English grammar in use 2012 vietnamese

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present continuous khi nÍi vå nhùng vièc xÀy ra tÂi mît khoÀng thñi gian gßn vði lÒc nÍi, vÈ dÖ nhõ today hém nay, this week tußn n¿y, this evening chiåu nay v.v.... Ch

A. XÃt tÉnh huêng sau:

Ann is in her car She is on her way to work.

Ann ½ang ò trong xe hïi Cé Þy ½ang trãn ½õñng ½i l¿m

She is driving to work.

Cé Þy ½ang l¾i xe ½i l¿m

CÝu n¿y cÍ nghËa l¿: Cé Þy bÝy giñ ½ang l¾i xe TÂi thñi ½iæm ½ang nÍi, h¿nh ½îng l¾i xe

chõa chÞm döt

Am/is/are -ing l¿ thÉ hièn tÂi tiäp diçn (present continuous)

B. I am doing something = Téi ½ang l¿m vièc gÉ ½Í; Téi ½ang ò giùa thñi ½iæm l¿m céng vièc ½Í;

Téi ½Á khòi sú v¿ chõa ho¿n tÞt céng vièc

Thõñng thÉ h¿nh ½îng ½ang xÀy ra tÂi thñi ½iæm nÍi:

Please don’t make so much noise I ’m working (not 'I work').



Xin ½÷ng l¿m ën qu¾ nhõ vây Téi ½ang l¿m vièc

’Where’s Margaret?’ ’She ’s having a bath.’ (not 'she has a bath').



'Margaret ò ½Ýu vây?' 'Cé Þy ½ang tØm'

Let’s go out now It isn’t raining any more (not 'It doesn't rain').



BÝy giñ chÒng ta hÁy ½i ra ngo¿i Trñi khéng cÎn mõa nùa

(at a party) Hello, Jane Are you enjoying the party? (not 'do you enjoy').



(tÂi mît buìi tièc) Xin ch¿o Jane BÂn cÍ thÈch buìi tièc n¿y khéng?

I’m tired I ’m going to bed now Goodnight!



Téi mèt rëi Téi ½i ngÔ bÝy giñ ½Ýy ChÒc ngÔ ngon nhÃ!

Nhõng h¿nh ½îng khéng nhÞt thiät xÀy ra tÂi thñi ½iæm ½ang nÍi VÈ dÖ nhõ:

Tom and Ann are talking in a café Tom says:

Tom v¿ Ann ½ang nÍi chuyèn trong qu¾n c¿phã Tom nÍi:

I ’m reading an interesting book at the moment I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it.

LÒc n¿y téi ½ang ½Ñc mît quyæn s¾ch hay Téi sÆ cho bÂn mõôn khi n¿o téi ½Ñc xong

Tom khéng ½Ñc s¾ch v¿o lÒc nÍi vði Ann Anh Þy muên nÍi l¿ anh Þy ½Á khòi sú ½Ñc cuêns¾ch ½Í nhõng chõa ½Ñc xong Anh Þy ½ang trong thñi gian ½Ñc

Xem thãm mît sê vÈ dÖ:

Catherine wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian (V¿o thñi ½iæm nÍi cÍ thæ cé Þy



khéng phÀi ½ang hÑc tiäng @)

Unit 1 Present Continuous

Listening, thinking, and working

Thanh Dâng, Khánh Nhon,17/07/2013

Some friends of mine are building their own house They hope it will finished before next



summer.

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present continuous khi nÍi vå nhùng vièc xÀy ra tÂi mît khoÀng thñi gian gßn vði

lÒc nÍi, vÈ dÖ nhõ today (hém nay), this week (tußn n¿y), this evening (chiåu nay) v.v

“You’re working hard today.” “Yes, I have a lot to do” (not 'you work hard today').



“ Is Susan working this week?” “No, she’s on holiday”.



C. ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present continuous khi nÍi vå nhùng thay ½ìi ½ang diçn ra trong thñi gian nÍi:

The population of the world is rising very fast (not 'rise').



DÝn sê thä giði ½ang gia t×ng rÞt nhanh

Is your English getting better?



Tiäng Anh cÔa bÂn kh¾ hïn rëi chö?

A XÃt tÉnh huêng sau:

Alex is bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep So:

He is not driving a bus (He is asleep)

but He drives a bus (He is a bus driver.)

(Alex l¿ mît t¿i xä l¾i xe buût, nhõng bÝy giñ anh Þy ½ang ngÔ) VÉ vây:

Anh Þy khéng phÀi ½ang l¾i xe (Anh Þy ½ang ngÔ)

nhõng Anh Þy l¾i xe buût (Anh Þy l¿ t¿i xä xe buût).

Drive(s)/Work(s)/Do(es), v.v l¿ thÉ present simple (thÉ hièn tÂi ½ïn).

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present simple ½æ nÍi mît c¾ch chung chung vå nhùng sú vât hay sú vièc n¿o ½Í.

Ta khéng chÊ riãng ½å câp ½än hièn tÂi m¿ théi ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ n¿y ½æ nÍi vå nhùng sú vièc, h¿nh

½îng xÀy ra thõñng xuyãn hay lÜp ½i lÜp lÂi, hoÜc nhùng sú vièc hiæn nhiãn ½Òng nÍi chung Sú vièc

½ang nÍi cÍ diçn ra lÒc ½Í hay khéng l¿ khéng quan trÑng

Nurses look after patients in hospitals.

I come from Canada Where do you come from?

C ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present simple khi muên diçn ½Ât möc ½î thõñng xuyãn xÀy ra cÔa sú vièc:

I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.

Khi bÂn höa l¿m vièc gÉ ½Í, bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi I promise ; khi bÂn ½å nghÌ ½iåu gÉ, bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi I

suggest ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present simple (promise/suggest v.v ) trong nhùng cÝu nhõ vây:

I promise I won’t be late (not 'I'm promising').

A HÁy nghiãn cöu c¾c lñi giÀi thÈch v¿ so s¾nh c¾c vÈ dÖ sau:

Present continuous (I am doing)

HÁy dÓng thÉ Present Continuous ½æ diçn tÀ nhùng sú vièc xÀy ra ngay lÒc ta nÍi hay xung quanh thñi

½iæm ½Í, v¿ h¿nh ½îng chõa chÞm döt

The water is boiling Can you turn it off?



(Nõðc ½ang séi BÂn cÍ thæ tØt bäp ½õôc khéng)

Listen to those people What language are they speaking ?



(HÁy nghe nhùng ngõñi kia HÑ ½ang nÍi tiäng nõðc n¿o vây?)

Let’s go out It is n’t raining now.



(MÉnh ra ngo¿i ½i Hièn trñi khéng mõa ½Ýu.)

“Don’t disturb me I’m busy.” “Why? What are you doing ?”



("#÷ng quÞy rßy téi Téi ½ang bân." "Sao? BÂn ½ang l¿m gÉ ½Í?")

I am going to bed now Goodnight!



(Téi ½i ngÔ ½Ýy ChÒc ngÔ ngon!)

Maria is in Britain at the moment She ’s learning English.



(Maria hièn giñ ½ang ò Anh quêc Cé Þy ½ang hÑc tiäng Anh.)

HÁy dÓng thÉ Present Continuous ½æ diçn ½Ât mît tÉnh huêng hay trÂng th¾i cÍ tÈnh chÞt tÂm thñi:

I ’m living with some friends until I find a flat.



(Téi hièn ò chung vði mÞy ngõñi bÂn cho ½än khi téi tÉm ½õôc mît c×n hî.)

“You ’re working hard today” “Yes, I’ve got a lot to do.”



("Hém nay bÂn l¿m vièc vÞt vÀ thât" "¹, mÉnh cÍ nhiåu vièc phÀi l¿m qu¾.")

Xem thãm UNIT 1

Present Simple (I do)

HÁy dÓng thÉ Present Simple ½æ ½å câp tði c¾c sú vièc mît c¾ch chung chung, hay nhùng sú vièc

½õôc lÜp ½i lÜp lÂi,

Water boils at 100 degrees celcius.



(Nõðc séi ò 100 ½î C)

Excuse me Do you speak English?



(Xin líi BÂn nÍi ½õôc tiäng Anh khéng?)

It doesn’t rain very much in the summer.



(Trñi khéng mõa qu¾ nhiåu v¿o mÓa hÄ.)

What do you usually do at weekends?



(BÂn thõñng l¿m gÉ v¿o cuêi tußn?)

Unit 3 Present Continuous and present simple (1)

I always go to bed before midnight.



