Navi Dictionary Dictionary

N A’ VI - E NGLISH D ICTIONARY v 12.282 Compiled by Mark Miller (Markì) and Corey Scheideman (Tirea Aean) www.LearnNavi.org Last updated: August 9th , 2011 This is the definitive dictionary for Na’vi, the language created by Dr Paul Frommer for James Cameron’s film, Avatar The words within come directly from, or are derived from, Dr Frommer This dictionary was originally created and maintained by Richard Littauer (Taronyu) Some notes: The traditional Na’vi transcription in use by Dr Frommer has been maintained throughout: the IPA transcription is given as well Compound non-inflected words and loan words from English have been noted Some lenited words have been included if in the official corpus Some inflected words are included here, if their inclusion is deemed particularly useful Note that adpositions are free if before their modifier, but are bound as a suffix if situated after it Bold indicates Na’vi word Italics indicate English definition Plain text indicates grammatical categorization: parentheses such as «x» represents an infix, where t«pre-first»«1»ar«2»on are the positions: Included are periods in the IPA to mark syllable divisions, and mid-dots to show infix positions (for beginners), as in [t·a.R·on] Irregular infixes are marked with (ii) Transitivity is marked if known: words marked v are either unattested or ambitransitive, or their transitivity is unable to be deduced Known modal verbs and verbs known to use modal syntax are marked with vim, vtrm, or vm, depending upon transitivity according to the previous note Knowledge of lenition and other sound changes will be assumed Monosyllabic words are not noted for having a single primary stress in the IPA; if an enclitic as added, the root will be assumed to have primary stress Note also that allomorphs, where specified, are subject only to personal preference, and not syntactic or morphological rules There are several useful appendices that hold further information Abbreviations: – = morpheme boundary + = leniting morpheme boundary « » = infix morpheme adj = adjective adp = adposition adv = adverb conj = conjunction c.w = compound word dem = demonstrative intj = interjection inter = interrogative n = noun num = number part = particle ph = phrase pn = pronoun prop n = proper noun v = verb svin = stative intransitive verb vtr = transitive verb vin = intransitive verb vm = modal verb vim = intransitive modal verb vtrm = transitive modal verb An English - Na’vi dictionary, and a Dictionary Categorized by Parts of Speech are provided, and may be helpful when searching fails Translations are also available in Estonian, German, Hungarian, Português and Swedish There are also other, unfinished translations in other languages available Sources We have sourced every word as best as we could This sourcing is placed in a subscript after the IPA transcription, and tells where we, or the source from which we received a word, initially got their word from Dr Frommer In early March of 2010, Dr Frommer sent us a list of words which he had: these are the definitive source now, and not the ASG Some words are not present in that list, but have been confirmed by Dr Frommer if they are here Words that are modified by unproductive affixes are included here if Dr Frommer has used them: words that have a modified semantic meaning due to a productive affix have also been included likewise In order of canonicity, from most to least: • • • • • • PF = Dr Paul Frommer M = The Movie JC = James Cameron G = the Avatar Games ASG = The Survival Guide PND = Pandorapedia.com The Activists Survival Guide, a key early source of words, contained many words which are illegal - these are in the appendix However, the plant names and songs are distinctly Frommerian, and are thus included in the dictionary proper James Cameron himself made up many words, which Dr Frommer then legalized Dr Frommer legalized some pronunciation errors made during filming: these, like oìsss, are now canon Finally, Dr Frommer has approved several constructions made by learners as good words, and so, occasionally there are extra sources These sources are as follows: CP for CCH Pounder, LA for Laz Alonso, Prr for Prrton, RL for Richard Littauer, SW for Sigourney Weaver, ZS for Zoë Saldana, CM for Carla Meyer and Skxawng LN is for LearnNavi, specified when the original sourcing has been lost or is ambiguous Regarding the IPA, there are some other possible interpretations Open syllables always use a tense [u] pronunciation, but closed syllables can be either tense [u] or lax [U] There is no > > rule for which to use in closed syllables So tsun, for example, can be either [tsun] or [tsUn], but lu is always [lu], never [lU] Also, an alternate method of transcribing the diphthongs [Ej], [aj], [Ew], and [aw], not used here (for Frommer prefers the former), is [EI], [aI], [EU], and [aU] ˆ have ˆ been ˆ Concerning syllables, where not made clear by Dr Frommer, the divisions split ˆin accordance with the Maximum Onset Principle Also note that stress and ejective markers can be difficult to differentiate One example is the word atxkxe which is described as [at’."k’E] Please note the subtle difference between the characters ’ for ejective, and "for stress This dictionary is a work in progress and is likely to have errors Rutxe, if you note any, let us know here or by email to mark@learnnavi.org, and we will correct them As for version number, we’ll change the first digit when there is a big change We’ll update 0x0 when we make a significant, but not large change Finally, We’ll edit the 00x number when we’ve made tiny edits Refer to the Changelog for explanation We would like to take this opportunity to recognize those who have been instrumental in the creation and maintenance of this dictionary First, thanks to Dr Paul Frommer for his monumental effort in creating this amazing language Eternal thanks to Richard Littauer for originally creating and maintaining this document Thanks also to Tuiq, who applied significant time and skills to put this dictionary into an online database to help other translators and to make the process of updating this dictionary much easier Finally, thanks to everyone in the community on the Learn Na’vi web site who are helping Na’vi to bloom! - Mark Miller (Markì), et alia This page intentionally left blank P ’evenge: ["PE.vE.NE] P F n girl (derived from ’eveng child) ’evi: ["PE.vi] P F n kid (affectionate form of ’eveng child) ’ewan: ["PE.wan] P F adj young ’ewll: ["PE.wl] P F n plant " ’eylan: ["PEj.lan] P F n friend ’eyng: [P·EjN] P F v answer, respond ’eyt: [PEjt^] P F n the symbol (not the value eight) ’i’a: ["P·iP.·a] P F vin end, conclude ’ia: ["P·i.·a] P F vin lose oneself (spiritual sense) ’it: [Pit^] P F n bit, a small amount ’itan: ["Pi.tan] JC,P F n son ’ite: ["Pi.tE] JC,P F n daughter > ’itetsyìp: ["Pi.tE.tsjIp^] P F n little daughter (term of endearment) (derived from ’ite daughter) ’ì’awn: [P·I."P·awn] P F vin remain, stay ’ìheyu: [PI."hE.ju] P F n spiral ’ìn: [P·In] P F vin be busy, be occupied ’o’: [PoP] P F adj bringing fun, exciting ’ok: [Pok^] P F n remembrance ’okrol: [Pok."Rol] P F n history (ancient) (derived from ’ok remembrance and rol sing) ’okvur: [Pok."vuR] P F n history (non-ancient) (derived from ’ok remembrance and vur story) ’om: [Pom] P F adj violet, purple, magenta ’ompin: ["Pom.pin] P F n violet, purple, magenta (derived from ’om purple) ’ong: [P·oN] P F v unfold, blossom ’ongokx: ["P·o.N·ok’] P F vin be born (c.w from ’ong unfold and nokx give birth to) ’opin: ["Po.pin] P F n color, colour ’ora: ["Po.Ra] P F n lake ’otxang: [Po"t’aN] P F n musical instrument (generic term) ’u: [Pu] P F n thing (object, fact, abstraction) ’uo: ["Pu.o] P F pn something ’upe: ["Pu.pE] P F inter what (thing) (c.w from ’u thing and pe inter marker) ’upxare: [Pu."p’a.RE] P F n message ’a’aw: ["Pa.Paw] P F adj a few, several (Used with countable nouns in the singular form) ’akra: ["Pak.ra] P F n soil (fertile) ’aku: ["P·a.k·u] P F vtr remove, take away, take off ’ali’ä: [Pa."liP.