Automatic t shirt folding machine

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINEABSTRACT Our project ”AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE ” , the idea came into our mind by viewing the t.v.. AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE , is to d

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

GANPAT UNIVERSITY

U V Patel College of Engineering

Ganpat University, Kherva-382711

Ta & Dist.: Mehsana (North Gujarat) Ph.: 02762-286805, 286081

Fax (D): 286080 E-mail: info@uvpce.ac.in Web: www.uvpce.ac.in

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING

MACHINE

Project Report

DEEPAK SHROFF (09MC116) ABHAY ODHPAL (09MC127) PARESH SOMANI (0MC130)

Towards partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of Degree of “Bachelor of

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING” of “GANPAT UNIVERSITY” This is

the record of candidates own work carried out by them under our supervision & guidance In our opinion the work submitted has reached a level required for being accepted for exam The matter embodied in this project has not been submitted to any other university or institute

Project Report on

“ AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE”

Submitted By:

DEEPAK SHROFF (09MC116) ABHAY ODHPAL (09MC127) PARESH SOMANI (09MC130)

Assistant Professor, Head of Department,

Mechatronics Engineering Department, Mechatronics Engineering Department,

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

U.V Patel College of Engineering, U.V Patel College of Engineering, Kherva, Mehsana Kherva, Mehsana

1.1.1 Index

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION DEFINITION OF PROJECT

BACKGROUND OF PROJECT

2.CONCEPT

3.DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.1 HOW DID WE START MAKING THIS PROJECT 3.2 CONSTRUCTION AND FABRICATION

3.3 DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT 3.4 PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

4 WORKING AND RESULTS

5 PROBLEM FACED DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN

6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

7 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS

8 FURURE SCOPES

9 REFERENCES

Our project has been a result of our own hard work but this project could not have become a reality without the support and help of many of our friends and faculty members We take this opportunity to acknowledge their help and thank them for their goodwill

We would like to thank our Principal and Head of Department Shri J.P.PATEL for his

unwavering support and kind co-operation He has been a great teacher and true mentor to us throughout our degree

We would also like to thank our project guide Shri S.G.PATEL for his support and conceptual

help at various technical problems We’ve had the opportunity of being his students during three semesters and have learnt a great deal from him The very concept of the project as well as its realization would not have been possible without him

We would also like to acknowledge and thank the efforts of Shri D.K.SONI for helping us

during making of this project

Lastly we would like to thank all the faculty members of Mechatronics department for their

support throughout the year

Apart from our faculty members we’ve also gained a lot of experience and expertise from interacting with our classmates and friends We would like to thank them all for being with us in this journey and making it memorable

DEEPAK SHROFF (09MC116)

ABHAY ODHPAL (09MC127)

PARESH SOMANI (09MC130)

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

ABSTRACT

Our project ”AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE ” , the idea came into our mind by viewing the t.v serial ‘BIG BANG THEORY’ in which one scientist name Sheldon Cooper used such kind of t-shirt folding flaps to fold his t-shirts We thought of making this machine by operating it automatically

Then we searched for existence of such kind of machines, and we found that there is a company

in Greece that makes automatic T-shirt folding machine and the name of the company is

‘THERMOTRON’

Initially we thought of making the project related to automatic car parking but the problem related to Image Processing was faced by us So we thought of making the T-Shirt folding machine

T-shirt folding machine aims at substantially contributing to increasing high-quality output of textile products and especially ready-made clothes such as t-shirts, jeans, trousers, shirts, Punjabi suits etc., to cater the needs of manufacturing units which have a capacity of producing 30000-

40000 t-shirts per day

optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services The correct incentive for applying automation is to increase productivity, and/or quality beyond that possible with current human labor levels so as to realize economies of scale, and/or realize predictable quality levels In the scope of industrialisation, automation is a step beyond mechanization Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements while increasing load capacity, speed, and repeatability Automation plays an increasingly important role

in the world economy and in daily experience

Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing (where it began) Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and answering machines Medical processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems Automated teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions In general, automation has been responsible for the shift in the world economy from industrial jobs to service jobs in the 20th and 21st centuries

The main advantages of automation are:

• Increased throughput or productivity

• Improved quality or increased predictability of quality

• Improved robustness (consistency), of processes or product

• Increased consistency of output

• Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses

The following methods are often employed to improve productivity, quality, or robustness

• Install automation in operations to reduce cycle time

• Install automation where a high degree of accuracy is required

• Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.[3]

• Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.)

• Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc

• Economic improvement: Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of humanity For example, when an enterprise invests in automation, technology recovers its investment; or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century

• Reduces operation time and work handling time significantly

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

• Frees up workers to take on other roles

• Provides higher level jobs in the development, deployment, maintenance and running of the automated processes

In garment industries, we already have screen printers, knitting machines, automatic looms, packing machines to easy the work intensity of industries, reduce the labours, and hence increase the overall production rate of the industry

But what if folding of clothes is also possible automatically?