(Téi thõñng ½i ngÔ trõðc 12 giñ ½ãm)

Most people learn to swim when they are children.



(Hßu hät mÑi ngõñi hÑc bïi khi hÑ cÎn nhÏ.)

HÁy dÓng thÉ Present Simple ½æ diçn ½Ât mît tÉnh huêng hay trÂng th¾i cÍ tÈnh ìn ½Ình, lÝu d¿i:

My parents live in London They have lived there for all their lives.



(Cha mÇ téi sêng ò London Hai ngõñi ½Á sêng ò ½Í suêt ½ñi.)

John isn’t lazy He works very hard most of the time.



(John khéng lõñi ½Ýu Hßu nhõ lÒc n¿o anh Þy cÕng l¿m vièc rÞt ch×m chÊ.)

Xem thãm UNIT 2.

B I always do v¿ I'm always doing.

Théng thõñng chÒng ta dÓng “ I always do something” (=Téi lÒc n¿o cÕng l¿m vièc ½Í):

I always go to work by car.



Téi luén ½i l¿m bÙng xe hïi (khéng nÍi 'I'm always going').

BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ nÍi “ I’m always doing something”, nhõng vði mît û nghËa kh¾c LÞy vÈ dÖ:

I’ve lost my key again I’m always losing things.



Téi lÂi l¿m mÞt chÉa khÍa Téi luén l¿m mÞt ½ë

 “I’m always losing things” khéng cÍ nghËa l¿ téi lÒc n¿o cÕng l¿m mÞt ½ë m¿ cÍ nghËa l¿ vièc téi

l¿m mÞt ½ë xÀy ra qu¾ thõñng xuyãn, nhiåu hïn bÉnh thõñng

 “You’re always -ing” cÍ nghËa bÂn l¿m vièc ½Í rÞt thõñng xuyãn, sú thõñng xuyãn m¿ ngõñi nÍi

cho l¿ nhiåu hïn bÉnh thõñng

A ChÒng ta chÊ dÓng thÉ Present Continuous vði c¾c h¿nh ½îng hay c¾c sú kièn (nhõ they are

eating/it is raining .) Mît sê ½îng t÷, vÈ dÖ nhõ know v¿ like khéng phÀi l¿ nhùng ½îng t÷

h¿nh ½îng BÂn khéng thæ nÍi 'I am knowing' hay 'they are liking'; BÂn chÊ cÍ thæ nÍi “I know”,

“they like”.

Nhùng ½îng t÷ sau ½Ýy khéng ½õôc dÓng vði thÉ Present Continuous:

I’m hungry I want something to eat (not 'I am wanting')



Téi ½ang ½Íi Téi muên ×n mît chÒt gÉ ½Í

Do you understand what I mean?



BÂn cÍ hiæu û téi muên nÍi gÉ khéng?

Ann doesn’t seem very happy at the moment.



LÒc n¿y dõñng nhõ Ann khéng ½õôc vui

Khi think ½õôc dÓng vði nghËa believe (tin tõòng), ta khéng dÓng thÉ Present Continuous:

What do you think (=believe) will happen?

BÂn tréng thât nghiãm nghÌ BÂn ½ang nghË ½iåu gÉ vây? (c¾i gÉ diçn ra trong tÝm trÈ bÂn vây?)

I ’m thinking of giving up my job (= I am considering)



Téi ½ang nghË tði chuyèn théi vièc (= Téi ½ang xem xÃt)

Khi have cÍ nghËa sò hùu (possess),.v.v ta khéng dÓng vði thÉ continuous (xem UNIT 17):

We’re enjoying our holiday We have a nice room in the hotel (not 'we're having')

ChÒng téi h¿i lÎng vði kü nghÊ cÔa chÒng téi ChÒng téi ½ang cÍ mît khoÀng thñi gian hÂnh phÒc

B See, hear, smell, taste

Ta thõñng dÓng thÉ present simple (khéng dÓng continuous) vði nhùng ½îng t÷ dõði ½Ýy:

Do you see that man over there? (not 'are you seeing')



Unit 4 Present Continuous and present simple (2)

BÂn cÍ nhÉn thÞy ngõñi ½¿n éng ½Ùng kia khéng?

This room smells Let’s open a window.

ChÒ û! BÂn cÍ nghe thÞy gÉ khéng?

Nhõng bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ continuous vði see (I’m seeing) mang û nghËa “having a meeting with”

(gÜp mÜt, gÜp gó) ½Üc bièt ò thÉ tõïng lai (Xem UNIT 19A):

I’m seeing the manager tomorow morning.



S¾ng mai téi sÆ gÜp ngõñi quÀn lû

C He is selfish v¿ He is being selfish

#îng t÷ be chia ò thÉ present continuous l¿ I am being/He is being You are being v.v

 I’m being = I'm behaving / I am acting So s¾nh c¾c cÝu sau:

I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish He isn’t usually like that.

Anh ta khéng bao giñ nghË ½än ngõñi kh¾c cÀ Anh ta rÞt Èch ký

(= NÍi chung l¿ tÈnh anh ta Èch ký, khéng chÊ riãng v¿o lÒc n¿o cÀ)

ChÒng ta dÓng am/is/are being ½æ nÍi h¿nh vi cÔa ngõñi kh¾c nhõ thä n¿o, v¿ khéng thõñng ½õôc

dÓng trong nhùng trõñng hôp kh¾c, chÚng hÂn nhõ:

It ’s hot today.



Hém nay trñi nÍng (khéng dÓng 'it is being hot')

Sarah is very tired.



Sarah rÞt mèt (khéng dÓng 'Sarah is being tired')

D Look v¿ feel

BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ present simple hay continuous khi diçn tÀ d¾ng vÅ hay cÀm gi¾c cÔa ngõñi

n¿o ½Í v¿o thñi ½iæm nÍi:

You look well today hay You’re looking well today.



Hém nay tréng bÂn khÏe ½Þy.

How do you feel now? hay How are you feeling now?

A Xem xÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer He lived from 1756

to 1791 He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

He was only 35 years old when he died.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart l¿ mît nhÂc sË v¿ nh¿ soÂn nhÂc ngõñi €o «ng sêng t÷ n×m

1756 ½än n×m 1791 «ng bØt ½ßu soÂn nhÂc lÒc n×m tuìi v¿ ½Á viät hïn 600 bÀn nhÂc «ng chät khi «ng chÊ mði 35 tuìi.

Lived/Started/wrote/was/died ½åu ò thÉ past simple.

B Thõñng thÉ ½îng t÷ thÉ past simple tân cÓng bÙng -ed (½îng t÷ cÍ qui tØc — regular verbs):

I work in a travel agency now Before that I worked in a shop.



Téi hièn giñ ½ang l¿m ò mît v×n phÎng du lÌch Trõðc ½Ýy téi l¿ vièc ò mît cøa hièu

We invite them to our party but they decided not to come.



ChÒng téi ½Á mñi hÑ dú tièc vði chÒng téi nhõng hÑ ½Á quyät ½Ình khéng ½än

The police stopped me on my way home last night.

write — wrote Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

see — saw We saw Rose in town a few days ago.

go — went I went to cinema three times last week.

shut — shut It was cold, so I shut the window.

Xem bÀng lièt kã c¾c ½îng t÷ bÞt qui tØc

C Trong c¾c cÝu nghi vÞn v¿ c¾c cÝu phÔ ½Ình chÒng ta dÓng did/didn’t + infinitive

(enjoy/see/go )

I enjoyed Did you enjoy? I didn't enjoy

She saw Did she see? She didn't see

They went Did they go? They didn't go

A: Did you go out last night?

Càn thân khi do l¿ ½îng t÷ chÈnh trong cÝu:

What did you do at the weekend? (khéng nÍi 'what did you at the weekend')



I didn’t do anything (khéng nÍi 'I didn't do anything')



D Qu¾ khö cÔa be (am/ is/ are) l¿ was/ were:

we/you/they were/weren’t were we/you/they?

Ghi chÒ rÙng ta khéng dÓng did trong cÝu nghi vÞn v¿ phÔ ½Ình vði was/were.

I was angry because they were late.

A HÁy xem vÈ dÖ sau:

Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis They began at 10 o’clock and finished at 11.30.

So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis.

Hém qua Karen v¿ Jim chïi qußn vôt HÑ ½Á bØt ½ßu chïi lÒc 10h v¿ kät thÒc lÒc 11h30.

Vây lÒc 10 h30 hÑ ½ang chïi qußn vôt

They were playing = "HÑ ½ang ò giùa cuîc chïi lÒc ½Í v¿ hÑ chõa kät thÒc cuîc chïi."

