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THE DYNAMICS OF FUNCTIONAL MEANINGS IN
DISCOURSE
Volume II
LOH BOON LIANG
(B.SC. (HONS), NUS)
A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (ENGLISH LANGUAGE)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume II
TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................... ii
APPENDICES....................................................................................................... 227
Appendix 1
Clauses of the Text .....................................................................227
Appendix 1.1 Main Story (852 words) ......................................................227
Appendix 1.2 Ten (Last) Comments (990 words)......................................230
Appendix 2
SF Analysis of Clauses ...............................................................234
Appendix 2.1 Main Story..........................................................................234
Appendix 2.2 Comments ..........................................................................332
Appendix 3
SF Analysis Matrices ..................................................................368
Appendix 4
Theme/Rheme Calculation .........................................................385
Appendix 5
SVD Definition ..........................................................................387
Appendix 6
SVD Plots ..................................................................................390
Appendix 6.1 Main story ..........................................................................391
Appendix 6.2 Comments ..........................................................................410
Appendix 7
The Grammar .............................................................................413
Appendix 7.1 Clause Page ........................................................................413
Appendix 7.2 Interclausal Page .................................................................418
Appendix 7.3 Discourse Page ...................................................................419
ii
_____________________________________________________________________
APPENDICES
_____________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX 1
CLAUSES OF THE TEXT
Appendix 1.1
Main Story (852 words)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
October 10, 2008 -- Updated 1136 GMT (1936 HKT)
Commentary:
Why there 's a crisis
-- and how to stop it
- CNN.com
At this point in the credit crisis, at least one thing is certain
: most policymakers lack a clue of what is really at stake.
Those with some knowledge are driving policy
looking through the rearview mirror.
Begin with the U.S. Treasury's $700 billion bailout package.
This was presented as some magic pill
which, if gulped down, would quickly restore financial stability.
The "shock and awe" of the sheer size of the taxpayer-funded bailout would
somehow restore confidence.
Instead, stock markets collapsed
and credit markets remained frozen.
This is because the credit crisis reflects something more fundamental than a
serious problem of mortgage defaults.
Global investors, now on the sidelines, have declared a buyers' strike against
the sophisticated paper assets of securitization that financial institutions use to
measure and offload risk.
In recent years, our banks, borrowing to maximize the leverage of their assets
at unheard-of levels, produced mountains of financial paper instruments
(called asset-backed securities) with little means of measuring their value
Incredibly, these paper instruments were insured by more dubious paper
instruments.
Therefore, the housing crisis was a mere trigger for a collapse of trust in paper,
followed by a de-leveraging of the entire global financial system.
As a result, we are experiencing the painful downward reappraisal of the value
of virtually every asset in the world.
So what are these paper instruments, these asset-backed or mortgage-backed
securities?
227
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26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
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40
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42
43
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56
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58
I like to use a salad analogy.
Before the last decade, bankers simply lent in the form of syndicated loans.
But with the huge expansion of the global economy in the 1990s, which
produced an ocean of new capital, the bankers came up with an idea called
securitization.
Instead of making simple loans
and holding them until maturity,
a bank collected all its loans together,
then diced
and sliced them up into a big, beautiful tossed salad.
The idea was to sell (for huge fees) individual servings of diversified financial
salad around the world.
The only problem: under an occasional piece of lettuce was a speck of toxic
waste in the form of a defaulting subprime mortgage.
Eat that piece of salad,
and you're dead.
The overall salad looked delicious,
but suddenly global investors were no longer ordering salad.
No one knew the location of the toxic waste.
This distrust heightened
when global interest rates began to rise.
So what does this salad boycott mean for the future
and why have financial markets collapsed so brutally?
The markets are telling us
the world will face a serious credit crunch in 2009
regardless of how much money government spends
to remove the toxic salad from bank balance sheets.
Policymakers have no means of forcing the banks to start lending
short of nationalizing the entire financial system.
After all, the U.S. banks alone so far during the crisis have lost upwards of $2
trillion from their collective asset base.
Most banks are leveraged by more than 10 to 1.
Translation: The U.S. financial system will have a whopping $15 trillion to
$20 trillion less credit available next year than was around a year and a half
before.
The cost of money is rising
and the availability shrinking.
True, the banks will still lend
-- but the fear is they will do it only to people such as Warren Buffett,
who don't need loans.
What is uncertain is the amount of lending to borrowers engaged in
entrepreneurial risk, the center of business reinvention and job creation.
228
59
60
61
62
63
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65
66
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69
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75
76
77
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79
80
Apart from the economic pain resulting from shrinking credit markets, we are
about to see an earthquake in the relationship between government and
financial markets.
The great uncertainty is whether government has the power to rescue the
financial system in times of crisis.
It seems doubtful.
In the United Kingdom, for example, the collected assets of the major banks
are four times the nation's gross domestic product (GDP).
