphundu c t inh t oanb i gECU du at r e nc a b i S d6 luutrfrtr e nn 6 S a u hi ECU

dieukhi e n imphunc uaca c vo i p hun ta im 6ixy l a nh d on g C O' d S phunnhi e nli e unh o th o g tin t uc

a ca mbi e n vo i a p s u ftt phunc 6 th S J e nd e n1 5 00b a r N hi e nli e uc o nthir as eh 6 iv e thun g chir a nhi e n lieu t h ong qu a rn ac hd ft uh 6 ib f> trftr e nkimphun.

Uudi~m:

+T i eu h ao nhi e nli eu th a p.

+ P h a tth a ikh fo nhi ern th ap.

+ Do n gCO' l a m v i ece md i u ,g i a rn d cet i eng n

+Ca i t hi e n tfn h na n gdo n gCO'.

i a mdiroct 6 nth ft tnh iet G iu pchodirongn a p t h i t h a nh t h at h o , khi € sireca n hf do n gg i a mnh

o , d6 n gt h o i doc6thSb t r f x p a ph opIf h nn e n c6t h ta n gt i €t di e nl u u t h n gcuado n gk h f.t u nhi e

n CO'd u x p a p t r eoto n ta im ots6 nhu gcd i S mnhu :cad u § d(> n gxupa p h ap h t'.rc t ?

p va J a m ta n gc hi e u caod(> n gCO' , n goa i raco nJ a m c h n ipxy ) an h tr a e nh €tSU'Cp h t'.rct?pvak h 6due.

4 3 2

Sird n p ir n phapdfindongbangcaduc m-cond(h-diiadAy

-donganh,viphiro gphapdfind n naych khanan b tritruecamanhi~u itri

thichhopho sovoidfind n tnrctiep

Hinh2:SO'd B d ut aoh t h & n gphanph & ikhi

Ng u ye n ly hoatd{>ng:khid o gca h e td9 n k eo b a nhr a n 1 6 d ~ n dong b a nh ra n t r u eca

mqu aykh i S n cacvft u cam b a nh ra n g13quay th eo V ft uc amdAyco nd 9i 12,d iia d Ay 11dil e n p d n

b ay6 qu ay qu a nh tr u e7 ti ep du oixupap ,q ua

Ota l oX 5e pl oXO 4 d d fryx up a p d ix u n ma C U'a t hong: kh idi nhVfi Uca m

tnrotqu a d ayco nd 9 ith i oXOxu p a p4, t h n qu a Ot a l oXO5 ftyx up a pdil endo n gcira th o gd6 n t

h o iqu ad nb fty6e p ii a d fty 11 vacond9i 1 2d i x o gd ~ dfry c o nd 9 i t i Spx u cvo ima t c m.

4 Heth6n2lammat:

Dong cach ic 6 t h ~ oat d n bi n thirongkhicacch i t iS tt iSpx uc voi bu o gc h ayc6 m otc

h S d nh ie tth ic hhop v i :

+NS unhi e td 9 qu a n n thidi €uk i e nb o i t r o se kern , a m c h oc a cc hiti S t c h n m o

n,kh e h ag itr a pitt o gseg i a rnd og i a nn o' nhi e tl amc h pit to n d bib 6ke tt ro n

xy l a nh

+NS unhi et d m at qu a rmr c l amc h nhi e n li eu h b a yh o iva c h a ykh o g ki etta o

mu o ith a nJamb 6 etvo n gga n gg a ygia m Co n gsuft t vata n ti e uh ao nhi e nli e u,

N hiemVt.Icu a ~ th o g l ammat l a l ftydis 6nhi e t d uth iracuacacc hit i St r6 i toas6 nhi e tn a y rab e nn goa i k o gk h i.

Tac h nh~th ong l ammatki ~ uki n : b o iv i h ~ th o g l ammatki ~ uk in t hiS ?