Was/were -ing l¿ thÉ past continuous (qu¾ khö tiäp diçn):

playingI/he/she/it was doing

we/you/they were working etc

B ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ past continuous ½æ diçn tÀ mît ngõñi n¿o ½Í ½ang thúc hièn mît céng vièc dò

dang tÂi thñi ½iæm ½õôc ½å câp H¿nh ½îng hay sú vièc ½Á xÀy ra trõðc thñi ½iæm n¿y nhõngchõa kät thÒc

This time last year I was living in Brazil.



V¿o thñi ½iæm n¿y n×m ngo¾i téi ½ang sêng ò Brazil

What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?

Past continuous (½ang ò giùa h¿nh ½îng)

I was walking home when I meet Dave.



(= ò giùa ½õñng ½i vå nh¿ téi gÜp Dave)

Ann was watching television when the phone rang.



Ann ½ang xem TV khi ½ièn thoÂi reng

Past simple (ho¿n tÞt h¿nh ½îng)

I walked home after the party last night.



(= téi ½Á ½i vå nh¿, ho¿n tÞt)

Ann watched television a lot when she was ill last year.



Ann ½Á xem TV rÞt nhiåu khi cé Þy bènh n×m ngo¾i

D Ta thõñng dÓng thÉ past simple v¿ past continuous cÓng vði nhau ½æ diçn tÀ mît sú vièc xÀy ra

v¿o lÒc ½ang xÀy ra mît sú vièc kh¾c:

Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.



Unit 6 Past Continuous

I saw you in the park yesterday You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.



While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.



Nhõng chÒng ta dÓng thÉ past simple khi mît sú vièc xÀy ra sau mît sú vièc kh¾c:

I was walking along the road when I saw Dave So I stopped and we had a chat.



Khi ½ang ½i trãn ½õñng thÉ téi gÜp Dave Téi ½Á d÷ng lÂi v¿ chÒng téi cÓng trÎ chuyèn

HÁy so s¾nh hai cÝu sau ½æ thÞy rÐ sú kh¾c bièt vå û nghËa:

When Karen arrived, we were having dinner.



Khi Karen tði, chÒng téi ½ang ×n têi

(= ChÒng téi ½Á ×n têi trõðc khi Karen tði.)

When Karen arrived, we had dinner.



Khi Karen tði, chÒng téi ×n têi

(= Karen tði trõðc rëi sau ½Í chÒng téi ×n têi.)

E CÍ mît sê ½îng t÷ (vÈ dÖ nhõ know/ want/ believe) khéng ½õôc dÓng ò c¾c thÉ continuous (xem

UNIT 4A ½æ biät thãm chi tiät):

We were good friends We knew each other well (not 'we were knowing')



ChÒng téi l¿ nhùng ngõñi bÂn têt ChÒng téi hiæu rÐ vå nhau

I was enjoying the party but Chris wanted to go home (not 'was wanting')



Téi ½Á rÞt thÈch buìi tièc nhõng Chris muên vå nh¿

A XÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

 Tom is looking for his key He can’t find it.

Tom ½ang tÉm chiäc chÉa khÍa Anh Þy khéng tÉm thÞy nÍ.

 He has lost his key.

Anh ½Á l¿m mÞt chiäc chÉa khÍa cÔa anh Þy

“He has lost his key” = Anh Þy l¿m mÞt chiäc chÉa khÍa v¿ ½än bÞy giñ ván chõa tÉm ra.

Have/ has lost l¿ thÉ Present perfect simple

ThÉ Present perfect simple = Have/has + past participle (qu¾ khö phÝn t÷) thõñng tân cÓng bÙng

-ed (finished/dicided ) nhõng nhiåu ½îng t÷ quan trÑng lÂi l¿ bÞt qui tØc — irregular

(lost/done/been/written ).

B Khi chÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect thÉ luén luén cÍ mît sú liãn hè tði hièn tÂi H¿nh ½îng xÀy

ra ò qu¾ khö nhõng kät quÀ cÔa nÍ lÂi ò hièn tÂi:

“Where’s your key?” “I don’t know I ’ve lost it.” (I haven't got it now).

CÀnh s¾t v÷a bØt hai ngõñi liãn quan ½än mît vÖ cõðp

C BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ present perfect simple vði just, already v¿ yet:

Just = “a short time ago” (v÷a mði xÀy ra trõðc ½Í):

“Would you like something to eat?” “No, thanks I ’ve just had lunch.”



Hello Have you just arrived ?



Xin ch¿o Anh v÷a mði ½än phÀi khéng

ChÒng ta dÓng already ½æ nÍi vå mît sú vièc xÀy ra sðm hïn dú ½o¾n (nãn xem Unit 110D):

“Don’t forget to post the letter, will you?” “I ’ve already posted it.”



"#÷ng quãn gøi thõ nhÃ, bÂn sÆ gøi chö?" "Téi v÷a mði gøi thõ rëi"

“What time is Mark leaving?” “He ’s already gone ”



Unit 7 Present Perfect (1)

Yet = “until now — cho ½än bÝy giñ” v¿ diçn tÀ ngõñi nÍi mong chñ sú vièc n¿o ½Í xÀy ra ChÊ dÓng yet trong cÝu nghi vÞn v¿ phÔ ½Ình (xem UNIT 110C).

Has it stopped raining yet ?



I’ve written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet



Téi ½Á viät xong l¾ thõ nhõng téi chõa kÌp gøi

D ChÒ û sú kh¾c nhau giùa gone to v¿ been to:

Jim is on holiday He has gone to Spain (= he is there now or on his way there)

A HÁy xem máu ½êi thoÂi dõði ½Ýy:

Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Jane?

BÂn cÍ ½i du lÌch nhiåu khéng, Jane?

Jane: Yes, I’ve been to a lot of a places.

Dave: Really? Have you ever been to China?

Thât õ? Thä bÂn ½Á t÷ng ½än Trung Quêc chõa?

Jane: Yes, I’ve been to China twice.

Dave: What about India?

Jane: No, I’ve been to India.

Khi chÒng ta ½å câp tði mît khoÀng thñi gian liãn tÖc t÷ qu¾ khö ½än hièn tÂi, chÒng ta dÓng

thÉ present perfect (have been/ have travelled ) ´ ½Ýy Dave v¿ Jane ½ang nÍi vå nhùng nïi

m¿ Jane ½Á ½än trong cuîc ½ñi cé Þy (l¿ khoÀng thñi gian kÃo d¿i ½än hièn tÂi)

Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your life)



BÂn cÍ bao giñ ×n mÍn tröng c¾ muêi chõa?

We ’ve never had a car.



ChÒng téi chõa bao giñ cÍ ½õôc mît chiäc xe hïi

“ Have you read Hamlet?” “No, I haven’t read any of Shakespeare’s plays.”



"BÂn ½Á ½Ñc Hamlet chõa?" "Chõa, téi chõa ½Ñc t¾c phàm n¿o cÔa Shakespear cÀ."

Susan really loves that film She ’s seen it eight times!



Susan thât sú thÈch cuên phim ½Í Cé Þy ½Á xem cuên phim ½Í t¾m lßn!

What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I ’ve ever seen



Cuên phim mði ch¾n l¿m sao! #Í l¿ mît cuên phim dò nhÞt m¿ téi t÷ng xem

Trong nhùng vÈ dÖ sau ngõñi diçn ½Ât ½ang nÍi vå khoÀng thñi gian m¿ liãn tÖc ½än bÝy giñ (recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast v.v ):

Have you heard from George recently?



Gßn ½Ýy bÂn cÍ ½õôc tin gÉ vå George khéng?

I ’ve met a lot of people in the last few days.



Téi ½Á gÜp nhiåu ngõñi trong nhùng ng¿y gßn ½Ýy

Everything is going well We haven’t had any problems so far.



MÑi chuyèn ½åu têt ½Çp LÝu nay chÒng téi khéng gÜp phiån phöc gÉ

I’m hungry I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast (= from breakfast until now)



MÉnh ½Íi rëi T÷ s¾ng tði giñ mÉnh chõa ×n gÉ cÀ

It’s nice to see you again We haven’t seen each other for a long time.



Thât l¿ vui ½õôc gÜp lÂi bÂn RÞt lÝu rëi chÒng ta khéng gÜp nhau

Unit 8 Present Perfect (2)

B. ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect vði today/ this morning/ this evening khi nhùng khoÀng

thñi gian n¿y chõa kät thÒc v¿o thñi ½iæm nÍi (xem UNIT 14B):

I ’ve drunk four cups of coffee today (perhaps I'll drink more before today finished).



