Divergent Plate Boundaries Oceanic Rifts Continental Rifts Extensional Tectonics Generation of new Oceanic Crust Decompression Melting Permian ~ 280 Ma Jurassic ~ 200 Ma K-T Boundary ~ 65 Ma Now Northern Anatolian Fault Volcanic Abundance vs Tectonic Setting Hot Spots Evidence for Mantle Plumes •Stationary activity – suggesting a deep root Oceanic Hot Spots Mantle Plumes and Plate Tectonics Thermal Fragmentation of a Supercontinent Th n Distal Cooling effects Distal Cooling effects Mantle n Mantle Melts Partial Melts Cooling effects Cooling effects Mantle n Mafic Magnetism Flood Basalts Gravity Collapse Gravity Collapse Mantle Melts Partial Melts Divergent Flow g Flow Divergent Mantle PANGEA Relative Plate Velocities Plate Velocities from GPS data Absolute Plate Velocities What Drives Plate Tectonics ???? Fuel What Drives Plate Tectonics ???? Forces Mantle Crust Plate Driving Forces Slab Pull Ridge Push [...]... Continental Rifting Passive Continental Margin Convergent Plate Boundary Highest Mt Everest ~ 30,000 ft Lowest Marianas M i T Trench h ~ -36,000 ft Convergent Environments Earthquakes and Volcanoes Ocean – Ocean Convergence Japan Island Arc Ocean – Continental... Wedge Andes Mountains Ocean Continent Ocean Continent Continent Continent Continent – Continent Convergence India-Asia IndiaCollision Continent – Continent Convergence India-Asia IndiaCollision Tibet Plateau Average Elevation ~15.000 ft Fold Thrust Fold Thrust Belts Fold Thrust Fold Thrust Belts Suspect Terranes Time 1 Time 2 Ti Suspect Terranes ... Orogenic CrossCross-Section Transform Faults Transform Faults Oceanic Transform Faults Transform Plate Boundaries Northern Anatolian Fault Northern Anatolian Fault Volcanic Abundance vs Tectonic Setting... Convergence India-Asia IndiaCollision Continent – Continent Convergence India-Asia IndiaCollision Tibet Plateau Average Elevation ~15.000 ft Fold Thrust Fold Thrust Belts Fold Thrust Fold Thrust Belts... Jurassic ~ 200 Ma K-T Boundary ~ 65 Ma Now Continental Rifting Passive Continental Margin Convergent Plate Boundary Highest Mt Everest ~ 30,000 ft Lowest Marianas M i T Trench h ~ -36,000 ft Convergent