P va6 n in hch S 9nhi e t c6 l o inh atc h os ul a m v i e cuadongca a c h ed9ta i d i nhrmrcvac a c h s d9 kh a c,gi a m t 6nt hft t nhi etc h mr oc la mmat,tang h i e u s u ftt c h i thi, g i a rnh ao m o nl 6tx yl a nh-

l-thanmay;2-nipxyJanh;3-ducmgnUCYCrak 6idongCO';4-6 g ~nbot

IlUCYC;5-vanhan nhiet;6-ni rotIlUCYC;7-ketlammat;8-qU?tgio;9-puli;

10-6 gmrocn ititvaob rn;lI-duo gmrocvaod ngco;12-bommroc;13-ketlammatdau;

14-6 gphanphoimroc

N guyen lyhoatdqng: mroctuanhoan hob a rnmroc12,qua6n phanphdi

IlUO'C14vaocackhoangclnra acxylanh.Nurrelammatnhietde;,th§pdirocborn

12huttubinhchiraphiaduoicuaket7quaduo g6ng10r6iquaket13dSlammatd§ saudovaodc;, gCO'

DSphanphoimroclammatd€uch m6ixylanh,mrocsaukhibornvaothanmay1 chayqua6n phanpho

i14duesgntrongthanmay.Saukhilammatxylanh,mrocJenlammatnipmayr6itheoduong6ng3rakhoidongc avoinhietd caod€ vanhan nhiet5.khivanhangnhietm a,mroc

quavanvaobinhchiraphiatrencuaketmroc.Ti€ptheomroctubinhchiraphiatrendiquaca 6 gm6 gc

6gincac anhtannhiet.Taidaymrocd celammatboid ngkh ngkhiquaketdoquat8taora.QuatdUQ'Cd~ndon ban pulitut11,1ckhuyudongCO'.Taibinhcluraphiadiro'icuaketlammat,mrocconhietde;,th§

plaidUQ'Cb rnhutvaodongCO'thuchienmotchutrinhlammattuanhoan

Duad§ud€ncacb€matmasatdSb itonb€mat,locsachnhirngtapc §tlft tron d unho t§ynr

acacb m?tmasatnayvalammatd§unho dSdambaotinhnan h6alycua 6

Lammatcacb€matmasatvabaov~cacchitietk 6 g ioxyth6ab mat

Baokin heh giirapitt6 gvaxylanh,giftaxe mangvapitt6 g

Dungphuonganb6itron uongbirccactetrot:d~unhontron h tho g 6itronduocb rnd~udf

ryd ncacbSm~tmasatduoimotapsu§.tnhatdinh,dodohoantoancoth€ ambaoyeuduboitro ,amm

atvat:iynracacbSm~tmasat

Vaxehoatdo gad n hien k 6 glonl~mnendungphiro ganb6itroncuo gbirccactetr ot SO'd6 d u tao :

p mp(circulatesoil)

©20 07En cyc l o aed i a B r i t ann i c , I nc.

Hinh4.SO'd6duta oh~th6 gboitroncutrn bfrccacteu6t

1-cacted§u;2-bO'md§u;3-vanantoan;4-quetharndo;5-banhran trunggian;6

-binhloclytam;7-vannhiet;8-ketlammat;9-van6nap;Itl-truccam;11-don h6doapsuatdau;1

2-tn,icgiancanbfryxupap;13-duangdfiuchinh;14-khoangchirad utrongch6tkh yu;15

-tfl,lckhuyu;lri-mieng h€ud6dau

Nguyenl y h oatd(> g:barndfiu h tdfiutucacte1d~dua fiuc6apsuattoibinhloc6,saud6 uak

etammat8d€ndiro g §uchinh13.Tudiro gd§uchinh,d uc6apsufitdivao16khoantrenthanmayd€

nboitro cacc6chinhvacac6d truecam.Tucacc6chinhd§udivaocac16xientrentruekhuyud€nkh6

ggianr6 g14trongch tk uyur6itud6d§usachdivaob itronbacd§utothanhtruyenvachotkhuyu.Caccanbfrnlftntrong § ducegiftlaim~tthanhxatamquaycuakh6nggian14nhotacdunglytamcuad uq

uaytheotruekhuyu.Tuduo g § chinhconCOmotdirongd udftntoitruer6n 12CUagianc§nb yxu

pap,tud d udib6itronc cbaccuadnbay,matducuavit i~uchinhkhehoxupap,saud6nrchaydoctheodiiadfryxu n b itro cond9ivavaucamcuatI1,1ccam