Hém nay téi ½Á uêng bên ly c¿ phã (cÍ thæ téi cÎn uêng thãm nùa trõðc khi hät ng¿y hém nay).

Have you had a holiday this year (yet)?



N×m nay bÂn ½Á nghÊ phÃp chõa?

I haven’t seen Tom this morning Have you?



S¾ng nay téi khéng gÜp Tom BÂn cÍ gÜp khéng?

Ron hasn’t worked very hard this term



Ron hÑc khéng ch×m lØm trong hÑc kü n¿y

C. ChÒ û l¿ chÒng ta phÀi dÓng present perfect khi nÍi “It’s the first time somthing has happened” (#Í l¿ lßn ½ßu tiãn mît sú vièc n¿o ½Í ½Á xÀy ra) VÈ dÖ nhõ:

Don is having a driving lesson He is very nervous and unsure because it is the first lesson



Don ½ang cÍ b¿i hÑc l¾i xe Anh Þy rÞt hëi hîp v¿ lo lØng bòi vÉ ½Ýy l¿ b¿i hÑc ½ßu tiãn

It’s the first time he has driven a car (not "drive")

Trõðc giñ anh Þy chõa bao giñ l¾i xe

Linda has lost her pastport again It’s the second time this has happened (not "happen")



Linda lÂi l¿m mÞt hî chiäu #Ýy l¿ lßn thö hai xÀy ra chuyèn n¿y

This is a lovely meal It’s the first good meal I ’ve had for ages (not “I have”)



Thât l¿ mît bùa ×n ngon #Ýy l¿ bùa ×n ngon ½ßu tiãn cÔa téi trong nhiåu n×m

Bill is phoning his girlfriend again That’s the third time he ’s phoned her this evening



Bill lÂi ½ang gÑi ½ièn thoÂi cho cé bÂn g¾i cÔa anh Þy #Í l¿ lßn thö ba anh Þy gÑi ½ièn cho cé Þychiåu nay

A It has been raining Xem vÈ dÖ sau:

Is it raining?

No, but the ground is wet

It has been raining.

Trñi mði v÷a mõa xong.

Have/has been -ing l¿ thÉ present perfect continuous.

I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been doing

I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been waiting

I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been playing

etc

he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been doing

he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been waiting

he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been playing etc

Ta dÓng thÉ present perfect continuous khi nÍi vå nhùng h¿nh ½îng ½Á kät thÒc gßn ½Ýy hay mði v÷a

kät thÒc v¿ kät quÀ cÔa nÍ cÍ sú liãn hè hay Ành hõòng tði hièn tÂi:

You’re out to breath Have you been running ? (you are out of breath now)



BÂn tréng mèt ½öt hïi BÂn v÷a mði chÂy phÀi khéng? (hièn giñ anh Þy nhõ ½öt hïi)

Paul is very tired He’ s been working very hard (he's tired now)



Paul rÞt mèt Anh Þy v÷a mði l¿m vièc rÞt c×ng (bÝy giñ anh Þy ½ang mèt)

Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing ?



Sao qußn ¾o bÂn bàn thä BÂn v÷a mði l¿m gÉ vây?

I ’ve been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that



MÉnh v÷a mði ½å câp ½än vÞn ½å cÔa Carol v¿ cé Þy nghË l¿

B It has been raining for two hours XÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

It is raining now It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.

Trñi ½ang mõa Trñi ½Á mõa ½õôc hai giñ rëi v¿ bÝy giñ cÎn ½ang mõa.

How long has it been raining ?

It has been raining for two hours.

Trñi ½Á mõa ½õôc hai tiäng ½ëng hë.

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect contiuous cho nhùng trõñng hôp n¿y, ½Üc bièt l¿ dÓng vði how

long, for v¿ since H¿nh ½îng l¿ ván ½ang xÀy ra (nhõ vÈ dÖ trãn) hay v÷a mði chÞm döt.

How long have you been learning English? (you're still learning English)



BÂn ½Á hÑc tiäng Anh ½õôc bao lÝu rëi? (bÂn ván ½ang cÎn hÑc tiäng Anh)

Unit 9 Present Perfect Continuous

Tim is watching television He has been watching television for two hours.



Tim ½ang xem TV Anh Þy ½Á xem TV ½õôc hai giñ rëi

Where have you been? I have been looking for you for the last half hour.



Anh ½Á ò ½Ýu vây? Téi ½Á tÉm anh nøa tiäng ½ëng hë rëi

George hasn’t been feeling well recently.



George v÷a mði cÀm thÞy khÏe gßn ½Ýy

ChÒng ta cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ present perfect continuous ½æ chÊ nhùng h¿nh ½îng lÜp ½i lÜp lÂi trong mît

khoÀng thñi gian:

Debbie is a very good player tennis She’ s been playing since she was eight.



Debbie l¿ mît vân ½îng viãn qußn vôt rÞt giÏi Cé Þy ½Á chïi qußn vôt t÷ khi lãn t¾m

Every morning they meet in the same café They’ ve been going there for years.



Míi s¾ng hÑ lÂi gÜp nhau ò cÓng mît qu¾n c¿ phã HÑ ½Á ½än qu¾n ½Í nhiåu n×m rëi

C So s¾nh I am doing (xem UNIT 1) v¿ I have been doing

Don’t disturb me now I am working



#÷ng quÞy rßy téi bÝy giñ Téi ½ang l¿m vièc

I’ ve been working hard, so now I’m going to have a rest.



Téi ½Á l¿m vièc nhiåu rëi nãn bÝy giñ téi sÆ ½i nghÊ

We need an umbrella It’ s raining



ChÒng téi cßn mît cÝy dÓ Trñi ½ang mõa

The ground is wet It’ s been raining.

A Nghiãn cöu vÈ dÖ sau:

 Ann’s clothes are covered in paint She has been painting the ceiling.

Qußn ¾o cÔa Ann dÈnh to¿n sïn Cé Þy ½ang sïn trßn nh¿

 The ceiling was white Now it is blue She has painted the ceiling.

Trßn nh¿ trõðc ½Ýy m¿u trØng BÝy giñ nÍ m¿u xanh Cé Þy ½Á sïn trßn nh¿

Has been painting l¿ thÉ present perfect continuous (thÉ hièn tÂi ho¿n th¿nh tiäp diçn): ´ ½Ýy

l¿ sú ho¿n th¿nh cÔa h¿nh ½îng Has painted l¿ mît h¿nh ½îng ½Á ho¿n tÞt ChÒng ta quan tÝm

½än kät quÀ cÔa h¿nh ½îng chö khéng phÀi bÀn thÝn h¿nh ½îng ½Í.

So s¾nh c¾c vÈ dÖ sau:

My hands are very dirty I’ ve been repairing the car.



Tay téi rÞt bàn Téi ½ang søa xe

The car is OK again I’ ve repaired it.



Chiäc xe giñ lÂi têt rëi Téi ½Á søa nÍ

She’ s been smoking too much recently She should smoke less.



Gßn ½Ýy cé Þy hÒt thuêc qu¾ nhiåu Cé Þy nãn hÒt Èt ½i

Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes The packet is empty.



Ai ½Í ½Á hÒt hät thuêc cÔa téi GÍi thuêc trêng ríng rëi

It’s nice to meet you again What have you been doing since we last met?



RÞt m÷ng gÜp lÂi bÂn BÂn ½Á l¿m gÉ t÷ khi chÒng ta gÜp nhau lßn sau cÓng?

Where’s the book I gave you? What have you done with it?



Cuên s¾ch téi ½Á tÜng bÂn ½Ýu rëi? BÂn ½Á l¿m gÉ vði nÍ?

Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?



BÂn ½Á ò ½Ýu vây? BÂn ½Á chïi qußn vôt phÀi khéng?

Have you ever played tennis?



BÂn ½Á t÷ng chïi qußn vôt chõa?

 ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ continuous ½æ hÏi hay nÍi how long — bao lÝu (cho h¿nh ½îng ván cÎn ½ang

xÀy ra)

How long have you been reading that book?



BÂn ½Á ½Ñc cuên s¾ch ½Í ½õôc bao lÝu rëi?

Mary is still writing letters She’ s been writing letters all day.



Mary ván ½ang cÎn viät thõ Cé Þy ½Á viät thõ cÀ ng¿y hém nay

They’ ve been playing tenis since 2 o’clock.



Unit 10 Present Perfect Continuous and Simple

HÑ ½Á chïi qußn vôt t÷ lÒc 2 giñ.

 ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ simple ½æ hÏi hay nÍi how much, how many hay how many times (cho nhùng

h¿nh ½îng ½Á kät thÒc)

How many pages of that book have you read ?



BÂn ½Á ½Ñc ½õôc bao nhiãu trang cÔa cuên s¾ch rëi?

Mary has written ten letters today.



Hém nay Mary ½Á viät ½õôc mõñi l¾ thõ

They’ ve played tennis three times this week.



HÑ ½Á chïi qußn vôt ba lßn trong tußn n¿y

Mît sê ½îng t÷ (vÈ dÖ nhõ know/like/believe) khéng ½õôc dÓng vði thÉ continuous.

I’ve known about it for a long time (not "I've been knowing")



Téi ½Á ½õôc biät vå ½iåu ½Í lÝu rëi

Xem UNIT 4A ½æ biät bÀng lièt kã c¾c ½îng t÷ n¿y

A XÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

Bob and Alice are married They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is the 20th wedding anniversary.

They have been married for 20 years.

Bob v¿ Alice ½Á th¿nh hén HÑ cõði nhau ½Òng 20 n×m vå trõðc, vÉ vây hém nay l¿ ng¿y ký nièm thö 20 ng¿y cõði cÔa hÑ HÑ ½Á cõði nhau ½õôc 20 n×m rëi.

They are married (present) HÑ ½Á cõði

nhõng

How long have they been married? (present perfect):

HÑ ½Á cõði ½õôc ½õôc bao lÝu rëi?

(Khéng nÍi "How long are they married")

They have been married for 20 years.

HÑ ½Á cõði ½õôc 20 n×m rëi.

(khéng nÍi "They are married for 20 years")

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect ½æ nÍi vå nhùng sú vièc bØt ½ßu trong qu¾ khö v¿ cÎn tiäp diçn ½än hièn tÂi HÁy so s¾nh hai thÉ present v¿ present perfect qua c¾c vÈ dÖ sau:

Cé Þy ½Á nÙm vièn t÷ thö hai

We know each other very well.

ChÒng téi ½Á biät nhau kh¾ lÝu rëi

Are you waiting for somebody?

BÂn ½Á chñ ½õôc bao lÝu rëi?

B I have been doing something (present perfect continuous) = Téi ½Á khòi sú l¿m vièc gÉ ½Í

trong qu¾ khö v¿ téi ván ½ang cÎn l¿m tiäp (hay v÷a mði ngõng xong)

Unit 11 How long have you (been) ?

I’ ve been learning English for a long time (not "I'm learning")



Téi ½Á hÑc tiäng Anh lÝu rëi

Sorry I’m late Have you been waiting long?



Xin líi, téi ½än trç BÂn ½Á chñ téi lÝu chõa?

It’ s been raining since I got up this morning.

"BÂn ½Á l¾i xe ½õôc bao lÝu rëi?" "T÷ khi 17 tuìi."

C I have done (simple) hay I have been doing (continuous):

ThÉ continuous thõñng ½õôc dÓng vði how long, since v¿ for (xem UNIT 10B):

I’ve been learning English for a long time (Št dÓng "I've learnt")



BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng cÀ hai thÉ present v¿ continuous vði ½îng t÷ live (sêng) v¿ work (l¿m vièc):

John has been living / has lived in London for a long time.



John ½Á sêng ò LuÝn #én lÝu rëi

How long have you been working / have you worked here?



BÂn ½Á l¿m vièc ò ½Ýy bao lÝu rëi?

Nhõng chÒng ta chÊ dÓng thÉ simple vði always:

John has always lived in London (not "has always been living).



John luén sêng ò LuÝn #én

BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ continuous hay simple cho nhùng h¿nh ½îng lÜp ½i lÜp lÂi trong mît khoÀng thñi

gian d¿i:

I’ ve been collecting / I’ ve collected stamps since I was a child.



Téi ½Á sõu tâp tem t÷ khi téi cÎn nhÏ

Mît sê ½îng t÷ nhõ know/like/believe khéng ½õôc dÓng ò thÉ continuous:

How long have you known Jane? (khéng nÍi "have you been knowing")



BÂn ½Á biät Jane bao lÝu rëi?

I’ ve had a pain in my stomach since I got up this morning.



Téi bÌ ½au bÖng t÷ lÒc ngÔ dây s¾ng nay

#æ biät thãm bÀng c¾c ½îng t÷ loÂi n¿y xem UNIT 4A #æ biät rÐ hïn vå Have xem UNIT 17

D ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect simple trong cÝu phÔ ½Ình nhõ sau:

I haven’t seen Tom since Monday.



Téi khéng gÜp Tom t÷ thö hai (= ng¿y thö hai v÷a rëi l¿ lßn cuêi téi gÜp Tom)

Jane hasn’t phoned me for two weeks.



Jane khéng gÑi ½ièn thoÂi cho téi hai tußn nay (= lßn cuêi cé Þy gÑi ½ièn cho téi c¾ch ½Ýy haitußn)

A HÁy so s¾nh When ? (+ past simple) v¿ How long ? (+present perfect):

A: When did it start raining?

Trñi mõa t÷ khi n¿o vây?

B: It started raining an hour ago / at 1 o’clock.

Trñi bØt ½ßu mõa c¾ch ½Ýy mît giñ / lÒc 1 giñ

A: How long has it been raining ?

Trñi ½Á mõa lÝu chõa?

B: It’ s been raining for an hour / since 1 o’clock

Trñi ½Á mõa ½õôc 1 giñ rëi / t÷ lÒc 1 giñ

A: When did Joe and Carol first meet?

Joe v¿ Carol ½Á gÜp nhau lßn ½ßu tiãn khi n¿o vây?

B: They first met a long time ago / when they were at school

HÑ ½Á gÜp nhau lßn ½ßu tiãn ½Á lÝu rëi / khi hÑ cÎn ½i hÑc

A: How long have Joe and Carol known each other?

Joe v¿ Carol ½Á biät nhau bao lÝu rëi?

B: They’ ve known each other for a long time / since they were at school.

HÑ ½Á biät nhau t÷ lÝu rëi / t÷ khi hÑ cÎn ½i hÑc

B Ta dÓng cÀ for v¿ since ½æ nÍi rÙng mît sú vièc xÀy ra trong bao lÝu

ChÒng ta dÓng for khi nÍi vå mît khoÀng thñi gian (nhõ two hours, six weeks ):

I’ve been waiting for two hours.



Téi ½Á chñ hai tiäng ½ëng hë rëi

Sally’s been working here for six months (khéng nÍi “since six months")



Sally ½Á l¿m vièc ò ½Ýy ½õôc 6 th¾ng

ChÒng ta dÓng since khi ½å câp tði sú bØt ½ßu cÔa mît khoÀng thñi gian n¿o ½Í (nhõ 8 o’clock, Monday, 1985 ):

I’ve been waiting since 8 o’clock



Téi ½Á chñ tði 8 giñ

Sally’s been working here since April (= from April until now)



Sally ½Á l¿m vièc ò ½Ýy t÷ th¾ng tõ

CÕng cÍ thæ dÓng for trong cÝu khÚng ½Ình (nhõng trong cÝu phÔ ½Ình thÉ bØt buîc).

They’ve been maried (for) ten years (dÓng for hay khéng cÕng ½õôc)



HÑ ½Á cõði nhau ½õôc 10 n×m

They haven’t had holiday for ten years (bÂn phÀi dÓng for trong cÝu n¿y).



HÑ ½Á chõa nghÊ phÃp lßn n¿o mõñi n×m qua

Unit 12 When ? and How long ? For and Since

Ta khéng dÓng for + all (all day, all my life )

I’ve lived here all my life (khéng nÍi “for all my life“)



Téi ½Á sêng ò ½Ýy cÀ ½ñi téi

C Ta nÍi “It’s (a long time / two years ) since something happened”:

It’s two years since I last saw Joe (= I haven't seen for two years = Téi ½Á khéng gÜp Joe hai



n×m rëi / Lßn cuêi cÓng téi gÜp Joe c¾ch ½Ýy ½Á hai n×m)

#Á hai n×m t÷ khi téi gÜp Joe lßn cuêi

It’s ages since we went to cinema (= We haven’t been to cinema for ages = chÒng téi ½Á khéng



½i xem phim nhiåu n×m rëi)

#Á nhiåu n×m chÒng téi khéng ½i xem phim

Thæ nghi vÞn l¿: How long is it since ?

How long is it since you last saw Joe ? (= When did you last see Joe? = BÂn ½Á gÜp Joe lßn



cuêi khi n¿o?)

#Á bao lÝu rëi t÷ khi bÂn gÜp Joe lßn cuêi ?

How long is it since Mrs Hill die? (= When did Mrs Hill die? = B¿ Hill ½Á mÞt n×m n¿o?)



A Xem xÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

 Tom is looking for his key He can’t find it.

Tom ½ang tÉm kiäm chÉa khÍa cÔa mÉnh Anh Þy khéng tÉm thÞy.

 He has lost his key (thÉ present perfect)

Anh Þy ½Á l¿m mÞt chÉa khÍa cÔa anh Þy.

#iåu n¿y cÍ nghËa l¿ anh Þy hièn giñ khéng cÍ chÉa khÍa

Mõñi phÒt sau ½Í:

 Now Tom has found his key He has it now.

BÝy giñ Tom ½Á tÉm ½õôc chÉa khÍa rëi Hièn anh Þy ½ang cÍ chÉa khÍa.

 Has he lost his key? (present perfect)

Anh Þy bÌ mÞt chÉa khÍa rëi ¿?

 No, he hasn’t He has found it.

Khéng, anh Þy khéng l¿m mÞt Anh Þy ½Á tÉm ra nÍ.

 Did he lose his key? (past simple).

Anh Þy ½Á mÞt chÉa khÍa phÀi khéng?

 Yes, he did

VÝng anh Þy ½Á l¿m mÞt chÉa khÍa.

 He lost his key (past simple) but now he has found it (present perfect).

Anh Þy ½Á l¿m mÞt chÉa khÍa nhõng bÝy giñ anh Þy ½Á tÉm ra.

ThÉ present perfect l¿ thÉ hièn tÂi ho¿n th¿nh v¿ luén cho chÒng ta biät ½iåu gÉ ½Í vå hièn tÂi “Tom

has lost his key” = hièn giñ anh Þy khéng cÍ chiäc chÉa khÍa cÔa anh Þy (xem UNIT 7)

CÎn thÉ past simple cho chÒng ta biät vå qu¾ khö Näu cÍ ai ½Í nÍi rÙng: “Tom lost his key” chÒng

ta khéng biät bÝy giñ anh Þy ½Á tÉm ½õôc nÍ hay chõa ChÒng ta chÊ biät l¿ anh Þy ½Á mÞt chÉa khÍav¿o mît thñi ½iæm n¿o ½Í trong qu¾ khö

Xem thãm hai vÈ dÖ sau:

Jack grew a beard but now he has shaved it off (= he doesn't have a beard now)



Jack ½Á ½æ rÝu nhõng bÝy giñ anh Þy ½Á cÂo hät (= bÝy giñ anh Þy khéng cÍ rÝu)

They went out after lunch and they’ ve just come back (= they are come back now).



Sau bùa trõa hÑ ½Á ½i ra bãn ngo¿i v¿ bÝy giñ hÑ v÷a quay vå

B ThÉ present perfect khéng ½õôc dÓng näu khéng cÍ sú liãn hè vði hièn tÂi (chÚng hÂn nhùng sú

vièc ½Á xÀy ra mît thñi gian d¿i trõðc ½Ýy)

The Chinese invented printing (khéng nÍi "have invented")



Unit 13 Present Perfect and past (1)

Ngõñi Trung Quêc ½Á ph¾t minh ra vièc in Þn.

How many plays did Shakespeare write? (khéng nÍi "has Shakespeare written")



Shakespeare ½Á soÂn ½õôc bao nhiãu vò kÌch?

Beethoven was a great composer (not 'has been')

Shakespeare ½Á viät nhiåu vò kÌch

My sister is a write She has written many books (she still writes books)



ChÌ téi l¿ mît nh¿ v×n ChÌ Þy ½Á viät nhiåu cuên s¾ch (hièn giñ chÌ ván cÎn viät s¾ch)

C ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect ½æ ½õa ra nhùng théng tin mði (xem UNIT 7) Nhõng näu

chÒng ta tiäp tÖc nÍi vå ½iåu ½Í, chÒng ta dÓng thÉ past simple:

A: Ow! I’ ve burnt myself.



¬i! Téi ½Á bÌ phÏng rëi

B: How did you do that? (khéng nÍi "have you done").

BÂn ½Á bÌ nhõ thä n¿o?

A: I picked up a hot dish (khéng nÍi "have picked")

Téi ½Á nhÞc phÀi mît c¾i ½Ëa nÍng

A: Look! Somebody has split milk on the carpet.



NhÉn kÉa! CÍ ai ½Í ½Á l¿m ½ì sùa trãn thÀm

B: Well, it wasn’t me I didn’t do it (khéng nÍi "hasn't been haven't done")

­, khéng phÀi téi Téi khéng l¿m chuyèn ½Í

A: I wonder who it was then. (khéng nÍi "Who it has been")

Vây thÉ ai l¿m nhÊ

A ChÒng ta khéng dÓng thÉ present perfect (I have done) khi nÍi vå mît thñi ½iæm ½Á kät thÒc

(chÚng hÂn Yesterday, ten minutes ago, in 1985, When I was a child), m¿ khi ½Í chÒng ta phÀi

dÓng thÉ qu¾ khö (past tense):

The weather was nice yesterday (khéng nÍi “have been nice”)



Hém qua thñi tiät ½Çp

They arrived ten minutes ago (khéng nÍi “have arrived”)



HÑ ½Á ½än mõñi phÒt trõðc ½Í

I ate a lot of sweets when I was a child (khéng nÍi “have eaten”)



Téi ½Á ×n nhiåu kÇo khi téi cÎn l¿ mît ½öa trÅ

A: Did you see the new on television last night? (khéng nÍi “Have you seen”)



BÂn cÍ xem tin töc trãn truyån hÉnh têi qua khéng?

B: No, I went to bed early (khéng nÍi “have gone”)



Khéng têi qua téi ½Á ½i ngÔ sðm

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ qu¾ khö (past tense) ½æ hÏi vå thñi gian When ? hay What time?.

When did they arrive? (khéng nÍi “have they arrived”)



HÑ ½Á ½än khi n¿o vây?

What time did you finish work?

Tom ½Á l¿m mÞt chÉa khÍa Anh Þy khéng thæ v¿o nh¿.

´ ½Ýy chÒng ta khéng nghË vå h¿nh ½îng m¿ nghË tði kät quÀ hièn tÂi cÔa h¿nh ½îng ½Í: hièn giñTom khéng cÍ chÉa khÍa v¿o nh¿

Past simple:

Tom lost his key yesterday He couldn’t get into the house.



Hém qua Tom ½Á l¿m mÞt chÉa khÍa Anh Þy ½Á khéng v¿o nh¿ ½õôc.

´ ½Ýy chÒng ta nÍi vå h¿nh ½îng xÀy ra trong qu¾ khö, m¿ khéng quan tÝm tði vièc hièn giñTom cÍ chÉa khÍa hay chõa

B So s¾nh thÉ hièn tÂi ho¿n th¿nh v¿ qu¾ khö ( present perfect v¿ past simple) qua c¾c cÝu sau:

 Present perfect (have done)

Unit 14 Present Perfect and past (2)

I’ve done a lot of work today.



Hém nay téi ½Á l¿m nhiåu vièc

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ present perfect khi ½å câp tði mît khoÀng thñi gian liãn tÖc t÷ qu¾ khö ½än hièn

tÂi VÈ dÖ nhõ: Today, this week, since 1985.

 Past simple (did)

I did a lot of work yesterday.



Hém qua téi ½Á l¿m nhiåu vièc

ChÒng ta dÓng thÉ simple past khi ½å câp tði mît thñi ½iæm ½Á kät thÒc trong qu¾ khö VÈ dÖ nhõ

yesterday, last week, from 1985 to 1991.

It hasn’t rained this week.



Tußn n¿y trñi khéng mõa

It didn’t rain last week.



Tußn rëi trñi khéng mõa

Have you seen Ann this morning?



T÷ s¾ng giñ bÂn cÍ gÜp Ann khéng? (bÝy giñ ván cÎn l¿ buìi s¾ng)

Did you see Ann this morning?



BÂn ½Á cÍ gÜp Ann s¾ng nay khéng? (bÝy giñ l¿ ½Á l¿ buìi chiåu hay buìi têi rëi)

Have you seen Ann recently?



Gßn ½Ýy bÂn cÍ gÜp Ann khéng?

Did you see Ann on Sunday?



BÂn cÍ gÜp Ann hém chÔ nhât khéng?

I don’t know where Ann is I haven’t seen her (= I have seen her recently).



Téi khéng biät Ann ò ½Ýu Téi ½Á khéng nhÉn thÞy cé Þy (= gßn ½Ýy téi khéng gÜp cé Þy)

A: Was Ann at the party on Sunday?