æ] P F n collar / choker ’ampi: ["P·am.p·i] P F v touch ’ango: ["Pa.No] P F adj soft (of a sound) ’are: ["Pa.RE] P F n poncho, cape, shawl ’aw: [Paw] P F num one ’awkx: [Pawk’] P F n cliff ’awlie: [Paw."li.E] P F adv once (in the past) ’awlo: ["Paw.lo] P F adv once ’awm: [Pawm] P F n camp ’awpo: ["Paw.po] P F pn one individual ’awsiteng: [Paw.si."tEN] P F adv together (c.w from ’aw one and teng same, equal) ’awstengyem: [Paw.stEN."j·Em] P F vtr join two things together (ii) (c.w from ’awsiteng together and yem put) ’awve: ["Paw.vE] P F adj first (ordinal) (derived from ’aw one) ’änsyem: [Pæn."sjEm] P F adj complete ’ärìp: ["P·æ.R·Ip^] P F vtr move ’e’al: ["PE.Pal] P F adj worst ’efu: ["P·E.f·u] P F vtr feel, sense, perceive ’eko: ["P·E.k·o] P F vtr attack ’ekong: ["PE.koN] P F n beat (rhythmic) ’em: [P·Em] P F vtr cook ’emyu: ["PEm.ju] P F n cook, cooker (derived from ’em cook) ’en: [PEn] P F n guess, informed guess, hunch, intuition ’engeng: ["PEN.EN] P F adj level ’en si: ["PEn "s·i] P F vin make an informed guess (derived from ’en guess) ’eoio: ["PE.o.i.o] P F adj ceremonious ’etnaw: ["PEt.naw] P F n shoulder ’evan: ["PE.van] P F n boy (colloquial) (derived from ’evengan boy) ’eve: ["PE.vE] P F n girl (colloquial) (derived from ’evenge girl) ’eveng: ["PE.vEN] P F n child ’evengan: ["PE.vE.Nan] P F n boy (derived from ’eveng child) A atanvi: [a."tan.vi] P F n ray (derived from atan light) atxkxe: [at’."k’E] P F n land atxkxerel: [at’."k’E.REl] P F n map (c.w from atxkxe land and rel picture) au: ["a.u] JC n drum (made of skin) au: [a."u] LA intj exclamation of consternation aungia: [a."u.Ni.a] P F n sign, omen awnga: [aw."Na] P F pn we (derived from ayoeng we) ayfo: [aj."fo] or ["aj.fo] P F pn they (derived from po he, she) aylaru: [aj."la.Ru] P F pn to the others (contraction of ay+lahe–ru) aynga: [aj."Na] P F pn you all, you (pl.) (derived from nga you) ayoe: [aj."o.E] P F pn we, us (exclusive) (derived from oe I) ayoeng: [aj."wEN] P F pn we, us (inclusive) (derived from oe I) (ayoenga– base for suffixes) ayu: [a."ju] P F n things (derived from ’u thing) (never plural u) a: [a] P F sbd which, that –a–: [a] P F affix adjectival attribution and subordination marker akrrmaw: [a."kr.maw] P F conj after (temporal) " mawkrra (c.w from krr time allomorph of and maw after) akrrta: [a."kr.ta] P F conj since (temporal) allomorph of" takrra (c.w from krr time and ta from) alaksi: [a."lak.si] P F adj ready alìm: [a."lIm] P F adv far away, at a distance (derived from lìm far, be far) alo: ["a.lo] P F n time, turn, instance, one of a number of repeated or recurring actions alu: ["a.lu] P F conj that is, in other words (derived from a subordinator and lu be) (Used for adpositions) alunta: [a."lun.ta] P F conj because, from the reason am’a: [am."Pa] P F n doubt apxa: [a."p’a] P F adj large asim: [a."sim] P F adv nearby, at close range (derived from sim near, be near) atan: [a."tan] JC n light Ä ätxäle si: [æ."t’æ.lE "s·i] P F vin request (with tsnì clause for object) (derived from ätxäle request) äie: [æ."i.E] P F n vision (spiritual) äo–: ["æ.o] P F adp below ätxäle: [æ."t’æ.lE] P F n request E eampin: ["E.am.pin] P F n blue, green (derived from ean blue, green) ean: ["E.an] P F adj blue, green ekxan: [E."k’an] P F n barricade, obstruction eltu: ["El.tu] P F n brain eltu lefngap: ["El.tu lE."fNap^] P rr n computer (c.w from eltu brain and lefngap metallic) eltur tìtxen si: ["El.tuR tI."t’En s·i] P F vin be interesting, intriguing (derived from eltu-r brain (dative) and tìtxen awakeness) eltu si: ["El.tu s·i] P F vin pay attention, quit goofing off (derived from eltu brain) emrey: [Em."R··Ej] P F vin survive emza’u: [Em."z·a.P·u] P F vtr pass (a test), overcome (c.w from za’u come) eo–: ["E.o] P F adp before, in front of (place) etrìp: ["Et.RIp^] auspicious PF adj favourable, favorable, eyawr: [E."jawR] P F adj correct, right eyk: [·Ejk^] JC,P F vtr lead eyktan: ["Ejk.tan] eyk lead) JC n leader (derived from F fnan: [fn·an] P F vtr be good at fnawe’: [fna."wEP] P F adj cowardly fnawe’tu: [fna."wEP.tu] P F n coward (derived from fnawe’ cowardly) fne–: [fnE] P F prefix kind, type (derived from fnel kind, type) fnel: [fnEl] P F n kind, type fnepe: ["fnE.pE] P F inter which kind allomorph of pefnel fngap: [fNap^] P F n metal fnu: [fn·u] P F v quiet, be quiet fo: [fo] P F pn they (derived from ay+ deleted plural leniting morpheme and po he/she) fpak: [fp·ak^] P F v hold off, suspend action fpe’: [fp·EP^] P F vtr send fpeio: [fpE."i.o] P F n challenge (ceremonial) fpi+: [fpi] P F adp for the sake of, for the benefit of fpìl: [fp·Il] P F vtr think fpìlfya: ["fpIl.fja] P F n thought pattern, way of thinking (c.w from fpìl think and fya’o path) fpom: [fpom] P F n well-being, peace, happiness fpomtokx: [fpom."tok’] P F n health (physical) (c.w from fpom well-being and tokx body) fpxäkìm: ["fp’·æ.k·Im] P F v enter fra’u: ["fRa.Pu] P F pn everything (derived from ’u thing) frakrr: ["fRa.kr] P F adv always, all the time (derived from" krr time) fralo: ["fRa.lo] P F adv every time, every instance, each time (derived from alo time) frapo: ["fRa.po] P F pn everyone (derived from po he/she) frato: ["fRa.to] P F part superlative marker than all (behaves like an adp.) fratrr: [fRa."tr] P F adv daily, every day (derived " from trr day) > fratseng: ["fRa.tsEN] P F adv everywhere (derived from tseng place) fratxon: [fRa."t’on] P F adv every night (derived from txon night) frawzo: [fRaw."zo] P F intj all is well, everything is fine or OK (derived from fra’u everything and zo be well) frìp: [fR·Ip^] P F vtr bite frrfen: ["f·r.f·En] P F vtr visit " frrtu: ["fr.tu] P F n guest, visitor " fa–: [fa] P F adp with, by means of fahew: [fa."hEw] P F n smell fay+: [faj] P F prefix these (c.w from fì this and ay+ plural) fäpa: ["fæ.pa] P F n top fe’: [fEP] P F adj bad fekem: ["fE.kEm] P F n accident (c.w from fe’ bad and kem action) few–: [fEw] P F adp across, aiming for the opposite side of fewi: ["f·E.w·i] P F vtr chase > fewtusok: ["fEw.tsok^] P F adj opposite, on the opposite side (derived from few– across) fì–: [fI] P F prefix this fì’u: [fI."Pu] P F pn this (thing) (derived from ’u thing) fìfya: [fI."fja] P F adv this way, like this (derived from fya’o path) fìkem: [fI."kEm] P F pn this (action) (derived from kem action, deed) fìpo: ["fI.po] P F pn this one (person or thing) (derived from po he, she) fìtrr: [fI."tr] P F adv today (derived from trr day) > " fìtseng(e): [fI."tsEN(E)] P F adv here, this place (derived from tseng place) fìtxan: [fI."t’an] P F adv so, to such an extent (derived from txan great, much) fìtxon: [fI."t’on] P F adv tonight (derived from txon night) fkarut: ["fk·a.R·ut^] P F v peel fkay: [fkaj] P F adj hateful fkew: [fkEw] P F adj mighty fkeytok: ["fkEj.t·ok^] P F vin exist (derived from kifkeyti tok be in the world) fkip–: [fkip^] P F adp up among