A similar situation exists in many Euro zone countries.
This means government cannot bail out the system even if it wanted to.
Given such massive exposure, government guarantees in a time of crisis
become meaningless.
Yet because of the interconnected web of global financial relationships, we are
all vulnerable to the threat.
The collapse of, say, a major European bank would hardly leave American
workers immune.
Our policy leaders in Washington are thinking domestically
when the solution to the credit crisis will be global.
It is not that the world lacks money;
it is that the world's money is sitting on the sidelines
-- more than $6 trillion in idle global money markets alone.
The challenge will be to reform our financial system quickly
to draw that global capital back into more productive uses.
The first step should be efforts to make the market for future asset-backed
paper more transparent and credible.
We need a private/public global bank clearing facility.
The bankers don't trust each other.
The central banks, working with the private institutions in providing enhanced
data, need to begin to refashion the world's financial architecture.
And while that is happening,
the major governments of the world, including the Chinese, should begin
major fiscal efforts to stimulate their weakening economies.
229
Appendix 1.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Ten (Last) Comments (990 words)
Commentary: Why there's a crisis -- and how to stop it - CNN.com
Sound Off: Your opinions and comments
1. RCE
One easy way to stop the market volatility would be to make permanent the
ban on short sales, across the board.
Take the short sales out of the market
and you will see reduced market volatility.
2. Professor Bear
It is much easier to explain the disaster in progress than to specify a remedy
-- sort of like noticing a tsunami is about to hit a coastal community is much
easier than figuring out how to evacuate the community in time to save
everyone.
3. P
I truly do wonder
how all these professionals, people who are paid for their knowledge of the
workings of the nation's and the world's financial dealings, did not foresee the
impending collapse of this house of cards built out of these toxic paper
instruments?
It seems that for a long time your slightly above average Joe Sixpack knew
the bubble was going to burst.
How could these highly paid professionals have been blind to it?
Or were they perfectly aware of the situation
and playing chicken with the world's economy,
assured by their golden parachutes
if they swerved too late
that they would be able to ride out the chaos they had created?
Next time around I hope
there is someone willing to point out the elephant in the room and the fact the
emperor has no clothes,
well, that someone with some power would.
It's not even a matter of regulation vs. de-regulation.
It is a matter of personal responsibility vs. corporate greed.
Forsaking all in the pursuit of profit is not the foundation of a sound economy.
Why weren't the boards of directors seeking sound investments instead of the
quick buck?
Why were investors willing to ignore the fact they were participating in a
dangerous pyramid scheme?
230
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Why was Joe Sixpack getting a mortgage for a house he couldn't afford to
maintain let alone pay for?
4. Jared
We are caught in a vicious cycle right now
and nobody seems to be able to pull us out of it or point to where the problem
lies.
We wake up each morning
to find
that Asian & European markets have plummeted
and thus ours plummets.
On the other side of the globe they wake up
to see
that American markets have plummeted
and theirs plummets in kind.
The media reports on it
and everyone panics,
snowballing the situation
and making it worse.
We are in a downward spiral
and people's fears are only making it worse.
Pulling all of your money out of stocks right now is not only a hasty decision
that you will regret,
but adding to the problem
and making things worse.
Unless you are on the cusp of retirement,
sit tight
and ride it out
and don't panic
because panic only adds to the problem.
5. gmakens
I believe one of the problems is with the credit default swap (CDS) market,
particularly what are called naked swaps.
A CDS is a contract between two parties
where the buyer pays a premium to the seller for protection against a debt
security (like a collaterized mortgage obligation or a company bond)
defaulting.
If the debt defaults,
the seller then needs to pay the buyer the par value of the debt.
This is basically an insurance contract against defaulting debt.
The problem is that speculators (hedge funds, etc) have bought this insurance
on debt they don't even own.
231
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95
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97
98
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100
101
102
103
104
105
106
This is where the regulation has failed.
So now if a $1MM bond defaults,
and 100 speculators have bought a CDS on it,
the sellers of the CDS need to pay off that $1MM bond 100 times over.
How does this make economic sense?!
The reason for the credit squeeze is that the banks and financial institutions
who sold these swaps have to acquire as much cash as they can
in case they have to pay off on the defualts of the underlying debt.
They can't lend money
- they need to pay the speculators.
The credit crisis is not not going away
until this issue is addressed.
I think the government should make naked swaps illegal
- force all the financial institutions and speculators to unwind the contracts.
Have the sellers give the buyers thier premium back,
close the swaps,
and call it even.
Then the banks and financial instiutions won't have to hoard their cash
and instead can start loaning it out again.
The outstanding value of all the CDS is on the order of $50 TRILLION
dollars!!
The credit markets are not going to get back to normal
until this is addressed.
But that is just my opinion.
6. Steve
One of the comments on WASPs running Wall Street appears so.
Why is there no diversity?
Where there is money and power they try to control?
7. Texrat
Wow, a refreshing dose of common sense and reason.
Do we have time to write David Smick in for president?
8. Mike M
It's emotion fueling it now
so the media could help
by pulling back on the rabid coverage -- the amount of coverage and the way
its couched.
We do not need to see another "Is this another Great Depression" piece
when most Americans don't fully understand the complexity of the market nor
the full details of the Depression.
The press hype adds to the panic.
232
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110
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113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
Watching every flicker of the Dow is not representative as well.
Do we even know
what 6,000 points means?
The average invesotr needs to ask themseklves:
Is that my price?
Some investors see it as a buying opportunity.
The President's near daily special press conferences also do not help,
especially having lost his credibility with Mission Accomplished.
9. Jonathan
If you really knew
"how to stop it,"
wouldn't you be a billionaire 700 times over?
10. Susan
Has anyone ever thought to do an in-depth analyses of Bush and his associates
finances?
I firmly believe they've gotten brutally rich during his term.
First with invading Iraq (oil)
then laying in bed with Wall St.
In all clauses presented in Appendix 1.1 and Appendix 1.2, the original form of the
text is preserved – including all misspellings and punctuation marks
233
APPENDIX 2
SF ANALYSIS OF CLAUSES
This is the most important section in the Appendices (and perhaps in the entire
thesis); the information in this section forms the basis of all discussions in the main
body of this thesis. Analysis at the level of the clause has been the basis of research in
linguistics through the ages. Here is a complete compilation of all the SF analyses, at
the level of the clause, of all clauses (as listed in Appendix 1: Clauses of the Text) of
the main story and comments. The clause analysis is presented in the form of
printouts from the Clause Page of Systemics.
Appendix 2.1
Main Story
SF analysis of the main story is comprehensive, spanning all metafunctions.
For a complete list of dimensions of meaning present within the main story analysis,
see Appendix 3: SF Analysis Matrices. The analysis includes the title: clause 3 & 4;
and 74 ranking clauses numbered 7 to 80.
Index to Appendix 2.1
Main Story Clause
clause 1
clause 10
clause 20
clause 30
clause 40
clause 50
clause 60
clause 70
clause 80
Page
236
240
255
266
276
287
302
314
330
234
For each clause the printout consists of two tables: Clause Table, followed by
the Analysis Table. The occasional Text Box beside the tables contains remarks,
sometimes explaining why I analysed clause elements in non-conventional ways.
235
236
237
238
239
policy: Range or Goal.
Range-like: policy is a plan or strategy, doesn't exist without the
action.
Goal-like: policy is developed/made/steered, impacted upon
240
mood met because it means "we're going to begin with..."
241
T1m = "presented as" = "appeared as"
242
243
244
"somehow" has some
interpersonal function,
expressing the author's own
misgivings about this
245
246
247
because="caused by (the fact that)"
(therefore process)
X causes Y (or X so Y)
Y is because X
(identifying)
248
249
250
251
making = Range, IFG 3rd ed p 193
252
253
254
Kevin: X were insured by Y
=X were represented by Y
Self: circ because insured = covered
255
256
257
258
"So"="Well"
mood met because it means
"I'm going to talk about what
these xxx are"
259
260
261
see IFG 3rd ed p.
542: "and" and "but"
are not syntactic
adjuncts but can
function as conj adj
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
"so"= "well", not “therefore”
mood met because it means
"I'm going to tell you what
this xxx means"
277
278
279
280
281
282
conventionally "remove" is material
process, but here I've taken it to mean
something like removing $5 from your
bank account, so possessive
283
284
285
286
287
Leverage
1. using borrowed money to increase your potential
return on investment.
2. The amount of debt used to finance a firm's assets
P) The bank was leveraged by the merger.
A) The merger leveraged the bank.
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
earthquake = great change
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
"Given" = "with"
semi-preposition
Halliday (1995: 232)
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
The challenge is x.
X is challenging.
Gram Met: Martin (1992: 377)
319
320
321
first step = first move
effort = "try to do" gram met - Martin (1992: 411)
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
see IFG 3rd ed p. 542: "and" and "but"
are not syntactic adjuncts but can
function as conj adj
329
330
331
Appendix 2.2
Comments
While the same level of comprehensive analysis as the main story was
performed on the comments, to respect the constraints of space, only the parts of the
commentary analysis which are used in the main body of this thesis (Chapter 5: SVD
Section 5.2 p. 219) will be shown here, namely, the transitivity analysis.
Index to Appendix 2.2
Comment Clause
clause 1
clause 20
clause 40
clause 60
clause 80
clause 100
clause 120
clause 125
Page
333
340
346
350
357
361
366
367
332
Clause 1
Commentary:
Why
there's
a crisis
-- and how to stop
it -
T1
CNN.com
Clause 2
Sound
Off: Your
opinions
and comments
T1
Clause 3
T1
Clause 4
1. RCE
T1
Clause 5
One
easy
way
[[to
stop
the
T1 Idd
market
volatility]]
would
be
Proc
Value
Reln
Iden
Int
T2
Proc
Range
Mat
333
[[to
make
permanent
the
Proc
Att
Carr
Reln
Circ
ban [on short
sales],
across
the
Idr
Token
Ext
Domain
Attr
Circ
board.]]
Clause 6
Take
T1 Proc
the
short
Goal
sales
out
of the market
Range
Mat
Clause 7
and you
T1
Sens
will
see reduced
Proc
Phen
Ment
Range
market
volatility.
Perc
334
Clause 8
T1
Clause 9
2. Professor
Bear
T1
Clause 10
It
is
T1 Carr Proc
much
easier
Att
[[to
explain
the
disaster
[in
Carr
Reln
Attr
Int
T2
Proc
Range
Verbl
progress]]]
[[than
to
specify
a
remedy]]
Att
Verb
Range
335
Clause 11
-- {which
T1
is}
sort
of like
[[[[noticing
Idd
Proc
Idr
Token
Reln
Value
|| a
tsunami
is
about
Iden
Int
T2
Carr
T3
Proc
Actor
Proc
Ment
Mat
Perc
to hit a
coastal
community]]
is
much
Proc
Att
easier
[[than
figuring
Reln
Attr
Int
Goal
Proc
Ment
Cogn
336
out || how
to
Mann
Proc
Means
Mat
evacuate
the
Goal
community
in
time
|| to
Locn
Proc
Time
Mat
save everyone.]]]]
Goal
Clause 12
T1
Clause 13
3. P
T1
337
Clause 14
I
truly
T1 Sens
Proc
do wonder
Ment
Cogn
Clause 15
how
all
T1 Mann
these
professionals,
people
Sens
[[who
are
paid
for
Goal
Proc
Caus
Mat
Reas
Sens
Means
T2
their
knowledge
financial
[of the workings
dealings]]]],
did
[of the nation's
not foresee
the
Proc
Phen
Ment
Range
and the world's
impending
collapse
Perc
[of this
house
[of cards]
[[built
out
Proc
Range
of these
toxic
paper
Mat
338
instruments]]
]?
Clause 16
It seems
that
T1
for
a long
time
Ext
your
slightly
above
average
Joe
Sens
Temp
Sixpack
knew
Proc
Ment
Cogn
Clause 17
the
bubble
T1 Actor
was
going
to burst.
highly
paid
Proc
Mat
Clause 18
How
could
these
professionals
have
T1 Caus
Proc
Carr
Reas
Reln
Reln
Attr
Attr
Int
Int
Proc
been
blind
Att
339
to
it?
Contg
Cond
Clause 19
Or were
they
Proc
Carr
T1
perfectly
aware
of
Att
Contg
Reln
the situation
Cond
Attr
Int
Clause 20
and {were
T1
Proc
they}
playing
chicken
with
the
Actor
Proc
Range
Proc
Goal
Mat
Mat
world's
economy,
Mat
Clause 21
assured
by
their
golden
swerved
too
late
Proc
Locn
Mat
Time
T1 Proc
Phen
Ment
Agent
parachutes
Aff
Clause 22
if they
T1
Actor
340
Clause 23
that
T1
they
would
Actor
Proc
be able
to ride out the
chaos
[[they
had
Actor
Proc
Range
Mat
T2
Mat
created]]?
Clause 24
Next
time
around
T1 Locn
I
hope
Sens
Proc
Time
Ment
Aff
Clause 25
there
T1
is
someone
Proc
Ex
[[{who
is}
Behav
Proc
willing
to point
out the
Exist
T2
Range
Behl
T3
341
elephant
[in the room]
and the fact [[the
emperor
has
no
Carr
Proc
Att
Possr
Reln
Possd
Attr
Poss
clothes]]]],
Clause 26
well,
T1
that
someone
[with
some
Behav
power]
would
Proc
{do that}.
Range
Behl
Clause 27
It
's
T1 Carr Proc
not even a
matter
[of regulation
vs. de-regulation].
Att
Reln
Attr
Int
342
Clause 28
It
is
T1 Carr Proc
a
matter
[of personal
responsibility
vs. corporate
Att
Reln
Attr
Int
greed].
Clause 29
[[Forsaking
all
in
the pursuit
T1 Idd
Token
[of profit]]]
is
not the
Proc
Idr
Reln
Value
Iden
Int
T2 Proc
Ment
Phen
Caus
Range
Purp
Cogn
foundation
[of a sound
economy].
343
Clause 30
Why
weren't
the
T1 Caus
Proc
Behav
Reas
Behl
investments
boards
[of directors]
seeking
sound
Proc
Range
Behl
instead
of the quick
buck?
Accom
Add
Clause 31
Why
were
investors
willing
to ignore
the
fact [[they
T1 Caus
Proc
Sens
Proc
Phen
Reas
Ment
Ment
Range
Perc
Perc
T2
Behav
were
Proc
Behl
participating
in a
dangerous
pyramid
scheme]]?
Behr
Clause 32
Why
T1 Caus
Reas
was
Joe
Proc
Actor
Mat
Sixpack
getting
a
Proc
Range
mortgage
for
a house
Clien
Mat
T2
344
[[he
couldn't
afford
|| to
maintain
|| let alone
pay
for]]?
Idd
Proc
Proc
Proc
Token
Reln
Mat
Mat
Possr
Iden
Poss
Clause 33
T1
Clause 34
4. Jared
T1
Clause 35
We
T1m Carr
are
caught
in
a vicious
cycle
right
now
Proc
Att
Locn
Reln
Circ
Time
Range
Locn
Attr
Circ
T1 Goal
Proc
Mat
Time
Clause 36
and nobody
T1
Actor
seems
to be able
to [[pull
Proc
Proc
Mat
Mat
us
out
of it || or point
Goal
Locn
Proc
Place
Mat
T2
345
to [[where
the
problem
lies]]]].
Range
Idr
Idd
Proc
Token
Value
Reln
Circ
--
Iden
Circ
Clause 37
We
T1 Behav
wake
up each
Proc
Locn
Behl
Time
morning
Clause 38
to
find
T1 Proc
Ment
Perc
Clause 39
that
T1
Asian
& European
Actor
markets
have
plummeted
Proc
Mat
Clause 40
and thus
T1
ours
plummets.
Actor
Proc
Mat
346
Clause 41
On
the other
side
[of the globe]
T1 Locn
they
wake
Behav
Proc
Place
up
Behl
Clause 42
to
see
T1 Proc
Ment
Perc
Clause 43
that
American
T1
markets
have
Actor
plummeted
Proc
Mat
Clause 44
and theirs
T1
Actor
plummets
in
Proc
Mann
Mat
Qual
kind.
Clause 45
The
media
T1 Sayer
reports
on
Proc
Verb
it
Verbl
Clause 46
and everyone
T1
Behav
panics,
Proc
Behl
347
Clause 47
snowballing
the
T1 Proc
situation
Goal
Mat
Clause 48
and making
T1
Proc
it
worse.
Goal
Range
Mat
Clause 49
We
are
T1 Carr Proc
Reln
in
a downward
spiral
Att
Circ
Attr
Circ
Clause 50
and people's
T1
Actor
fears
are
only
making
it
worse.
Proc
Proc
Goal
Range
Mat
Mat
Clause 51
[[Pulling
all
of your
money
out
of stocks
right
T1 Token
now]]
is
Proc
Reln
Iden
Int
T2 Proc
Mat
Goal
Range
Locn
Time
348
not
only
Accom
a
hasty
decision
[[that
you
will
Sens
Proc
regret]],
Value
Add
Ment
Aff
Clause 52
but adding
T1
Proc
to the
problem
Goal
Mat
Clause 53
and making
T1
Proc
things
worse.
Goal
Range
Mat
Clause 54
Unless
T1
you
are
Carr Proc
Reln
on
the cusp
[of retirement],
Att
Circ
Attr
Circ
Clause 55
sit
T1 Proc
tight
Range
Behl
349
Clause 56
and ride
T1
Proc
it
out
Goal
Proc
Mat
Mat
Clause 57
and don't
T1
panic
Proc
Behl
Clause 58
because
T1
panic
Actor
only
adds
to the
Proc
problem.
Range
Mat
Clause 59
T1
Clause 60
5. gmakens
T1
Clause 61
I believe
T1
one
Carr
of the problems
is
with
Proc
Att
Reln
Circ
the credit
default
swap
Attr
Circ
T2
350
(CDS)
market,
particularly
[[what
are
called
naked
Idd
Proc
Idr
Value
Reln
Token
swaps]].
Att
Circ
Iden
Int
Clause 62
A
CDS
T1 Carr
is
a
Proc
Att
contract
[between
two parties]
Reln
Attr
Int
Clause 63
where
T1 Locn
the
buyer
Actor
Place
pays
a
Proc
Range
premium
to
the seller
Recip
Mat
for
Caus
Purp
T2
protection
[[against
a
Actor
debt
security
defaulting]].
Proc
Mat
Clause 64
If the
T1
debt
Actor
defaults,
Proc
Mat
Clause 65
the
seller
T1 Actor
then
needs
Locn
Proc
Time
Mat
to pay the
Recip
buyer
the
par value
[of
Range
the debt].
Clause 66
This
T1 Idd
Token
is
basically
an
Proc
Idr
Reln
Value
insurance
contract
[against
defaulting
Iden
Int
debt].
352
Clause 67
The
problem
T1 Idd
Value
is
[[that
Proc
Idr
Reln
Token
speculators
(hedge
Actor
Actor
funds,
etc)
have
Iden
Int
T2
Proc
Mat
T3
bought
this
insurance
Range
on
debt
[[they
don't
even own]]]].
Carr
Proc
Proc
Possr
Reln
Reln
Attr
Attr
Poss
Poss
Contg
Cond
Clause 68
This
is
[[where
Proc
Idr
Token
Reln
Value
--
Iden
Circ
T1 Idd
the
regulation
has
failed]].
Circ
T2
Range
Actor
Proc
Mat
353
Clause 69
So now if a
T1
$1MM
bond
Actor
defaults,
Proc
Mat
Clause 70
and 100
T1
speculators
Actor
have
bought
Proc
a
CDS
Range
on
it,
Contg
Mat
Cond
Clause 71
the
sellers
[of the CDS]
T1 Actor
need
to pay off that
Proc
$1MM
bond
Goal
Mat
100
times
over.
Ext
Temp
Clause 72
How
T1 Mann
Means
does
this
make
Proc
Carr Proc
Reln
Reln
Attr
Attr
Int
Int
economic
sense?!
Att
354
Clause 73
The
reason
[for the credit
squeeze]
T1 Idd
Value
is
[[that
Proc
Idr
Reln
Token
the
banks
Iden
Int
T2
Actor
T3
and financial
institutions
[[who
sold
these
swaps]]
have
to
Proc
Mat
Actor
Proc
Range
Mat
acquire
as
much
cash
as [[they
can
{acquire}]]]]
Range
Actor
Proc
Mat
Clause 74
in case
T1
they
have
Actor
Proc
to pay off on the
defualts
[of the
Range
Mat
355
underlying
debt].
Clause 75
They
can't
T1 Actor
Proc
lend
money
Range
Mat
Clause 76
- they
T1
need
Actor
to pay the
Proc
speculators.
Recip
Mat
Clause 77
The
credit
crisis
is
T1 Actor
not not going
Proc
away
Range
Mat
Clause 78
until
T1
this
issue
Goal
is
addressed.
Proc
Mat
Clause 79
I think
T1
the
Attbr
government
should
Proc
make
naked
Carr
swaps
illegal
Att
Reln
Attr
Int
356
Clause 80
- force
T1
all
Proc
the financial
institutions
and speculators
Actor
to
Proc
Mat
Mat
unwind
the
contracts.
Goal
Clause 81
Have the
T1 Proc
sellers
Goal
Mat
give
the
Proc
Recip
buyers
thier
premium
Range
Mat
back,
Mann
Comp
Clause 82
close
T1 Proc
the
swaps,
Goal
Mat
Clause 83
and call
T1
Proc
it
even.
Carr Att
Reln
Attr
Int
Clause 84
Then
T1
the
Actor
banks
and financial
instiutions
won't
have to hoard
Proc
Mat
357
their
cash
Goal
Clause 85
and instead
T1
{the
banks
and financial
institutions}
can
Actor
start
Proc
Mat
loaning
it
out
again.
Goal
Range
Ext
Temp
Clause 86
The
outstanding
value
[of all the CDS]
T1 Carr
is
on
Proc
Att
the order
of $50
Reln
Attr
Int
TRILLION
dollars!!
Clause 87
The
T1 Carr
credit
markets
are
not going
to get back
to
normal
Att
Proc
Mann
Proc
Reln
Comp
Reln
Attr
Attr
Int
Int
358
Clause 88
until
T1
this
is
Goal
Proc
addressed.
Mat
Clause 89
But that
T1
is
just
my
Idd
Proc
Idr
Token
Reln
Value
opinion.
Iden
Int
Clause 90
T1
Clause 91
6. Steve
T1
Clause 92
One
of the comments
[on WASPs
[[ {who
are}
Actor
Proc
running
Wall
T1 Carr
T2
Goal
Mat
359
Street]]]
appears
so.
Proc
Att
Reln
Circ
Attr
Circ
Clause 93
Why
is
there
T1 Caus
Proc
Reas
Exist
no diversity?
Ex
Clause 94
Where
there
T1 Locn
Place
is
money
Proc
Ex
and power
[[they
try
Actor
Proc
to control]]?
Exist
T2
Mat
Clause 95
T1
Clause 96
7. Texrat
T1
Clause 97
Wow,
a refreshing
dose
of common
sense
and reason.
T1
360
Clause 98
Do
we
have
T1 Proc
Carr Proc
Reln
Reln
Attr
Attr
Circ
Circ
time
[[to
write
David
Smick
in
for president]]?
Att
Circ
T2
Proc
Goal
Proc
Mat
Range
Mat
Clause 99
T1
Clause 100
8. Mike
M
T1
Clause 101
It
T1 Idd
Value
's
emotion
[[{that
Proc
Idr
Idd
Reln
Token
Value
is}
fueling
it
now]]
Goal
Locn
Iden
Int
T2
Actor
Proc
Mat
Time
Clause 102
so the
T1
Actor
media
could
help
Proc
Mat
361
Clause 103
by pulling
T1
back
Proc
on the
rabid
coverage
Range
--
the amount
of
Range
Mat
T2
coverage
and the way
[[it
s
couched]].
Actor
Proc
Mat
Clause 104
We
{we} do not need
T1 Sens
to
see another
Proc
Phen
Ment
Range
"Is
this
another
Proc
Idd
Idr
Reln
Token
Value
Perc
T2
Iden
Int
Great
Depression"
piece
362
Clause 105
when
T1
most
Americans
Sens
[of the market]
don't
fully
understand
the
Proc
Proc
Phen
Ment
Ment
Range
Cogn
Cogn
nor the full details
complexity
[of the Depression].
Clause 106
The
press
hype
T1 Actor
adds
Proc
to the
panic.
Goal
Mat
Clause 107
[[Watching
every
T1 Carr
flicker
of the Dow]]
is
not representative
Proc
Att
Reln
Circ
Attr
Circ
T2 Proc
Behr
Behl
as
well.
Mann
Comp
363
Clause 108
Do
T1 Proc
we
even know
Sens
Proc
Ment
Ment
Cogn
Cogn
Clause 109
what
T1 Idr
Value
6,000
points
means?
Idd
Proc
Token
Reln
Iden
Int
Clause 110
The
average
invesotr
needs
T1 Sayer
to ask
Proc
themseklves:
Rec
Verbl
Clause 111
Is
T1 Proc
Reln
that
my
price?
Idd
Idr
Token
Value
Iden
Int
Clause 112
Some
T1 Sens
investors
see
it
as
Proc
Phen
Role
Ment
Range
Guise
a buying
opportunity.
Perc
364
Clause 113
The
President's
near daily
special
press
conferences
T1 Behav
also
do
Proc
Behl
not help,
Clause 114
especially
T1
having
lost
his
credibility
with
Proc
Att
Caus
Reln
Possd
Reas
Mission
Attr
Poss
Accomplished.
Clause 115
T1
Clause 116
9. Jonathan
T1
365
Clause 117
If you
T1
really
Sens
knew
Proc
Ment
Cogn
Clause 118
"how
to
T1 Mann
stop
Proc
Means
it,"
Goal
Mat
Clause 119
wouldn't
you
be
T1 Proc
Carr Proc
Reln
Reln
Attr
Attr
Int
Int
a
billionaire
Att
700
times
over?
Ext
Temp
Clause 120
T1
Clause 121
10. Susan
T1
Clause 122
Has
T1 Proc
Mat
anyone
ever
thought
Actor
Ext
Proc
Temp
Mat
to do an
in-depth
analyses
[of
Range
366
Bush
and his associates
finances]?
Clause 123
I firmly
believe
T1
they
've
gotten
Carr
Proc
brutally
Att
rich during
his term.
Locn
Reln
Time
Attr
Int
Clause 124
First
with
T1
invading
Iraq
(oil)
Proc
Goal
Caus
Mat
Purp
Clause 125
then
T1
laying
in
Proc
Behav
Behl
bed with
Wall
St.
Accom
Comt
367
APPENDIX 3
SF ANALYSIS MATRICES
The occurrences of all tags in all clauses in the main story as shown in the
previous section, Appendix 2: SF Analysis of Clauses, are counted by Systemics and
output as matrices. This section is a compilation of the matrices, classified according
to Key. The matrices in this section are crucial for understanding the recurrence plots,
as well as the SVD results.
All the Keys can be extracted from Systemics Search Page with the commands:
Cl/*
An/*
The information in this section is restricted to clause 7 to 80 of the main story, and
only terminal-tags are used (superordinate tags are ignored).
Key
No. of tag types
S
TH
Tex
M
Int
T
E
Exp
MET
21
13
18
33
44
92
19
16
37
Total = 293
368
Note that the tags in the matrices are not arranged in alphabetical order like the
tag lists in the rest of this thesis, but have been arranged to reflect what tags are
important (more important = leftmost columns), in my judgement. I have also tried, as
far as possible, to group together columns (columns = tags) that are most closely
semantically related to each other. This is to facilitate interpretation.