U u di~m :dambaob itont6tcac6truedoc16giamOUQ'Crnaimonvat6nthatmasat,tan tu6ith

1l ·

.1~ I

H inh5 : S O'd 6 d u t a oh ~t h6n g kh rr i d{> n g

l-maykhoidon ; 2-icquy ; 3-congtickhoidong;4-d<)n c a d i~nkhoidon ; 5-ralekeo ; diad n tiepdien ; 7 - cuondaycuarolekeo;8-loithep ; 9-16XO h ivi;10-

6-d ndon banhran khoidon ; ll-nanggat ; 12-banhrangkhoidon ; vanhran banhda,

N gu y enIihoatd{>ng:khid o gkh6akhoido g3sec6d n dienquacuondaydi~ntu7k eoJoitu8san trai.M9tdftucuaJo ug~nvoidiadongtiSpdiem

6 , dftukhacn ivoitayd n11 , d ndo g anhrangkh ido g12.khidiad6ng6n itiepdiemcuad ngCO'khoido g thid6 gthoibanhran 12ciingvaoankhopvoivanhran 13trenbanhda.Trued

o gCO'dien4quayselamcapban ran 12,13quaytheothuchienk oidong o gCO' t6.Sau hi mayda 6 , ngatkh6akhoido g3 , dtd n dienvaocu ndientu7 , hrchutJoitutriertieunenIveloXO

9d~ytayd n11gatbanhrang12sangtrai C~ttruyendo ggiiracapbanhran 12va13kStthuckh oidong.

CH U ONGII:TINHTOAN N HI~TD() N GCODOTTRO N G

A.CHO N cAcTHONG so CHOTR U OCC U ADO N GCO :

1 LoaidongCO':

B.CHON c A c THONG so TiNHTOA.NNHIET:

Pr=Pch+Li Prtron d :Pihl aapsufttkhithairango i

Li Prl aapsu~th~tthoatquax ppap a.duong6ngxa

Th ngthtro g rd c xacdinhtheoc6 gthircthuc ghiern:Pr=(0,11

-0,12)MPa(2-2)([2],30)

ch nPr=0,11MPa=l,12 ar

-N~ua =

' <M 0=>h nho. pgiaunhienlie. u.nhienlie.uchayd d . it6c

d9chaytan apsrnhtangchaycan nhanhnhungkh6 gchayS?

Chh~tnhienlieulamonhiSmmo nrong

TrangtinhtoannhietDCDTd6ivoidon c axangkhongc6b lamd~mthia=l,0-1,1([2),34)

16.Ty s6tangap(,1, p )

Latis6giitaapsufttcuoiquatrlnhchayvoiapsufttcu iquatrinhne

Pr=l,12 ar;Pa=0,927bar

Tk=3 2°K·, ~T=l5°K-,Tr=1000°K

Trongdo:µ n ,latron hro gphantucuanhienlieu

(1],50)V6ia= 0 ,9tatinhdirocµeve =21,12+3,08.10-3.T z

+u : 18,423+2 , 596a+(1,55+1,38a)10-3.T,(KJ/kmold9)(2-2 )

([1],50)TatinhduocA vz=20,76+2,79.10-3.i:

Thaycacth n s6nayvaocon thirc(2-23)tatinhduce:

n,cAcTHO N G so D AN HGIACHUTRI N HCO N GT A cv A s tr L A M

T ra n d rp d= 0 , 93 l a h s6d i e nd A d 6t hi co n

=> P ; = 0 , 93 7, 0 5 = 6,56 b ar

c.Su § ttieuhaonhienli e uchithi:

( g/ KW h )(2 - 3 ) ( [l ] , 55)Tadac6duce :

p o = l ,03 b ar ; T o = 302 ° K ; M1 = 0 , 4 7 (Kmo l / k g nl ) ;1J v=0 , 72 ; p i = 6,56 b ar

3 104.N

M e =n ne( N m) (2 - 36)([ 1 ] , 59)

:::}M=3 10 4 7 , 9 4 =11 673( N m)eJr5800'

CHUONGIII:DVNGD~CTINHNGOAICUAD<)NGCO

1.Khaiguat:

Du g ~ctinhngoaicuadon CO'l aruel ataxaydungd6thibieuthisirtuong

quan itraNe;Me;Gn1voit6cd(>cuadongC O'Ilekhibuorngamahoantoan

Tron d6:~=251(g/kWh)=0,389(kg/kWh);Ne[kW]:

CHUONGV:D(>NGL V CHQC ca c A u KHUY U TRT)CTH A NHTR U YE N

-

-0 - ~ vv

-<p =360°=>P j= -m ai R(l+,i) = - , 25 14 , 35.575 , 96 2 0 , 0385 = - 229Kn 2 00

~ -Pj(kN) 1 ~r - -=:::;;;;+;;;;;;:::

: -100 5 0 ~ 0 -5 100 ~' -~ - -+-P kN) - 1 0 _,._

- 200 -~ - -~-

2 0

- 3 00 - - -

3 5 0

-b.LU'Cguantinhchuy ~ ndongquay:

P v= m al R(5- 3)( [ 2 ] , 76)

4

=>Pv= 4 3 , 05.575 , 96 2 0 , 0385 = 549,82kN

c T6 n gIU'Ct a cdun g l e npitt o n g :

<p =o0=>P= 3 , 2 -22 9= -225 , 74kN

<p =9 °=>P= 3 ,2 6 + 45 ,8 = 49 , 06kN

<p l80°=>P= 3 , 26 + 137 , 4 5 = 1 40 , 7 1 kN

tp =270°=>P = 3 , 26 + 45 , 8 = 49 , 06k N

<p =3 0°=>P = 3 , 26-229 = - 2 2 5 , 7 4Kn

-+-1- - +-

- -

-P(kN) 200 ~

-1 ~~ -::: :;;;;;4~ =-

-100

+ -5 0

+ -0 + 4 ~~ ~- - ~

400-+-P { k N ) - 50 - 100 +- 1- - - -

1 0 -

200

- 2 0

d T h a nhph i nlrr c ti ~ ptu y~ n T :

Ps in (/J + (f))

T= ( 5-5 )( [ 3 ]5 )

c o s/J '

T ra b a n ( 0 - 5) [ 3 ] , 36 )

qJ= 0 ° ~T=O

(f)= 9 ° ~T= P = 49, 0 6 N

(f)= 18 ° ~T= O

(f) = 2 0 ° ~T=- P=- 4 , 0 6kN

qJ = 3 0 ° ~T= O

1.Huong D ft nD 6A n D ( m gCaD 6 tT ro n

-TS V y HfruThanh ,T h s ViiAnh Tu ft n• Nha x ftt b a nH 9cV i ~ nKT T h ~t Qu a n S tr HaN<) i1 999.

2 Hu o g D ft nD 6 A nD <) gCaD 6 tT ro n -V a nThiB 6 n , V y HiruT h nh N gu y e

Di nhH u g - N h aX u ft tB a n DAIH Q C Q U OCG IATPH C M 200 7

3 K S t C auD o gCaD 6 t T ron g - P GS.TSNg u ye n V anPhun g

-N h ax u ft tb a nD A IHQ C CONGNG H I ~ P TPH C M

[ 2] Hlf6 N GD ANDO AN M O N HQ C DQ NGC ODOT T RO NG T s : VY

HUU TH AN H ( h k thu at qu a n s ir)