fko: [fko] P F pn one, they (singular usage) (unspecified agent) fkxake: ["fk’·a.k·E] P F v itch fkxen: [fk’En] P F n vegetable (food) fkxile: ["fk’i.lE] P F n bib necklace flä: [fl·æ] P F vin succeed flew: [flEw] P F n throat fmal: [fm·al] P F vtr sustain fmawn: [fmawn] P F n news, something to report fmetok: ["fm·E.t·ok^] P F v test fmi: [fm·i] P F vtrm try, attempt (with the subjunctive) fu: [fu] P F conj or fuke: [fu."kE] P F conj or not (c.w from fu or and ke not) fula: ["fu.la] P F pn., sbd that (c.w from fì’ul this (agentive) and a subordinator) furia: ["fu.Ri.a] P F pn., sbd that (c.w from fì’uri this (topical) and a subordinator) futa: ["fu.ta] P F pn., sbd that (c.w from fì’u-t this (patientive) and a subordinator) fwa: [fwa] P F pn., sbd that (subordinate clause marker) (c.w from fì’u this (subjective) and a subordinator) fwefwi: ["fw·E.fw·i] P F v whistle fwel: [fwEl] P F adj broken fwew: [fw·Ew] P F vtr look for, seek, search fya’o: ["fja.Po] P F n path, way, manner fyape: ["fja.pE] P F inter how allomorph of pefya fyawìntxu: [fja.w·In."t’·u] P F vin guide (with dative of thing guided) (c.w from fya’o path and wìntxu show) fyeyn: [fjEjn] P F adj ripe, mature, adult fyeyntu: ["fjEjn.tu] P F n adult person (derived from fyeyn ripe, mature) ftang: [ft·aN] P F vim stop ftawnemkrr: [ftaw."nEm.kr] P F n past (c.w " (passive participle from ft«awn»em pass by form) and krr time) ftär: [ftæR] P F adj left (not right) fte: [ftE] P F conj so that, in order to (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) fteke: ["ftE.kE] P F conj so that not, lest (c.w from fte so that and ke not) (with subjunctive verb in dependant clause) ftem: [ft·Em] P F vtr pass by (something) ftia: [ft·i.·"a] P F vtr study ftu–: [ftu] P F adp from (direction) ftue: ["ftu.E] P F adj easy, simple ftxavang: ["ft’a.vaN] P F adj passionate ftxey: [ft’·Ej] P F vtr choose ftxey: [ft’Ej] P F conj whether, or ftxì: [ft’I] P F n tongue ftxìlor: [ft’I."loR] P F adj delicious, good tasting (c.w from ftxì tongue and lor beautiful) ftxìvä’: [ft’I."væP] P F adj bad tasting (c.w from ftxì tongue and vä’ noisome) ftxozä: [ft’o."zæ] P F n celebration, happy occasion ftxozä si: [ft’o."zæ s·i] P F v celebrate (derived from ftxozä celebration) H hawnu: ["h·aw.n·u] P F vtr protect, shelter hawnven: [hawn."vEn] P F n shoe (c.w from hawnu protect and venu foot) hawre’: [haw."REP] P F n hat (c.w from hawnu protect and re’o head) > hawtsyìp: ["haw.tsjIp^] P F n nap (derived from hahaw sleep) hay: [haj] P F adj next hayalo: [ha."ja.lo] P F adv next time (c.w from hay next and alo time) hek: [h·Ek^] P F vin be curious, odd, strange, unexpected hermeyp: [hER."mEjp^] P F n snow flurry (derived from herwì snow and meyp weak) hertxayo: ["hER.t’a.jo] P F n snow field (derived from herwì snow and txayo field) herwì: ["hER.wI] P F n snow herwìva: ["hER.wI.va] P F n snowflake (derived from herwì snow and ìlva flake) hewne: ["hEw.nE] P F adj soft (of an object) ha: [ha] P F adv so, in that case ha’ngir: [haP."NiR] P F n afternoon hahaw: ["h·a.h·aw] P F vin sleep ham: [ham] P F adj previous hamalo: [ha."ma.lo] P F adv last time (c.w from ham previous and alo time) hangham: ["h·aN.h·am] P F vin laugh hapxì: [ha."p’I] P F n part hapxìtu: [ha."p’I.tu] P F n member (derived from hapxì part) hasey: [ha."sEj] P F adj done, finished hasey si: [ha."sEj "s·i] P F v accomplish, bring to a conclusion (derived from hasey done, finished) hawl: [h·awl] P F v prepare hawng: [hawN] P F n overabundance hawngkrr: ["hawN.kr] P F adv late (c.w from " hawng overabundance and krr time) > hawntsyokx: [hawn."tsjok’] P F n glove (c.w from hawnu protect and tsyokx hand) heyn: [h·Ejn] P F vin sit hiyìk: ["hi.jIk^] P F adj funny, strange hì’ang: ["hI.PaN] P F n insect (c.w from hì’i small and ioang animal) hì’i: ["hI.Pi] P F adj small, little (in size) hìkrr: ["hI.kr] P F n second, very short time (c.w from hì’i" little, small and krr time) hìm: [hIm] P F adj small (in quantity) hìmtxampe: [hIm."t’am.pE] P F inter how much allomorph of pìmtxan hìmtxan: [hIm."t’an] P F n amount (c.w from hìm small and txan much) hìno: [hI."no] P F adj fine, detailed, precise, intricate (of things) hìtxoa: [hI."t’o.a] P F intj excuse me (derived from hì’i small and txoa forgiveness) hol: [hol] P F adj few holpxay: [hol."p’aj] P F n number (c.w from hol few and pxay many) holpxaype: [hol."p’aj.pE] P F inter how many (c.w from holpxay number and pe how) hrrap: ["hr.ap^] P F n danger hu–: [hu] "P F adp with (accompaniment) hufwa: [hu."fwa] P F conj although hufwe: [hu."fwE] P F n wind > hufwetsyìp: [hu."fwE.tsjIp^] P F n zephyr (derived from hufwe wind) > hultstxem: [h·ul."tst’·Em] P F vtr hinder hum: [h·um] P F v leave, depart I ioi si: [i."o.i s·i] P F vin adorn (derived from ioi i’en: ["iP.En] JC n stringed instrument adornment) io–: ["i.o] P F adp above irayo: [i."Raj.o] JC n., intj thank you, thanks ioang: [i."o.aN] P F n animal, beast ioi: [i."o.i] P F n adornment, or ceremonial apparel irayo si: [i."Raj.o "s·i] P F vin thank, give thanks (derived from irayo thanks) (item of) Ì ìì: [I:] P F filler um, er ìlä+: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] P F adp by, via, following ìley: [I."lEj] LA intj war cry ìlva: ["Il.va] P F n flake, drop, chip ìpxa: [I."p’a] RL,P F n fern K ka–: [ka] P F adp across, covering thoroughly kakrel: [kak."REl] P F adj blind (derived from rel image, picture) kalin: [ka."lin] P F adj sweet kaltxì: [kal."t’I] P F intj hello kaltxì si: [kal."t’I "s·i] P F vin say hello, greet (derived from kaltxì hello) kame: ["k·a.m·E] P F vtr see, see into, understand, know (spiritual sense) kan: [k·an] P F vm aim kan’ìn: ["k·an.P·In] P F vtr focus on, specialize in, be particularly interested in (derived from ’ìn be busy) kangay: [ka."Naj] P F adj valid (cognate with true) kanu: ["ka.nu] P F adj smart, intelligent (for a person) kar: [k·aR] P F vtr teach karyu: ["kaR.ju] P F n teacher (derived from kar teach) kato: ["ka.to] P F n rhythm kavuk: [ka."vuk^] P F n treachery kavuk si: [ka."vuk^ "s·i] P F vin betray (derived from kavuk treachery) kaw’it: [kaw."Pit^] P F adv at all, not at all (see ke kaw’it not at all) (c.w from ke ’aw not one and ’it bit) kawkrr: ["kaw.kr] P F adv never (c.w from ke " krr time) ’aw not one and kawng: [kawN] P F adj bad, evil kawngsar: ["kawN.s·aR] P F vtr exploit > kawtseng: ["kaw.tsEN] P F adv nowhere (c.w from ke ’aw not one and tseng place) kawtu: ["kaw.tu] P F pn no-one (c.w from ke ’aw not one and tute person) kaym: [kajm] P F n evening (before twilight), late afternoon kä: [k·æ] P F vin go kä’ärìp: [kæ."P·æ.R·Ip^] P F vtr push (c.w from kä go and ’ärìp move) kämakto: [kæ."m·ak.t·o] P F v ride out (c.w from kä go and makto ride) käpxì: [kæ."p’I] P F n rear (part or section) (c.w from kä go and hapxì part) > käsatseng: [kæ."sa.tsEN] P F adv out there (c.w from kä go and tseng place) käteng: ["k·æ.tEN] P F vin spend time with, hang out with ke: [kE] P F adv not ke’aw: [kE."Paw] P F adj divided, torn apart, strife-ridden (c.w from ke not and ’aw one) ke’u: ["kE.Pu] P F pn., adv not a thing, nothing at all, not at all (c.w from ke not and ’u thing) kea: ["kE.a] P F adj no (before a noun) keftxo: [kE."ft’o] P F adj., intj unhappy, upset, ’How sad!’ kefyak: [kE."fjak^] P F,P rr part isn’t it?, right? (c.w from kefya not the way and srak question marker) kehe: ["kE.hE] P F part., intj no kekem: ["kE.kEm] P F pn., adv no action or activity (c.w from ke not and kem activity) kelfpomtokx: [kEl."fpom.tok’] P F adj unhealthy (c.w from ke not and fpomtokx health) kelku: ["kEl.ku] P F n home, house kelku si: ["kEl.ku "s·i] P F vin live, dwell (derived from kelku home) > keltsun: [kEl."tsun] P F adj impossible (c.w from ke not and tsun be able) kem: [kEm] P F n thing (action), deed kemlì’u: ["kEm.lI.Pu] P F n verb (c.w from kem action and lì’u word) kemlì’uvi: ["kEm.lI.Pu.vi] P F n infix (derived from kemlì’u verb) kempe: ["kEm.pE] P F inter what (action) allomorph of pehem (c.w from kem action, deed) kem si: ["kEm "s·i] P F vin (derived from kem action, deed) keng: [kEN] P F adv even, so much as kenong: ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] P F v model, represent, exemplify (ii) (c.w from ke not and nong follow) kerusey: ["kE.Ru.sEj] P F adj dead (c.w from ke not and r«us»ey alive (participle infix)) keteng: ["kE.tEN] P F adj different (c.w from ke not and teng same, equal) > > ketsuktswa’: [kE.tsuk."tswaP^] P F adj unforgettable (derived from tswa’ forget) ketuwong: ["kE.tu.woN] P F n alien kew: [kEw] P F num zero kewong: ["kE.woN] P F adj alien key: [kEj] P F n face keyawr: [kE."jawR] P F adj incorrect, not right (c.w from ke not and eyawr correct) keye’ung: [kE."jE.PuN] P F n insanity keyrel: ["kEy.REl] n facial expression (c.w from key face and rel image) ki: [ki] P F conj but rather, but instead kifkey: [ki."fkEj] P F n world (physical, solid) kilvan: [kil."van] P F n river kin: [k·in] P F vtr need kinam: [ki."nam] P F n leg kinamtil: [ki."nam.til] P F n knee (c.w from kinam leg and til joint) kinä: ["ki.næ] P F num seven kintrr: ["kin.tr] P F n week (derived from kinä " day) seven and trr kintrram: ["kin.tram] P F n last week (derived " from kintrr week) kintrray: ["kin.traj] P F n next week (derived " from kintrr week) kip–: [kip^] P F adp among kive: ["ki.vE] P F adj seventh (ordinal) (derived from kinä seven) kì’ong: [kI."PoN] P F adj slow kìm: [k·Im] P F v spin kìng: [kIN] P F n thread kìte’e: [kI.tE."PE] P F n service kìte’e si: [kI.tE."PE "s·i] P F vin serve (derived from kìte’e service) kllfro’: [kl."fR·oP] P F vin be responsible " kllkä: [kl."k·æ] P F v descend (c.w from kä go) " kllkulat: [kl."k·u.l·at^] P F v dig up " kllkxem: [kl."k’·Em] P F v stand " kllpa: ["kl.pa] P F n bottom " kllpxìltu: [kl."p’Il.tu] P F n territory " kllte: ["kl.tE] P F n ground > " klltseng: ["kl.tsEN] P F n position (derived from " tseng place) kllvawm: ["kl.vawm] P F adj brown (c.w from " and vawm dark) kllte ground 10 zamtsìvosìng Example Number zam + tsìvo + sìng 64 + 4∗8 + 100 Non-Na’vi Numbers ’eyt nayn B Time Here is a list of the Pandoran times of the day, as well as names made for the terrestrial week Stress is again shown with underlining Trrtxon trr’ong trr’ongmaw rewon srekamtrr kxamtrr kxamtrrmaw ha’ngir kaym sreton’ong txon’ong txon’ongmaw txon srekamtxon kxamtxon kxamtxomaw txon sresrr’ong trr’ong C dawn after dawn morning before noon noon after noon early afternoon late afternoon before nightfall nightfall after nightfall night before midnight midnight after midnight night before dawn dawn Days of the Terrestrial Week Sunday trr’awve Monday trrmuve Tuesday trrpxeyve Wednesday trrtsìve Thursday trrmrrve Friday trrpuve Saturday trrkive Na’vi Loan Words > ’Ìnglìsì: ["PIN.lI.sI] P F n English language (loa- matsa: [ma.tsa] P F n matsa, crackers (loaned ned from Eng English) from Hebrew matsa) ’Rrta: ["Pr.ta] P F,P rr prop.n Earth (loaned nìFranse: [nI."fRan.sE] P F adv French, in French " Earth) (loaned from Eng French) from Eng nìToitsye: [nI."to.i.tsjE] P F adv German, Europa: [E.u."Ro.pa] P F prop.n Europe (loaned Deutsch (loaned from Deutsch German) from Greek Europe) Pari: [pa.Ri] P F prop.n Paris (loaned from > hametsì: [ha.mE.tsI] P F n leavened bread (loaFrench Paris) ned from Hebrew chametz) päsketpol: [pæ.skEt.pol] P F n basketball (loaJakesully: [ZEjk’su:li] M n moron, toruk makned from Eng basketball) " > toyu (loaned from Eng Jake Sully) (not nor- pätsì: ["pæ.tsI] P F n badge (loaned from Eng mally allowable under Na’vi phonotactic badge) rules) pìlok: [pI."lok^] P F n blog (loaned from Eng blog) kunsìp: ["kun.sIp^] P F n gunship (loaned from Eng gunship) puk: [puk^] P F n book (loaned from Eng book) 31 > puktsyìp: ["puk.tsjIp^] P F n pamphlet, booklet (derived from puk book) pxir: [p’iR] P F n beer (loaned from Deutsch bier) skxaypxe: ["sk’aj.p’E] P F n Skype (loaned from English Skype) Sweriye: [swERijE] P F prop.n Sweden tawsìp: ["taw.sIp^] P F n sky-ship (loaned from Eng ship) toktor: ["tok.toR] P F n doctor (loaned from Eng doctor) > tsyänel: [tsjæ.nEl] P F n TV channel (loaned from Eng channel) > tsyìräfì: [tsjI.Ræ.fI] P F n giraffe (loaned from Eng giraffe) wou: ["w·o.·u] P F svin be amazing, fascinating (slang) (loaned from Eng whoa) Yeysu: [jEj.su] Italian Jesu) PF prop.n Jesus (loaned from Yu.E.Sey: [ju.E.sEj] from Eng USA) 32 PF prop.n USA (loaned D Na’vi Proper Nouns Akwey: [ak."wEj] JC prop.n male Na’vi Amhul: [am."hul] P F prop.n female Na’vi Ateyitan: [a.tEj.i.tan] JC prop.n son of Ateyo (derived from Ateyo male name and ’itan son) Ateyo: [a."tE.jo] JC prop.n male Na’vi ayRam aLusìng: [aj."Ram a.lu."sIN] P F prop.n the Floating Mountains (c.w from ram mountain and lìng hover) ayVitrayä Ramunong: [aj.vit."Ra.jæ Ra."mu.noN] JC prop.n Well of Souls (c.w from vitra soul and ramunong well) Änsìt: ["æn.sIt^] P F prop.n male Na’vi Entu: ["En.tu] P F prop.n male Na’vi Eytukan: ["Ej.tu.kan] JC prop.n male leader of the Omatikaya Eywa: ["Ej.wa] JC prop.n world spirit, Gaia (derived from Proto-Indo-European *aiw) RL Eywa’eveng: [­Ej.wa."PE.vEN] JC,P F prop.n Pandora (informal pronunciation [Ej."wE.vEN]) (c.w from Eywa Gaia and ’eveng child) Iknimaya: ["ik.ni."ma.ja] JC prop.n Stairway to Heaven, the rite of passage for young Na’vi Ìstaw: [I."staw] P F prop.n male Na’vi Kamun: ["ka.mun] P F prop.n male Na’vi (affectionate form Kamtsyìp) Kelutral: ["kE.lut.Ral] P F prop.n Hometree (c.w from kelku home and utral tree) Li’ona: [li.Po.na] G,P F prop.n a clan Loak: ["lo.ak^] P F prop.n male Na’vi Mo’at: ["mo.Pat^] JC prop.n tsahìk of the Omatikaya (also pronounced Moat) Mo’at’ite: [mo.Pat.Pi.tE] JC prop.n daughter of Mo’at (derived from Mo’at a woman and ’ite daughter) Na’vi: ["naP.vi] P F prop.n the People, indigenous Pandoran sentient race Newey: [nE."wEj] P F prop.n female Na’vi Neytiri: [nEj.ti.Ri] JC prop.n female Na’vi of the Omatikaya Ninat: [ni.nat^] JC prop.n female singer of the Omatikaya Omatikaya: [o.ma.ti."ka.ja] JC prop.n Blue Flute Clan Otranyu: [ot."Ran.ju] JC prop.n name Peyral: [pEj."Ral] P F prop.n female of the Omatikaya Ralu: ["Ra.lu] P F prop.n male Na’vi Rini: ["Ri.ni] P F prop.n female Na’vi Rongloa: ["RoN.lo.a] JC prop.n a clan Seze: ["sE.zE] ZS prop.n Neytiri’s banshee Silwanin: [sil.wa.nin] JC prop.n Neytiri’s sister Sorewn: [so."REwn] P F prop.n female Na’vi Swotulu: ["swo.tu.lu] P F prop.n sacred river (derived from swotu sacred place) Tawtute: ["taw.tu.tE] P F prop.n Sky-person, human (c.w from taw sky and tute person) > Tsahìk: ["tsa.hIk^] JC prop.n matriarch, high priestess, interpreter > Tsenu: ["tsE.nu] P F prop.n female Na’vi > Tskaha: ["tska.ha] JC prop.n a tribe or clan > Tsu’tey: [tsuP."tEj] JC prop.n male of the Omatikaya > Tsumongwi: [tsu.moN.wi] JC prop.n original name for the Omatikaya Tuke: ["tu.kE] P F prop.n female Na’vi Txewì: ["t’E.wI] P F prop.n male Na’vi Txilte: ["t’il.tE] P F prop.n female Na’vi Uniltaron: [­u.nil."ta.Ron] P F