Driven by such curiosity, we start our adventure trying to find a more scientific & technological way to get easier folding of clothes

T-shirt folding machine aims at substantially contributing to increasing high-quality output of textile products and especially ready-made clothes such as t-shirts, jeans, trousers, shirts, Punjabi suits etc., to cater the needs of manufacturing units which have a capacity of producing 30000-40000 t-shirts per day

Besides designing the machine, it also aims at improving price per performance ratio Our project i.e AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE , is to develop a more efficient and easy cloth folding method by trying different methodologies and advanced tools to completely eliminate the size variation of a fold, to substantially reduce the number of labours needed and to reduce the time consumed to fold the t-shirts to a great extent

Manual t-shirt folding flaps were already available in the market as shown in figure below

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

Here also, we can completely eliminate the variations in the fold of a t-shirt, but since it

is manual, so time consumed was not reduced much Also as many labours were required

as much required by the simple traditional t-shirt folding process

That is why, we decided to automate the process of t-shirt folding by using concepts mentioned below

We used electronic circuit to signal the pneumatic valves, which controlled the actuation

of pneumatic cylinder

These pneumatic cylinders were used to actuate the flaps

Also, not any proper positioning of this manual folding flaps was possible, but in automatic t-shirt folding machine we have made a dedicated table with base considering the ergonomics of the average human height

We have made the base detachable so, that only the base is needed to change for changing the variation in the sizes and the variety of clothes (for example:- shirts, pants, jackets, ladies suit etc.)

Only thing we need to change is to change the mode of machine i.e to change the mode from t-shirt folding to shirt folding or pant folding and so on

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

How did we start making this project !!!

First stage experiment:-

After absorbing the critical experience of the first experiment by folding the t-shirt with the help

of bare hands, we come to a conclusion that the T-shirt which has lines made by folding will leads to unrealistic and false appearance

It also took too long to to get folded and all the t-shirts were having some variation in their sizes

as were observed when stack of ten t-shirts were made

Second stage experiment :-

The designed experiments which introduce tools were conducted During this phase we tried folding the t-shirt using cardboard flaps

FINALLY, we decided to automate the whole process by using electronic circuit made using a microcontroller (AT 89 C 51) and pneumatic cylinders

Pictures of initial work are shown below

We tried to make t-shirt folding flaps with the help of waste cardboard pieces and we were succeded in folding the t-shirt

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

CONSTRUCTION

Fabrication

1 We made one base as shown in figure

2 Drilling of holes on this stand of base to attach it to the main table with the help of nuts and bolts

The table is as shown below

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

3 Then we started designing the flaps

The size of flaps were chosen as per the average size of t-shirt, folded t-shirt and size of the packaging bag available in the market

Flaps were designed as shown below

The red coloured joints as shown in figure are hinge joints

Dimensions of the flaps are as follows

4 These flaps were mounted over the plate which will be attached over the base so as to make a perfect top

It is also shown in figure below

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

5 Some slots were made on the base plate so as to create some space for actuator (pneumatic cylinder) to actuate

Holes were also drilled over this plate to attach flaps over it and also to attach this plate to the main base

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

Complete setup after fabrication work is as shown below

Also, the wooden base is attached 55 c.m below the main base for mounting pneumatic cylinders

7 SolidWorks Design of mechanism used to connect the actuators with flaps are as shown Cylinders are mounted vertically over the wooden base below the main base They are mounted with the help of pivot joints so that cylinder can also oscillate about the axis perpendicular to the stroke of cylinder as shown

Total actuation angle is the sum of the angle of oscillation of cylinder and the angle which the joint make with the flap

The above mentioned joint connects the flap to the cylinder It is fixed to the plate and again, it is connected to the cylinder in pivoted manner

This total actuation angle is nothing but the angle by which flap revolves or sweeps around its axis from its home position ( home position i.e lying horizontally on the base plate at 180 when ,cylinder is completely at its home position )

We approximately get the angle of actuation of around 150 which is sufficient to get a perfect fold of the t-shirt

Electronic circuit design and construction

• To rotate the flap automatically through Pneumatic cylinder a MICROCONTROLLER or PLC is required

• But from them we had used MICROCONTROLLER Because it reduce cost of project

• To operate Pneumatic cylinder automatically a Solenoid Valve is required

• To operate Solenoid valve, interfacing of controller with Solenoid Valve is used

• For our application, we had used ATMEGA 8 MICROCONTROLLER

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

• For interfacing, number of electronic devices are required which are listed below:-

Capacitors Switches Hook-up wires ULN2003A

IC 7805 Relays

DC Solenoid Valve

Microcontroller

A microcontroller (abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals This programmes memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM.

Advantages of Microcontroller

• Cost – Cost savings come from several locations Development costs are greatly decreased because of the design/flexibility advantages mentioned previously Because

so many components are included on one IC, board area and component savings are often evident as well

• Easy to Use – Just program and go! While in the past, programming has often involved tedious assembly code, today C compilers are available for most microcontrollers Microcontrollers often only require a single 5V supply as well which makes them easier

to power and use

The low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 8KB of programmable flash memory, 1KB of SRAM, 512K EEPROM, and a 6 or 8 channel 10-bit A/D converter The device supports throughput of 16 MIPS at 16 MHz and operates between 2.7-5.5 volts

Key Parameters

Parameter Value

Flash (Kbytes): 8 Kbytes

Max Operating Frequency: 16 MHz

# of Touch Channels: 12

Hardware QTouch Acquisition: No

Max I/O Pins: 23

Ext Interrupts: 2

USB Speed: No

AUTOMATIC T-SHIRT FOLDING MACHINE

USB Interface: No

Pin diagram: