274 Chapter 16 Whitening teeth or eyes Another use for the Replace Color command is to whiten teeth or the whites of the eyes in a portrait photo You will select those problem areas in the document before using the dialog to correct the discoloration To whiten the teeth or eyes in a portrait photo: Open a portrait photo, and duplicate the Background Zoom in on the area to be corrected, then either of the following: A We used the Quick Selection tool to select the teeth Choose the Quick Selection tool, then drag to create a tight selection of the teeth A or of the white areas of both eyes Paint a Quick Mask on the teeth, then restore the document to Standard mode (Q) The mask will be converted to a selection (see page 167) Optional: Save the selection to an alpha channel (see page 160) With a selection tool chosen, click Refine Edge on the Options bar In the Refine Edge dialog, click View: On White, increase the Feather value to soften the edge of the selection slightly, then click OK Choose Image > Adjustments > Replace Color Click the Eyedropper tool in the Replace Color dialog,B then click the selection in the document window To add more white areas to the selection, move the Fuzziness slider, or Shift-click or drag across those areas Optional: Check Localized Color Clusters to limit the selection to contiguous colors To desaturate the selected area and remove the off-white tinge, reduce the Saturation (you can use the scrubby slider); and to brighten the selected area, increase the Lightness slightly B We refined the selection using the Eyedropper tool in the Replace Color dialog Click OK Deselect the selection.C ➤ To remove facial “hot spots” (shiny areas), as in the photo at right, see page 280 ➤ To save your Replace Color settings for use in other documents, click Save C The teeth were whitened using the settings shown in the dialog above — no whitening strips were needed! Retouching 275 Using the Surface Blur filter Using the Surface Blur filter, you can easily smooth out skin pores or mottled surfaces on objects To smooth skin or other surfaces: Press Ctrl-J/Cmd-J to duplicate the Background in an image that needs some surface smoothing.A Choose Filter > Blur > Surface Blur The Surface Blur dialog opens Check Preview Choose a low Threshold value (try 3–6) to blur only low-contrast areas, such as the cheeks and forehead in a portrait, while preserving the contrast in key details, such as the facial features To soften skin (cheeks, forehead again), choose a Radius of around 6–12, or just to the point that the desired degree of smoothing is reached If the Radius is too low, the posterizing effect of the filter may make the skin look blotchy A The pores on this woman’s skin look too prominent Readjust the Threshold to increase or decrease the amount of blurring in low-contrast areas Too much smoothing could make a face look artificial — but then again, this whole task is a lesson in artifice! Click OK.B Optional: To restore details from the original image, either lower the opacity of the duplicate layer slightly or follow the next instructions ➤ We don’t recommend applying the Surface Blur filter as a Smart Filter (to a Smart Object), because if further retouching were needed, you wouldn’t be able see the smoothing effect onscreen B The Surface Blur filter successfully smoothed the skin texture while keeping the facial features crisp (we chose a Radius setting of pixels and a Threshold setting of levels for our 300 ppi file) Compare the cheeks and undereye areas in this image with those in figure A You can selectively restore details that were blurred from the Surface Blur filter by applying strokes to a layer mask To restore details selectively after using the Surface Blur filter: With the duplicate layer selected, click the Add Layer Mask button on the Layers panel Choose the Brush tool (B or Shift-B) On the Options bar, choose a small Soft Round brush and an Opacity of 80–90% With black as the Foreground color, draw strokes on any areas you want to restore sharpness to, such as the lips, eyes, eyebrows, or hair in a portrait.C To restore the blur effect to areas that you mask unintentionally, paint with white C We painted with black on a layer mask to restore facial details from the underlying layer 276 Chapter 16 Retouching by cloning imagery From the Sample menu, choose All Layers to sample pixels from all the visible layers that are directly below the pointer where you Alt-click/ Option-click (see the sidebar on the next page) You can use the Clone Stamp tool to clone imagery within the same document or between documents To retouch a photo by cloning imagery: Open an RGB document.A Choose the Clone Stamp tool Optional: If the document contains adjustment layers and you want the Clone Stamp tool to ignore their effects when sampling, activate the Ignore Adjustment Layers When Cloning button (S or Shift-S) On the Options bar,B the following: Click the Brush Preset picker arrowhead, then click a Soft Round brush Optional: If you have a stylus and tablet, you can activate the Tablet Pressure Controls Opacity button and/or the Tablet Pressure Controls Size button ★ Choose a blending Mode Choose an Opacity percentage Choose a Flow percentage to control the rate of application Check Aligned to maintain the same distance between the source point and the area that you drag across, even if you release the mouse, switch modes, or switch brushes between strokes (to clone a large area seamlessly); or uncheck Aligned to resample from the original source point each time you release the mouse (to produce repetitive clones of a smaller area) Press [ or ] to scale the brush to suit the area to be cloned Create a new, blank layer in the target document, and keep it selected In the source document (which can be a different document or the same one), Alt-click/Option-click the area to be cloned to establish a source point.C Drag the Clone Stamp tool back and forth to make the cloned pixels appear You will see two pointers onscreen: crosshairs over the source point and A We want to remove the metal pipes from the side of the building and add more leaves to fill in the front of the trellis C We Alt-clicked/Option-clicked with the Clone Stamp tool to sample a blank area of the wall B We chose these Options bar settings for the Clone Stamp tool Retouching the brush pointer where you drag the mouse.A Imagery from the source point will display inside the brush cursor.B Note: If the whole layer displays in the overlay as you clone, show the Clone Source panel, then check Clipped Optional: To establish a new source point to clone from, Alt-click/Option-click a different area in the source document.C–D You can also change Options bar settings for the Clone Stamp tool between strokes ➤ To create a “double-exposure” effect, with underlying pixels partially showing through the cloned ones, choose a low Opacity percentage for the Clone Stamp tool 277 ➤ To keep track of multiple source documents while using the Clone Stamp tool, use the Clone Source panel (see pages 248–249) SAMPLING LAYERS With Sample: All Layers checked/chosen on the Options bar for the current editing tool, the tool will sample pixels from all the visible layers (and send the results to the current layer) If the currently selected layer is a new, blank layer (as in step on the preceding page), you’ll be able to show and hide the results of your edits — or erase any unwanted edits — at any time B We’re continuing to sample the wall and clone away the pipe Multiple sampling prevents a noticeable (tacky!) repetition of the texture A We’re dragging with the Clone Stamp tool to replace the wire and pipe with pixels from the blank wall D Compare this final image with the original one on the preceding page C We’re sampling the vine leaves because we want to add more leaves to the front of the trellis ... Clone Stamp tool between strokes ➤ To create a “double-exposure” effect, with underlying pixels partially showing through the cloned ones, choose a low Opacity percentage for the Clone Stamp tool