prop.n Dream Hunt (c.w from unil dream and taron hunt) Utral Aymokriyä: ["ut.Ral aj."mok.Ri.jæ] JC,P F prop.n Tree of Voices (c.w from utral tree and mokri voice)(from utraya mokri J C) Va’ru: ["vaP.Ru] P F prop.n male Na’vi 33 E Flora and Fauna Flora ’ampirikx: ["Pam.pi.Rik’] P F n leaf pitcher plant (c.w from ’ampi touch and rikx move) ’ä’o: ["Pæ.Po] P F n pitcher plant ’ele’wll: ["PE.lEP.wl] P F n thorny paw, cactus " (derived from ’ewll plant) anìheyu: [a.nI."hE.ju] P F n fibonacci, blue spiral plant (c.w from ean blue and ’ìheyu spiral) apxangrr: [a."p’a.Nr] P F n delta tree (c.w from " apxa large and ngrr root) atokirina’: [a.to.ki."Ri.naP] JC n seeds of the great tree awaiei: [a.wa.i."E.i] P F n banshee of paradise eanean: ["E.an."E.an] P F n cheadle, herbaceous plant (c.w from ean blue) eyaye: [E."ja.jE] P F n warbonnet fkxakewll: ["fk’a.kE.wl] P F n itch plant (c.w " ’ewll plant) from fkxake itch and flefle: ["flE.flE] P F n Sol’s delight, magnetotrophic plant fngapsutxwll: ["fNap.sut’.wl] P F n metalfollowing plant (c.w from" fngap metal and sutx follow) fwäkìwll: ["fwæ.kI.wl] P F n mantis orchid (c.w from fwäkì mantis" and ’ewll plant) hìrumwll: [hI."Rum.wl] P F n puffer plant " kllpxiwll: [kl."p’i.wl] P F n lionberry (c.w from " " kllte ground and pxiwll sharp plant) kxaylte: ["k’ajl.tE] P F n cillaphant (derived from kxayl high) loreyu: [lo."RE.ju] P F n helicoradian, beautiful spiral (c.w from lor beautiful and ’ìheyu spiral) mìnyu: ["mIn.ju] P F n turner, twisted lily (derived from mìn turn) mulpxar: [mul."p’aR] P F n roosterhead plant pa’liwll: ["paP.li.wl] P F n direhorse pitcher plant (c.w from pa’li" direhorse and ’ewll plant) > pamtseowll: ["pam.tsE.o.wl] P F n cat ear, mu" sic plant (c.w from pamtseo music and ’ewll plant) paywll: ["paj.wl] P F n water plant, dapophet " water and ’ewll plant) (c.w from pay penghrrap: [pEN."hr.ap^] P F n binary sunshine, fringed lamp (c.w." from peng tell and hrrap danger) pxayzekwä: [p’aj."zEk.wæ] P F n spiny whips (c.w from pxay many and zekwä finger) pxiut: ["p’i.ut^] P F n razor palm, sharp tree (c.w from pxi sharp and utral tree) pxiwll: ["p’i.wl] P F n hermit bud plant (c.w " and ’ewll plant) from pxi sharp pxorna’: ["p’oR.naP] P F n episoth, exploding seed (c.w from pxor explode and rina’ seed) pxorna’lor: ["p’oR.naP."loR] P F n sari, beautiful exploding seed plant (c.w from pxorna’ exploding seed and lor beautiful) rawp: [Rawp^] P F n bladder polyp rumut: ["Rum.ut^] P F n ball tree (c.w from rum ball and utral tree) seze: ["sE.zE] P F,ZS n blue flower smaoe: [sma."o.E] P F n phalanxia, heavily thorned plant sngukx: [sNuk’] P F n grub plant somtìlor: ["som.tI.loR] P F n popsicle, hot beauty (c.w from som hot and tìlor beauty) syeptute: ["sjEp.tu.tE] P F n hyneman, person trapper (c.w from syep trap and tute person) tautral: ["ta.ut.Ral] P F n sky tree (c.w from taw sky and utral tree) > tawtsngal: ["taw.tsNal] P F n panopyra, sky cup (c.w from taw sky and tsngal cup) tìhawnuwll: [tI."haw.nu.wl] P F n spartan, protection plant (c.w from" tìhawnu protection and ’ewll plant) tompawll: ["tom.pa.wl] P F n geode, rain plant " and ’ewll plant) (c.w from tompa rain torukspxam: ["to.Ruk.sp’am] P F n octoshroom, great leonopteryx fungus (c.w from toruk great leonopteryx and spxam mushroom) > tsawlapxangrr: ["tsawl.a.p’a.Nr] P F n unidelta tree, lit tall large root (c.w." from tsawl big and ngrr root)(for short, tsawlapx) > tstxa’a: ["tst’a.Pa] P F n canalyd > tsyorina’wll: [tsjo.Ri."naP.wl] P F n cycad, flour " seed and ’ewll seed plant (c.w from rina’ plant) txll’u: ["t’l.Pu] P F n hookagourd " txumpaywll: ["t’um.paj.wl] P F n scorpion " (c.w from txum thistle, poison water plant poison and paywll water plant) 34 > txumtsä’wll: [t’um."tsæP.wl] P F n Baja tickler, Vitrautral: [vit."Ra.ut.Ral] P F prop.n Tree of " from tsä’ squirt Souls (c.w from vitra soul and utral tree) poison-squirting plant (c.w and ’ewll plant) yomhì’ang: [jom."hIP.aN] P F n small aniväfewll: ["væ.fE.wl] P F n Centipede, bad-smell mal/insect eater, dakteron (c.w from yom eat " plant (c.w from vä’ unpleasant and fahew and hì’ang insect) smell) värumut: ["væ.Ru.mut^] P F n vein pod (c.w yomioang: [jom.i."o.aN] P F n chalice plant (c.w from yom eat and ioang animal) from vä’ unpleasant and rum ball) Fauna > ’angtsìk: ["PaN.tsIk^] P F n hammerhead eltungawng: ["El.tu.NawN] P F n brainworm (c.w from eltu brain and ngawng worm) fkio: ["fki.o] P F n tetrapteron fpxafaw: ["fp’a.faw] P F n medusa fwampop: ["fwam.pop^] P F n tapirus fwäkì: ["fwæ.kI] P F n mantis ikran: ["ik.Ran] JC n banshee ikranay: ["ik.Ra.naj] ASG n forest banshee (Not PF) kali’weya: [ka.liP.wE.ja] ASG n species of poisonous arachnid kenten: ["kEn.tEn] P F n fan lizard lonataya: [lo.na.ta.ja] ASG n medusa nantang: ["nan.taN] JC,P F n viperwolf Caniferratus costatus, striped armored wolf pa’li: ["paP.li] P F n direhorse palulukan: [­pa.lu."lu.kan] JC n thanator (colloquial [pa."lu.kan]) riti: ["Ri.ti] JC n stingbat syaksyuk: [sjak."sjuk^] P F n prolemuris talioang: ["tal.­i.o.aN] JC n sturmbeest (derived from ioang animal) teylu: ["tEj.lu] JC n beetle larva toruk: ["to.Ruk^] JC n great leonopteryx, last shadow yerik: ["jE.Rik^] P F n hexapede zize’: [zi."zEP] P F n hellfire wasp 35 F Useful Phrases These are some useful phrases Often the word order can be changed, although the morphemes are probably invariable We’ve included these not only to show instances where a phrase encapsulates a single semantic meaning, but also to illustrate set common constructions For this reason we have also included some single words again here Most of these are taken from Dr Frommer’s blog at Naviteri.org They’ve been included in no specific conversational order, but rather alphabetically ’awa swawtsyìp: [] P F ph just a tiny moment, hold on a bit ’efu ohakx: ["P·E.f·u o."hak’] P F ph be hungry ’ivong nìk’ong: [] P F ph slow is fine ’ìn nga fyape nìfkrr: [] P F ph what’s been keeping you busy lately? Aytele a ngeyä hapxìmì kifkeyä lu fyape?: [] P F ph How are things in your part of the world? ätxäle pa(lu)lukanur: [æ."t’æ.lE pa."lu.ka.nuR] P F ph Na’vi idiom: Ätxäle si palulukanur tsnì smarit livonu; “Ask a thanator to release it’s prey”, it’s a foregone conclusion etrìpa syayvi: ["Et.RI.pa "sjaj.vi] P F ph good luck Eywa ngahu: ["Ej.wa "Na.hu] P F,JC ph goodbye, Eywa (be) with you fìpor syaw fko Ìstaw: [] P F ph this is Ìstaw Fnu, ma ’evi Sa’nur leru hawtsyìp Tsivurokx ko.: [] P F ph Quiet, young one Mommy is taking a nap Let her rest ftia oel lì’fyati leNa’vi nì’o’ nìwotx: [] P F ph studying Na’vi is a ton of fun for me! ftxey fuke: [ft’Ej fu."kE] P F ph whether or (derived from ftxey whether and fuke or not) fwäkì ke fwefwi: ["fwæ.kI kE "fw·E.fw·i] P F ph Na’vi idiom: “a mantis doesn’t whistle”, it’s against someone’s or something’s nature fyape fko syaw ngar?: ["fja.pE fko sj·aw NaR] P F ph what are you called, what is your name hayalo ta oe (oeta): [ha."ja.lo ta "o.E ("wE.ta)] P F ph next time from me hayalovay: [ha."ja.lo.vaj] P F ph until next time (c.w from hayalo next time and vay- until) irayo: [i."Raj.o] P F intj thanks, thank you kaltxì: [kal."t’I] P F intj hello (casual) kaltxì sivi, ma Ìstaw: [] P F ph say hello, Ìstaw kea tìkin: ["kE.a tI."kin] P F ph no need (for thanks) kefya srak: [kE."fja "sRak^] P F ph isn’t that so? right? no? ke kaw’it: [kE kaw."Pit^] P F ph not at all (derived from ke not and kaw’it at all) ke pxan: [kE p’an] P F ph I’m not worthy ke tslolam: [] P F ph I didn’t get that, I didn’t understand ke zene win säpivi: [] P F ph take your time, don’t rush kìyevame: [kI.jE."va.m·E] P F intj good-bye, see you again soon krro krro: ["kr.o "kr.o] P F ph at times, on occasion > " " kxetse mikyun kop plltxe: ["k’E.tsE sI "mik.jun kop^ pl."t’E] LN,P F ph Na’vi proverbial phrase: " “the tail and ears also speak”, body language is important ma frapo, ayngaru oeyä tsmukit alu Newey: [] P F ph everybody, please allow me to introduce (to you) my sister, Newey makto zong: ["mak.to zoN] P F ph take care, travel safely ne kllte: ["nE "kl.tE] P F ph get down (c.w from ne to and kllte ground) " nga läpivawk nì’it nì’ul ko: [] P F ph tell me a bit more about yourself nga läpivawk nìno ko: [] P F ph tell me all about yourself nga pesuhu käteng nìtrrtrr: [] P F ph who you normally spend time with? ngari solalew polpxaya zìsìt: [] P F ph how old are you?, how many years have you passed? 36 ngari txe’lan mawey livu: ["Na.Ri t’EP."lan ma."wEj li."vu] P F ph don’t worry, may your heart be calm ngaru lu fpom srak?: ["Na.Ru lu fpom sRak^] P F ph How are you? are you well? ngaru lu pefnetxintìn nìtrrtrr: [] P F ph what is your primary role in society? ngaru oeyä lertut: [] P F ph allow me to introduce my colleague > ngaru tsulfä: ["Na.Ru tsul."fæ] P F ph to your the mastery ngaru tut: ["Na.Ru tut^] P F ph and to you? and you? (After a question with a dative subject) nga yawne lu oer: [Na "jaw.nE lu wER] P F ph I love you, you are beloved to me nga z(ol)a’u ftu peseng: [] P F ph where are you from? ngenga lu tupe: [] P F ph who are you? > ngeyä kxetse lu oeru: ["NEj.æ "k’E.tsE l·u "wE.Ru] P F,JC ph Na’vi idiom: “your tail is mine!”, you’re going down! nìlun ayioi a’eoio ayeyktanä lu lor frato: [] P F ph Of course the ceremonial wardrobes of the leaders are the most beautiful nìprrte’: [nI."pr.tEP] P F adv gladly, I did it with pleasure " sray a txampayìri sim, slä set kelku si mì Helutral: [] oe ’olongokx mì P F ph I was born in a town near the ocean, but I now live in Hometree oe irayo si ngaru: ["o.E i."Raj.o s·i "Na.Ru] P F ph I give thanks to you, thank you oel ngati kameie: [wEl "Na.ti "ka.mE.i.E] P F ph I see you, hello (familiar) oeri solalew zìsìt apxevol: [] P F ph I am 24 years old oeru meuia: ["wE.Ru mE."u.i.a] P F ph an honor to me, it was an honour oeru syaw (fko) Txewì: [] P F ph my name is Txewì oeru teya si: ["wE.Ru tE."ja s·i] P F ph fills me with satisfaction, joy oeru txoa livu: ["wE.Ru "t’o.a li."vu] P F ph please forgive me, may forgiveness be to me oe tskxekeng si säsulìnur alu tsko swizaw: [] P F ph I practice my hobby, which is archery oeyä txintìn lu fwa stä’nì fayoangit: [] P F ph my central role in society is to catch fish pum ngeyä: [pum "NE.jæ] P F ph yours, I should thank you rutxe läpivawk nì’it: [] P F ph please talk a little bit about yourself rutxe liveyn: [] P F ph could you repeat that please? rutxe tivìng mikyun, ma frapo: [] P F ph Your attention, please, everyone! seykxel nitram: [sEj."k’El sI nit."Ram] P F ph strong and happy!, congratulations smon nìprrte’: [smon nI."pr.tEP^] P F ph nice to know you " srake fnan ngal lì’fyati leNa’vi: [] P F ph are you good at Na’vi? srake smon ngar oeyä meylan alu Entu Kamun: [] P F ph you know my friends Entu and Kamun? srefereiey nìprrte’: [] P F ph looking forward to it taronyut yom smarìl: ["ta.Ron.jut j·om smaR.Il] P F ph Na’vi idiom: “the prey eats the hunter”, a totally botched situation, chaos tì’efumì oeyä: [tI."PE.fu.mI "wE.jæ] P F ph in my opinion tì’i’avay krrä: [tI."PiP.a.vaj "kr.æ] P F ph forever, until the end of time " tì’o’ìri peu sunu ngar frato: [] P F ph what is your favorite (favourite) way to have fun? tìk’ìnìri kempe si nga: [] P F ph what you in your free time? tìkangkemìri varmrrìn oe nìwotx: [] P F ph I was completely swamped at work tìkxey ngaru: [tI."k’Ej "Na.Ru] P F ph you’re wrong tìyawr ngaru: [tI."jawR "Na.Ru] P F ph you’re right tokx eo tokx: ["tok’ "E.o "tok’] P F ph face to face, in person Tsalì’uri alu X, ral lu ’upe: [] P F ph what does X mean? > tstunwi: ["tstun.wi] P F adj kind, that was kind of you to say tsun miväkxu hìkrr srak: [] P F ph may I interrupt a moment? 37 tsun nga law sivi nì’it srak: [] P F ph could you make that a bit clearer?, could you explain that further? txon lefpom: [t’on lE."fpom] P F ph good night, peaceful night X-(ì)ri peral: [] P F ph what does X mean? X nìNa’vi (slu) pelì’u: [] P F ph how you say X in Na’vi? za’u nì’eng: ["za.Pu nI."PEN] P F ph share an interest in common zola’u nìprrte’: [zol."a.P·u nI."pr.tEP] P F ph come pleasurably, welcome " 38 G The Alphabet Kemaweyan, Plumps, Prrton, and Tirea Aean came up with a uniquely Na’vi way of listing and pronouncing the 33 phonemes (distinct sounds) in the language—20 consonants, vowels, “pseudo-vowels” (ll, rr), and diphthongs (aw, ay, ew, ey) Here is that list ’ a aw ay ä e ew ey f h i ì tìFtang A AW AY Ä E EW EY Fä Hä I Ì The Alphabet k KeK kx Kxekx l LeL ll ’Ll m MeM n NeN ng NgeNg o O p PeP px PxePx r ReR rr ’Rr 39 s t tx ts u v w y z Sä TeT TxeTx Tsä U Vä Wä Yä Zä H Inflections Verbal Infixes alm: [al.m] LN perfective past tense verbal infix in position (PERF PAST), derived from am + ol: Oe tsng«alm»awvìk I wept aly: [al.j] LN perfective future tense verbal infix in position (PERF FUT.), derived from ay + ol: Oe h«aly»angham I will have laughed am: [a.m] LN past tense verbal infix in position (PAST.): Oe tsw«am»ayon I flew arm: [aR.m] LN imperfective past tense verbal infix in position (IMPF PAST.), derived from am + er: Oe tsng«arm»awvìk I was weeping ary: [aR.j] LN imperfective future tense verbal infix in position (IMPF FUT.), derived from ay + er: Oe h«ary»angham I will be laughing asy: [a.sj] P F future tense with determination verbal infix in position (FUT D ): Oel tsp«asy»ang palulukanit I will definitely kill the thanator > ats: [a.ts] LN inferential, indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge verbal infix in position (INFR ): Oel tsp«ats»ang poanit I killed him (I think.) awn: [aw.n] P F passive participle verbal infix in position (P PART.): Oe t«awn»aron-a túte lu I am a hunted person ay: [a.j] LN future tense verbal infix in position (FUT.): Oel yerikit t«ay»aron I will hunt the yerik äng: [æ.N] LN pejorative affect verbal infix in position (PEJ ): Oe sr«äng»ew I dance (ugh!) äp: [æ.p] P F reflexive verbal infix the pre-first position (REFL ): Oe st«äp»eftxaw I check myself ei: [E.i] LN laudative affect verbal infix in position (LAUD ): Oe sr«ei»ew I dance (hooray!) er: [E.R] P F imperfective aspect verbal infix in position (IMPF.): Oe t«er»ìran I am walking eyk: [Ej.k] P F causative verbal infix the pre-first position (CAUS ): Oel t«eyk»erkup pot I caused him to die ilv: [il.v] P F present perfective subjunctive verbal infix in position (PRES PER SUBJ ): Oe new tsl«ilv»am I want to understand imv: [im.v] P F past subjunctive verbal infix in position (PAST SUBJ ): Oeyä swizaw nìngay timvakuk May my arrow have struck true irv: [iR.v] P F present imperfective subjunctive verbal infix in position (PRES IMPF SUBJ ): Oe new tsl«irv»am I want to be understanding iv: [i.v] LN subjunctive mood verbal infix in position (SUBJ ): Ngal new futa oe w«iv»em You want this thing: for me to fight iyev: [i.jE.v] P F future subjunctive verbal infix in position (FUT SUBJ ): Oel k«iyev»ame ngati I will see you soon ìlm: [Il.m] LN perfective recent past tense verbal infix in position (PERF REC PAST.), derived from ìm + ol: Oe t«ìlm»ätxaw I just now returned ìly: [Il.j] LN perfective immediate future tense verbal infix in position (PERF IMM FUT.), derived from ìy + ol: Oe h«ìly»ahaw I will have slept soon ìm: [I.m] LN recent past verbal infix in position (REC PAST.): Oe tsw«ìm»ayon I just flew ìrm: [IR.m] LN imperfective recent past tense verbal infix in position (IMPF REC PAST.), derived from ìm + er: Oe t«ìrm»ätxaw I was just now returning ìry: [IR.j] LN imperfective immediate future tense verbal infix in position (IMPF IMM FUT.), derived from ìy + er: Oe h«ìry»ahaw I will be sleeping soon ìsy: [I.sj] P F immediate future tense with determination verbal infix in position (IMM FUT D ): Oel tsp«ìsy»ang palulukanit I will definitely kill the thanator soon 40 ìy: [I.j] LN immediate future tense verbal infix in position (IMM FUT.): Oel yerikit t«ìy»aron I will hunt the yerik soon ìyev: [I.jE.v] P F future subjunctive verbal infix in position (FUT SUBJ ): Oel k«ìyev»ame ngati I will see you soon ol: [o.l] P F perfective aspect verbal infix in position (PERF.): Oe t«ol»ìran I walked (finished action) us: [u.s] LN active participle verbal infix in position (A PART.): Oe t«us»aron-a túte lu I am a hunting person uy: [u.j] P F honorific (honourific) or ceremonial verbal infix in position (HON ): Na’viyä, l«uy»u hapxì You are part of The People Noun Case Inflections –ä: [æ] P F genitive suffix for nouns ending in a everything but a, ä, e, i and ì (allomorph of yä) (GEN ): Oel yom ikranä yerikit I eat the ikran’s yerik –it: [it^] P F patientive suffix for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of t, ti) (PAT.): Oel taron yerikit I hunt the yerik –ìl: [Il] P F agentive case suffix for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of l) (ERG ): Ikranìl taron yerikit The ikran hunts the yerik –ìri: [IRi] P F topical suffix for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of ri) (TOP.): Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi oe I apologise for this moron –l: [l] LN agentive case for nouns ending in a vowel (ERG ): Oel taron yerikit I hunt the yerik –ri: [Ri] P F topical for nouns ending in a vowel (TOP.): Ayngari zene hivum You must leave –ru: [Ru] LN dative suffix for nouns ending in a vowel (allomorph of –ur) (DAT.): Oel syuvet ngaru tìng I give food to you –t: [t^] LN patientive suffix for nouns ending in a vowel (allomorph of it, ti) (PAT.): Oel ngat kame I see you –ti: [ti] LN patientive for pronouns and nouns (PAT.): Ngati taron torukìl The toruk hunts you –ur: [uR] P F dative suffix for nouns ending in a consonant, dipthong, or pseudo-vowel (allomorph of –ru) (DAT.): Ayeylanur oeyä To my friends –y: [j] P F genitive for pronouns ending in a or e (casual speech) (GEN ): Ngey toruk sìltsan lu Your toruk is good –ya: [ja] P F,M vocative suffix for collective nouns: Mawey, Na’viya Calm, you Na’vi –yä: [jæ] LN genitive suffix for nouns ending in a a, ä, e, i and ì (allomorph of ä) (GEN ): Oel yeiom Neytiriyä yerikit I happily eat Neytiri’s yerik (Causes vowel fronting of a in pronouns: may look like –eyä) Other Inflections This is a list of Na’vi morphemes that can attach to the word that changes some aspect of the meaning Not all Na’vi inflections are productive (pro.) indicates complete productivity, where they can be applied to any of the subset of words that Dr Frommer has indicated they can modify, and would be canonical, even if unattested They cannot be used on parts of speech that aren’t specified - for instance, attaching the clusivity marker –ng would make no sense on the word for blue, ean All of the verbal infixes and case markers, above, are entirely productive –a–: [a] P F (pro.) adjectival attribution and subordination marker: Oel txantsana ikranit aean tswayon I fly the excellent blue ikran 41 –an: [an] LN masculine suffix for certain nouns: Poan täftxuyu lu He is a weaver ay+: [aj] P F (pro.) plural for nouns (PL ): Ay+horen flä The rules succeed –e: [E] P F feminine suffix for certain nouns: Poe taronyu lu She is a hunter fay+: [faj] P F (pro.) these for nouns (THESE): Fayawkx tsawl lu These cliffs are tall fì–: [fI] P F (pro.) this for nouns (THIS): Oel kame fìnantangit I see this viper-wolf –fkeyk: [fkEjk^] P F (pro.) suffix for nouns meaning state, condition: Kilvanfkeyk lu fyape fìtrr? What’s the condition of the river today? fne–: [fnE] P F (pro.) kind, type for nouns (KIND): Fneutralpe tsa’u lu? What kind of tree is that? fra–: [fRa] P F (pro.) every deriving affix Oel kamame frapot I saw everyone kaw–: [kaw] P F not one deriving affix Oe kawkrr ke kamä I never went –lo: [lo] P F multiplicative number suffix for ’aw, mune, pxey: ’Awlo oe ramol Once I sang me+: [mE] LN (pro.) dual for nouns (DU ): Oel new me+orati I want two lakes –ng: [N] LN clusivity for first person pronouns (CLUS ): Ayoeng rol We all sing –o: [o] P F (pro.) indefinite suffix, durative suffix: Oel kalmame tuteot ayzìsìto I saw someone for years pay+: [paj] P F (pro.) plural inter marker: Paystalit ngal tsrame’i? What knives did you throw? –pe+: [pE] LN (pro.) affix inter marker: pe+hrr nga lrrtok sayi What time (when) will you smile? pxe+: [p’E] P F (pro.) trial for nouns and pronouns (TRI ): Pxoeng Pxe+veng lu We are three children (Note that e + e cannot be together, and so ellision occurs, and that oe is a pronoun which often undergoes ellision) > tsa–: [tsa] P F (pro.) that for nouns (THAT): Oel kame tsanantangit I see that nantang > tsay+: [tsaj] P F (pro.) those for nouns (THOSE): Tsayora txukx lu Those lakes are deep > –tsyìp: [tsjIp^] P F (pro.) diminutive suffix for nouns, pronouns: Za’u fìtseng, ma ’itetsyìp Come here, little daughter –ve: [vE] P F (pro.) ordinal suffix for numbers: Koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng The first rule of living together –vi: [vi] P F partitive relationship marker: Oe nume mì numtsengvi I learn in the classroom Other Inflectional Morphology These derivational morphemes are different than the inflectional morphemes (in technical speak) above In other words, the markers here don’t just change the meaning - they change the part of speech Some of these, only Dr Frommer can use in order to make a canonical word, like tì– Others are productive for certain subsets, like –yu, which can go on any verb le–: [lE] P F adjective deriving affix Poan lehrrap lu He is dangerous –nga’: [NaP^] P F adjective deriving affix ’Akra apaynga’ lu It is moist soil nì–: [nI] LN adverbial deriving affix Oe nìNa’vi plltxe I speak na’vi-ly (Like a Na’vi.) (Pro for adjectives only, unproductive for other forms - otherwise modify nìfya’o with appropriate adjective or relative clause) sä–: [sæ] P F instrumental noun deriving affix Oel sänumet nume I learn the teaching si: [s·i] LN postpositional verb deriving affix Oe kelku si Kelutralmì I live in Hometree (lit I home make in Hometree.) tì–: [tI] LN noun deriving affix Tìngay sìltsan lu The truth is good tì– –us–: [tI us] P F (pro.) gerund (verbal noun) deriving affix Tìkusar eltur tìtxen si Teaching is interesting –tu: [tu] P F (pro.) person noun from non-verbal stem deriving affix Oe reltseotu lu I am an artist –yu: [ju] LN (pro.) agent noun deriving affix Oe kea ska’ayu ke lu I am no destroyer 42 I Non-Frommerian Words These are words that are not from Dr Frommer: We have included them as they are in the extant corpus, but they are not to be regarded as Na’vi words They are, for the most part, spurious inventions for the Activist’s Survival Guide, Pandorapedia, or the Avatar Game None of these words were run by Dr Frommer before being published, and the general consensus is that they ought to be ignored They are included here for those who would otherwise not know what their definitions or derivations are These words are not canonical, and their use is highly discouraged Many of them flout Na’vi inflectional rules or phonotactic constraints Some include illegal sounds, as illustrated below ’h [Ph], b [b], c [k], ch [tS], d [d], g [g], h’ [hP], ii [i:], j [Z], sh [S], uu [u:] Amanti: [a.man.ti] G prop.n female of the Tipani Anurai: [a.nu.Ra.i] G prop.n clan name ar’lek: [arPlEk^] G n a seed-bearing plant Beyda’amo: [bEjdaPamo] G prop.n male warrior of the Tipani chan’tu gor’ek nuuto: [tSanPtu gorPEk^nuuto] ASG n stone jar chey: [tSEj] ASG n possesions rack (derived from P’ah s’ivil chey rack) Eywa k’sey nivi’bri’sta: [Ejwa kPsEj niviPbriPsta] ASG n hammock, from Eywa cradles everyone Eywa s’ilivi mas’kit nivi: [Ejwa sPilivi masPkit^nivi] ASG Ewya’s wisdom is revealed to all of us Eywa te’ _ tan’sey mak’ta: [Ejwa tEP tanPsEj makPta] ASG n ikran queue harness, lit the love of Eywa’s embrace is gifted to (personal name) feru m’predu’k: [fEru mPpREduPk^] ASG n basket Fmilam: [fmi.lam] G prop.n female of the Tipani Gro’lryc: [gRoPlRjc] G prop.n a series of caves Hukato: [hu.ka.to] G prop.n male of the Tipani Ikalu: [i.ka.lu] G prop.n male of the Tipani iveh k’nivi s’dir: [ivEh kPnivi sPdir] ASG n baby sling k’sey nivi: [kPsEj nivi] ASG n group sleep Kaoliä Tei: [ka.o.li.æ tE.i] G prop.n the plains of Goliath > Koo Tsura: [ko: tsu.Ra] G prop.n a Tipani village Kusati: [ku.sa.ti] G prop.n female warrior of the Tipani Kyuna: [kjuna] G prop.n female of the Anurai lenay’ga: [lEnajPga] ASG n slinger, predatory animal Lompo: [lom.po] G prop.n male of the Tawkami Lungoray: [lu.No.Raj] G prop.n shaman of the Tipani m’resh’tuyu: [mPRESPtuju] or [mPREshPtuju] ASG n shield Malimi: [ma.li.mi] G prop.n male of the Tawkami malmoks: [malmoks] G n rings of stone Marali: [ma.Ra.li] G prop.n female of the Tipani mas’kit nivi sa’nok: [masPkit^nivi saPnok^] ASG mother loom Maweytakuk: [ma.wEj.ta.kuk^] G prop.n male Na’vi Mekanei: [mE.ka.nE.i] G prop.n male of the Tipani Mendala: [mEn.da.la] G prop.n male of the Tipani meresh’ti cau’pla: [mERESPti kauPpla] or [meReshPti kauPpla] ASG n banshee catcher, bola, lit nothing to see mesh’kai huru: [mESPkai huRu] P N D n cooking pot mreki u’lito: [mREki uPlito] ASG n fire pit Mukata: [mu.ka.ta] G prop.n male of the Tawkami na’hla buk’ne: [naPhla bukPnE] ASG n direhorse lead, lit face pull Naalot: [na:.lot^] G prop.n male of the Tipani Nera’nak: [nE.RaP.nak^] G prop.n female of the Tawkami > nikt’chey: [niktPtshEj] or [niktPtSEj] ASG n small bit of food, packed lunch nivi: [ni.vi] ASG n hammock (informal), us (derived from Eywa k’sey nivi’bri’sta Ewya cradles everyone) 43 Nok: [nok^] G prop.n male of the Tawkami Oloniwin: [o.lo.ni.win] G prop.n male elder of the Tipani Omati: [o.ma.ti] G prop.n male of the Tawkami omati s’ampta: [omati sPampta] ASG n blue flute Onantu: [o.nan.tu] G prop.n male of the Tawkami Otamu: [o.ta.mu] G prop.n male of the Tipani P’ah s’ivil chey: [pPah sPivil tSEj] ASG n personal belongings rack pxtxawng: [p’t’awN] JC n douchebag Rai’uk: [Ra.i.Puk^] G prop.n male of the Anurai Raltaw: [Ral.taw] G prop.n male hunter of the Tipani Sänume: [sæ.nu.mE] G prop.n tsahìk of the Tipani (derived from sänume teaching) Seyvaro: [sEj.va.Ro] G prop.n male of the Tawkami shah-tell: [Sah.tEl] ASG n shuttle (loaned from Eng shuttle) (not normally allowable under Na’vi phonotactic rules) su’shiri t’acto sa: [suPshiri tPacto sa] or [suPshiri tPacto sa] ASG n toy ikran sumin’sey hulleh: [suminPsEj hulEh] ASG slee" ping outside of the group sumin jiit’luy: [sumin ZiitPluy] ASG n leaf plate Swawta: [swaw.ta] G prop.n male of the Tipani t’riti so jahmka: [tPRiti so Zahmka] ASG n pendulum drum Ta’antasi: [ta.Pan.ta.si] G prop.n Tantalus, rocky place on Pandora Tan Jala: [tan jala] G prop.n male of the Tipani Tasun: [ta.sun] G prop.n male hunter of the Lì’ona Tawkami: [taw.ka.mi] G prop.n a clan (c.w from taw sky and kame see) Tilikaru: [ti.li.ka.Ru] G prop.n a Tipani village Tipani: [ti.pa.ni] G prop.n a clan tìtakuk: [tI."ta.kuk^] G n strike (derived from takuk strike) tmi nat’sey: [tmi natPsEj] ASG n bladder lantern, from food here > Tsa’law: [tsaP.law] G prop.n male of the Tawkami > Tsaro: [tsa.Ro] G prop.n male of the Tipani > Tsmuke: [tsmu.kE] G prop.n a Tipani village txei: [t’E.i] G n plain u’imi: [u.Pi.mi] ASG n streamer, pendant U’imi huyuticaya: [uPimi hujutikaja] ASG prop.n a clan > Ukamtsu: [u.kam.tsu] G prop.n male of the Tipani > ulivi mari’tsey mak’dini’to: [Ulivi mariPtsEj makPdiniPto] ASG loom, lit branches of the tree look to each other for strength, or many branches together are strong ulu’tah inib’sey mulsi: [uluPtah inibPsEy mulsi] ASG n leaf plate Umkansa: [um.kan.sa] G prop.n a Tipani village Unipey: [u.ni.pEj] G prop.n female of the Tipani utral utu mauti: [ut.Ral u.tu ma.u.ti] ASG n push fruit tree (c.w from utral tree and utu mauti push fruit) utu mauti: [u.tu ma.u.ti] ASG n banana fruit, push fruit Va’erä Ramunong: [va.PE.Ræ Ra.mu.noN] G prop.n Vaderas Hollow Vayaha: [va.ja.ha] G prop.n a Tipani village 44 J The Changelog Following is a brief record of the most recent revisions • 12.282 - Corrected typos in the pronunciation of several words • 12.281 - Added mawkrra, corrected definition for sa’sem • 12.28 - Added new vocabulary from naviteri.org, August 3, 2011 post; corrected ngop as vtr • 12.274 - Corrected may’ as vtrm Added example for K.Pawl’s “Numbers Principle” in the intro to the numbers section • 12.273 - Corrected tìftang si as vin., atxkxerel stress marker error and tung as v • 12.272 - Added ftxozä si (thanks to Plumps) and kekem • 12.271 - Added sample phrase for hawtsyìp • 12.27 - Added new vocabulary from naviteri.org, July 24, 2011 post • 12.262 - Added stress marking for sulìn and kan’ìn; remarked mìn as vin • 12.261 - Deleted duplicate entry • 12.26 - Added ’etnaw Added phrase “taronyut yom smarìl” • 12.25 - Added fwefwi Added phrase “fwäkì ke fwefwi” Corrected infix position marker for fkeytok • 12.242 - Corrected ultxarun to be vtr • 12.241 - Edited syaw definition • 12.24 - Edited srane, sran and kehe to be part., intj • 12.231 - Changed ì from ’ìnglìsì back to capital Ì, capitalized jakesully as Jakesully • 12.23 - Changed all instances of ’ with a ’, and change the Ì from ’Ìnglìsì to a lowercase ì • 12.22 - Added kawtseng and tsapo Corrected typo in ngrrpongo definition • 12.211 - Corrected typographical error in definition of swawtsyìp Found by Puvomun • 12.21 - Removed redundant parenthetical references to subjunctive use in definitions of modal verbs since they now have specific marking as modal Thanks to ’Oma Tirea for the corrective suggestion • 12.201 - Corrected ’eko to be transitive • 12.2 - Marked modal verbs Entries for tung and yur updated as transitive 45 [...]... encapsulates a single semantic meaning, but also to illustrate set common constructions For this reason we have also included some single words again here Most of these are taken from Dr Frommer’s blog at Naviteri.org They’ve been included in no specific conversational order, but rather alphabetically ’awa swawtsyìp: [] P F ph just a tiny moment, hold on a bit ’efu ohakx: ["P·E.f·u o."hak’] P F ph be hungry