CÍ phÀi Ann dú tièc hém chÔ nhât khéng?

B: I don’t think so I didn’t see her.

Téi khéng nghË nhõ vây Téi khéng gÜp cé Þy

We’ ve been waiting for an hour.



ChÒng téi ½Á chñ cÀ giñ ½ëng hë rëi (bÝy giñ chÒng téi ván tiäp tÖc chñ nùa).

We waited (or were waiting ) for an hour.



ChÒng téi ½Á chñ h¿ng giñ ½ëng hë (bÝy giñ chÒng téi khéng cÎn chñ nùa)

Ian lives in London He has lived there for seven years.



Ian ½ang sêng ò LuÝn ½én Anh Þy ½Á sêng ò ½Í ½õôc bÀy n×m rëi.

Ian lived in Scotland for ten years Now he lives in London.



Ian ½Á sêng ò Scotland ½õôc mõñi n×m BÝy giñ anh Þy ½ang sêng ò LuÝn ½én

I have never played golf (in my life)



Téi chõa bao giñ chïi golf (trong ½ñi téi)

I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.



Téi ½Á khéng chïi golf v¿o ng¿y nghÊ mÓa hÄ n×m rëi

 ThÉ present perfect luén cÍ mît sú liãn hè vði hièn tÂi Xem Unit 7, Unit 8, Unit 9, Unit 10, Unit

11, Unit 12

 ThÉ past simple chÊ diçn ½Ât mît sú vièc ½Á xÀy ra trong qu¾ khö Xem Unit 5, Unit 6

Khi Sarah ½än dú tièc thÉ Paul ½Á khéng cÎn ò ½Í.

Anh Þy ½Á ½i vå nh¿ (trõðc khi Sarah tði)

Had gone l¿ thÉ Past perfect (simple) — ThÉ qu¾ khö ho¿n th¿nh.

ThÉ past perfect ½õôc tÂo th¿nh = had + past participle (gone/ seen/ finished )

#éi khi chÒng ta ½å câp mît vièc gÉ ½Í xÀy ra trong qu¾ khö

Sarah arrived at the party.



Sarah ½Á ½än dú tièc

#Ýy l¿ ½iæm khòi ½ßu cÔa cÝu chuyèn Sau ½Í näu chÒng ta muên nÍi vå nhùng sú vièc xÀy ra trõðc

thñi ½iæm n¿y, chÒng ta dÓng thÉ past perfect (had + past participle):

When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.



Khi Sarah ½än buìi tièc, Paul ½Á ½i vå nh¿

Xem thãm mît sê vÈ dÖ sau:

When we got home last night We found that somebody had broken into the flat.



Têi qua khi chÒng téi vå nh¿, chÒng téi ph¾t hièn ra cÍ ai ½Í ½Á ½ît nhâp v¿o ngéi nh¿

Karen didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film.



Karen ½Á khéng muên ½i xem film vði chÒng téi vÉ cé Þy ½Á xem bî phim (trõðc ½Í) rëi

At first I thought I’d done the right, but soon I realised that I’ d made a serious mistake.

never flown before.

Ngõñi ½¿n éng ngëÉ cÂnh téi trãn m¾y bay ½Á rÞt hëi hîp Trõðc ½Í anh Þy chõa ½i m¾y bay./Trõðc giñ anh Þy chõa bao giñ bay

B Had done (past perfect) l¿ dÂng qu¾ khö cÔa have done (present perfect) HÁy so s¾nh c¾c cÝu

NgõñÉ phÖ nù kia l¿ ai vây? Trõðc giñ téi chõa hå gÜp cé Þy.

I didn’t know who she was I ’d never seen her before (= before that time)



Téi ½Á khéng biät cé Þy l¿ ai Trõðc ½Í téi chõa bao giñ gÜp cé Þy

We aren’t hungry We ’ve just had lunch.



ChÒng téi khéng ½Íi ChÒng téi v÷a ×n trõa xong

We weren’t hungry We ’d just had lunch.



ChÒng téi ½Á khéng ½Íi (trõðc ½Í) ChÒng téi ½Á dÓng cïm trõa rëi.

The house is dirty They haven’t cleaned it for weeks.



Ngéi nh¿ dï qu¾ MÞy tußn rëi hÑ khéng lau chÓi gÉ cÀ

The house was dirty They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.



Ngéi nh¿ lÒc ½Í dï qu¾ MÞy tußn rëi hÑ ½Á khéng lau chÓi gÉ cÀ

C HÁy so s¾nh thÉ past perfect ( I had done) vði past simple (I did)

“Was Tom at the party when you arrived?” “No, he had already gone home.”

"LÒc bÂn ½än Tom cÎn ò ½Í khéng?" "CÍ, nhõng ngay sau ½Í anh Þy ½Á ½i vå nh¿."

Ann wasn’t at home when I phoned She was in London.

A HÁy xem xÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

 Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window The sun was shinning

but the ground was very wet.

S¾ng nay téi thöc dây v¿ nhÉn ra ngo¿i cøa sì MÜt trñi ½ang chiäu s¾ng nhõng mÜt

½Þt thÉ rÞt àm õðt.

 It has been raining

Trõðc ½Í trñi ½Á mõa

LÒc téi nhÉn ra ngo¿i cøa sì thÉ trñi khéng mõa; mÜt trñi lÒc ½Í ½ang chiäu s¾ng Nhõng trñi

½Á mõa trõðc ½Í #Í l¿ lû do tÂi sao mÜt ½Þt lÂi àm õðt

Had been-ing l¿ thÉ past perfect continuous

HÁy xem thãm mît sê vÈ dÖ sau:

When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one



of them had black eye They ’d been fight

Khi bÑn trÅ vå tði nh¿, qußn ¾o chÒng dï bàn, tÍc tai rêi bÓ v¿ mØt mît ½öa bÌ tÈm bßm ChÒng

½Á ½¾nh nhau

I was very tired when I arrived home I ’d been working hard all day.



Khi trò vå nh¿ téi ½Á rÞt mèt Téi ½Á l¿m vièc vÞt vÀ cÀ ng¿y

B BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ past perfect continuous ½æ diçn tÀ sú vièc n¿o ½Í ½Á diçn ra (had been

happening) mît trong khoÀng thñi gian trõðc khi mît sú vièc kh¾c xÀy ra:

Our game of tennis was interrupted We ’d been playing for about half an hour when it



started to rain very heavily.

Trân ½Þu qußn vôt cÔa chÒng téi ½Á bÌ ngõng lÂi ChÒng téi ½Á chïi ½õôc nøa giñ trõðc khi trñibØt ½ßu ½ì mõa rÞt lðn

Ken gave up smoking two years ago He ’d been smoking for 30 years.



Ken ½Á bÏ thuêc l¾ hai n×m rëi Trõðc ½Í anh Þy ½Á hÒt thuêc suêt 30 n×m

C ThÉ past perfect continuous (Had been -ing) l¿ dÂng qu¾ khö cÔa thÉ present continuous.

I hope the bus comes soon I ’ve been waiting for 20 minutes (before now).



Téi hy vÑng l¿ xe buût sÆ tði sðm Téi ½Á chñ 20 phÒt rëi (trõðc lÒc n¿y)

At last the bus came I ’d been waiting for minutes.



Cuêi cÓng xe buût cÕng ½Á tði Téi ½Á chñ trõðc ½Í hïn 20 phÒt rëi

He’s out of breath He has been running



Unit 16 Past Perfect continuous

Anh Þy ½ang thò gÞp Anh Þy ½Á chÂy nÁy giñ.

He was out of breath He had been running



Anh Þy ½Á thò gÞp Anh Þy ½Á chÂy trõðc ½Í

D have been -ing.

HÁy so s¾nh had been doing (past perfect continuous) v¿ was doing (past continuous)

It wasn’t raining when we went out The sun was shining But it had been raining , so the



ground was wet.

LÒc chÒng téi ½i ra ngo¿i trñi khéng mõa Trñi lÒc ½Í ½ang nØng Nhõng trõðc ½Í trñi cÍ mõanãn mÜt ½Þt àm õðt

Ann was sitting in an armchair watching television She was tired because she ’d been



working very hard.

Ann ½ang ngëi trãn ghä v¿ xem truyån hÉnh Cé Þy mèt vÉ cé Þy ½Á l¿m vièc rÞt nhiåu

E Mît sê ½îng t÷ nhõ know v¿ want khéng ½õôc dÓng vði thÉ continuous:

We were good friends We had known each other for years (khéng nÍi "had been knowing").



ChÒng téi l¿ nhùng ngõñi bÂn têt ChÒng téi ½Á biät nhau t÷ nhiåu n×m rëi

Xem UNIT 4A ½æ biät thãm c¾c ½îng t÷ loÂi n¿y

A Have v¿ have got (= Sò hùu, l¿m chÔ, cÍ )

Have got thõñng ½õôc dÓng hïn have VÉ vây bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:

We ’ve got a new car hay We have a new car.



ChÒng téi cÍ mît chiäc xe hïi mði

Ann has got two sisters hay Ann has two sisters.



Ann cÍ hai ngõñi chÌ

ChÒng ta dÓng have got v¿ have ½æ nÍi vå bènh tât, ½au êm

I ’ve got a headache hay I have a headache



CÝu hÏi v¿ cÝu phÔ ½Ình cÍ 3 dÂng sau:

Have you got any money? I haven’t got any money

Khi have mang nghËa sò hùu bÂn khéng dÓng ½õôc vði thæ continuous (is having / are having )

I have / I ’ve got a headache (khéng nÍi 'I'm having')



Téi bÌ nhöc ½ßu

#êi vði thæ qu¾ khö chÒng ta dÓng had (thõñng khéng ½i vði got):

Ann had along fair hair when she was a child (not 'Ann had got')



Khi cÎn nhÏ Ann ½Á cÍ mît m¾i tÍc kh¾ d¿i

Trong cÝu hÏi v¿ phÔ ½Ình chÒng ta dÓng did/didn’t:

Did they have a car when they were living in London?



Khi sêng ò LuÝn ½én hÑ cÍ xe hïi khéng?

I didn’t have a watch, so I didn’t know the time.



Téi khéng cÍ ½ëng hë nãn téi ½Á khéng biät giñ

Ann had a long fair hair, didn’t she?



Ann ½Á cÍ mît m¾i tÍc d¿i phÀi khéng?

B Have breakfast / have a bath / have a good time v.v

Have (khéng ½i vði got) cÕng ½õôc dÓng ½æ diçn ½Ât nhiåu h¿nh ½îng hay sú vièc nhõ:

have breakfast / dinner / a cup of coffee / a cigarette etc

have a bath / a shower / a swim / a rest / a party / a holiday / a nice time etc

Unit 17 Have and have got

have an accident / an experience / a dream ect.

have a look (at something) / a chat (with somebody)

have a baby (=give birth to a baby)

have difficulty / trouble / fun

Goodbye ! I hope you have a nice time.



TÂm bièt nhÃ! Téi hy vÑng anh sÆ vui vÅ

Mary had a baby recently.



Mary mði sinh mît ch¾u bÃ

Have got khéng thæ ½i vði nhùng cÖm t÷ n¿y:

I usually have a sandwich for my lunch (have = eat — not "have got")

Téi cÍ mÞy c¾i b¾nh sandwich ½Ýy BÂn ×n mît c¾i nhÃ?

Trong nhùng cÝu n¿y, have giêng nhõ c¾c ½îng t÷ kh¾c, nghËa l¿ bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng thÉ conutinous (is

having / are having) khi thÈch hôp:

I had a postcard from Fred this morning He’s on holiday He says he ’s having a wonderful



time (not "he has a wonderful time")

Téi ½Á nhân ½õôc mît tÞm bõu thiäp cÔa Fred s¾ng nay Anh Þy ½ang ½i nghÊ Anh Þy nÍi rÙnganh Þy ½ang cÍ mît khoÀng thñi gian tuyèt vñi

The phone rang while we were having dinner (not "while we had")



Khi chÒng téi ½ang ×n cïm thÉ ½ièn thoÂi ½ì chuéng

I don’t usually have a big breakfast (not "I usually haven't")



Téi thõñng khéng ×n ½iæm tÝm nhiåu

What time does Ann have lunch? (not "has Ann lunch")



Ann dÓng bùa trõa v¿o lÒc mÞy giñ?

Did you have any difficulty finding somewhere to live?



BÂn cÍ gÜp khÍ kh×n gÉ trong vièc tÉm nïi sinh sêng khéng?

A HÁy xem xÃt vÈ dÖ sau:

 Dennis stopped smoking two years ago He doesn’t smoke any more.

Dennis ½Á bÏ thuêc l¾ hai n×m trõðc ½Ýy Anh Þy khéng cÎn hÒt thuêc nùa.

 But he used to smoking

Nhõng anh Þy ½Á t÷ng hÒt thuêc

 He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.

Anh Þy ½Á t÷ng hÒt 40 ½iäu thuêc míi ng¿y.

“He used to smoke”= Anh Þy ½Á hÒt thuêc thõñng xuyãn trong mît thñi gian ò qu¾ khö,

nhõng anh Þy bÝy giñ khéng cÎn hÒt thuêc nùa Anh Þy ½Á l¿ mît ngõñi nghièn thuêc, cÎn bÝygiñ thÉ khéng

B ChÒng ta dÓng used to + infinitive ½æ diçn tÀ mît sú vièc n¿o ½Í xÀy ra thõñng xuyãn ò qu¾

khö, nhõng bÝy giñ thÉ khéng cÎn diçn ra nùa

I used to play tennis a lot but I don’t play often now.



Trõðc ½Ýy téi thõñng chïi tennis nhõng bÝy giñ téi khéng cÎn chïi thõñng xuyãn nùa

“Diane you go to cinema a very often?” “Not now, but I used to ” (= I used to go )



"BÂn cÍ thõñng xuyãn ½i xem phim khéng?" " BÝy giñ thÉ khéng, nhõng trõðc ½Ýy thÉ cÍ"

This building is now a furniture shop It used to be a cinema.



TÎa nh¿ n¿y bÝy giñ l¿ mît cøa h¿ng ½ë dÓng gia ½Énh Trõðc ½Ýy nÍ l¿ mît rÂp chiäu phim

I used to think he was unfriendly but now I realise he’s a very nice person.

Téi mði bØt ½ßu uêng c¿ phã gßn ½Ýy Trõðc ½Ýy téi chõa bao giñ thÈch c¿ phã cÀ

Janet used to have very long hair when she was child.



Janet ½Á thõñng ½æ tÍc d¿i khi cé Þy cÎn nhÏ

C “I used to do something” luén ½å câp ½än qu¾ khö, khéng cÍ dÂng thöc hièn tÂi BÂn khéng thæ

nÍi "I use to do" #æ nÍi vå hièn tÂi bÂn phÀi dÓng thÉ present simple (I do).

HÁy so s¾nh:

We used to live there used to be

We live

Unit 18 Used to (do)

there is

We used to live in a small village but now we live in London.



ChÒng téi t÷ng sêng ò mît ngéi l¿ng nhÏ nhõng nay chÒng téi sêng ò LuÝn #én

There used to be four cinemas in the town Now there is only one.



Trõðc kia trong thÌ trÞn cÍ bên rÂp chiäu phim Nhõng hièn nay chÊ cÎn cÍ mît

D HÉnh thöc cÝu hÏi l¿: Did (you) use to ?

Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child?



BÂn cÍ thõñng ×n nhiåu kÇo khi bÂn cÎn nhÏ khéng?

HÉnh thöc cÝu phÔ ½Ình l¿: didn’t use to (cÕng cÍ thæ dÓng used not to )

I didn’t use to like him (or I used not to like him).



Trõðc ½Ýy téi khéng thÈch anh Þy

E HÁy so s¾nh I used to do vði I was doing (xem UNIT 6):

I used to watch TV a lot (= I watched TV regularly in the past, but I no longer do this)



Téi ½Á t÷ng xem truyån hÉnh rÞt nhiåu (= Trõðc kia téi ½Á xem truyån hÉnh thõñng xuyãn, nhõng

bÝy giñ téi khéng cÎn xem nùa).

I was watching TV when the phone rang (= I was in the middle of watching TV)



LÒc ½ièn thoÂi ½ì chuéng thÉ téi ½ang xem truyån hÉnh (Téi ½ang xem truyån hÉnh dò dang).

F #÷ng nhßm lán giùa I used to do v¿ I am used to doing (xem UNIT 60) CÀ cÞu trÒc v¿ ûnghËa cÔa chÒng ½åu kh¾c nhau:

I used to live alone (= I lived alone in the past but I no longer live alone)

living alone for some time)

Téi ½Á quen sêng mît mÉnh (= Hièn nay téi ½ang sêng mît mÉnh v¿ khéng cÀm thÞy ½iåu ½Í xa

l hay mði mÅ vÉ ½Á cÍ mît thñi gian téi sêng mît mÉnh rëi)