369
1
1
1
1
3
4
2
1
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Cl/S3/Ellipsis
Cl/S1c/Clause-3
3
Cl/S2c/Clause-2
Cl/S1c/Clause-2
16
Cl/S2c/Head
Cl/S1c/Clause-1
4
Cl/S2cc/Ellipsis
Cl/S1c/Complex
10
Cl/S2/Ellipsis
Cl/S1c/Head
1
Cl/S2/Rank-shift
Cl/S1ccc/Ellipsis
1
Cl/S1cc/Clause-4
Cl/S1cc/Ellipsis
6
Cl/S1cc/Clause-3
Cl/S1/Ellipsis
6
Cl/S1cc/Clause-2
Cl/S1/Interrupt
19
Cl/S1cc/Clause-1
Cl/S1/Rank-shift
Totals
Clause 7
Clause 8
Clause 9
Clause 10
Clause 11
Clause 12
Clause 13
Clause 14
Clause 15
Clause 16
Clause 17
Clause 18
Clause 19
Clause 20
Clause 21
Clause 22
Clause 23
Clause 24
Clause 25
Clause 26
Clause 27
Clause 28
Clause 29
Clause 30
Clause 31
Clause 32
Clause 33
Clause 34
Clause 35
Clause 36
Clause 37
Clause 38
Clause 39
Clause 40
Clause 41
Clause 42
Clause 43
Clause 44
Clause 45
Clause 46
Clause 47
Clause 48
Clause 49
Clause 50
Clause 51
Clause 52
Clause 53
Clause 54
Clause 55
Clause 56
Clause 57
Clause 58
Clause 59
Clause 60
Clause 61
Clause 62
Clause 63
Clause 64
Clause 65
Clause 66
Clause 67
Clause 68
Clause 69
Clause 70
Clause 71
Clause 72
Clause 73
Clause 74
Clause 75
Clause 76
Clause 77
Clause 78
Clause 79
Clause 80
Cl/S1c/Clause-4
S
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
370
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cl/TH1/Int/Mod/Adj/Theme
Cl/TH2/Topic/Theme
Cl/TH2/Topic/TH/Theme
Cl/TH2/Rheme
Cl/TH2/Text/Conj/Str/Theme
Cl/TH1/Text/Conj/Adj/Theme
Cl/TH1/Rheme
Cl/TH1/Topic/TH/Theme
3 71
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cl/TH1/Int/Mod-Met/Theme
6
Cl/TH1/Text/Cont/Theme
57
1
1
1
Cl/TH1/Text/Conj/Str/Theme
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
Cl/TH1/Topic/WH/Theme
Cl/TH1/Topic/Theme
TH
7 14
2
2
2
4
1
7
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
371
1
An/Tex2/Topic/unmarked/ellipsed
An/Tex2/Topic/none
9
1
An/Tex2/Topic/unmarked/--
1
An/Tex2/Theme/multiple/textual-1
1
An/Tex2/Theme/simple
52
An/Tex1/Topic/marked/dependent
An/Tex1/Topic/unmarked/rankshift
3
An/Tex1/Theme/beta-clause
An/Tex1/Topic/unmarked/ellipsed
1
An/Tex1/Theme/none/alpha-clause
An/Tex1/Topic/unmarked/--
20
An/Tex1/Topic/none
An/Tex1/Theme/none/non-finite
5
An/Tex1/Topic/marked/--
An/Tex1/Theme/multiple/textual-2
39
1
An/Tex1/Theme/multiple/textual-1
An/Tex1/Theme/simple
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
An/Tex1/Theme/multiple/interpersonal-1
Tex
8
4
3
3
2
5
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
372
45
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
35
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
55
1
1
1
1
1
Cl/M1/Residue
3
Cl/M1/Circ-Adj/Residue
2
Cl/M1/Comp/WH/Residue
7
Cl/M1/Circ-Adj/WH/Residue
2
1
Cl/M1/Comp/Residue
18
Cl/M1/Pred/Residue
6
Cl/M1/Modal-Met/Mood
35
1
Cl/M1/Adj/Pol/Mood
Cl/M1/Fin/Pred/Mood-Residue
3
Cl/M1/Adj/Mood
Cl/M1/Fin/Temp/Mood
4
Cl/M1/Fin/Mood
Cl/M1/Subj/WH/Mood
60
1
1
1
Cl/M1/Subj/TH/Mood
Cl/M1/Subj/Mood
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
Cl/M1/Adj/Comm/Mood
Cl/M1/Fin/Modl/Mood
6
M
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
373
Cl/M2/Subj/Mood
Cl/M2/Subj/WH/Mood
Cl/M2/Fin/Mood
Cl/M2/Fin/Modl/Mood
Cl/M2/Fin/Pred/Mood-Residue
Cl/M2/Adj/Mood
Cl/M2/Pred/Residue
Cl/M2/Comp/Residue
Cl/M2/Circ-Adj/Residue
Cl/M2/Residue
8
4
6
3
4
2
22
29
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
Cl/M3/Residue
1
Cl/M3/Comp/Residue
1
Cl/M3/Pred/Residue
1
1
1
Cl/M3/Fin/Mood
1
4
3
Cl/M3/Subj/WH/Mood
1
Cl/M3/Subj/Mood
2
4
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
374
2
4
3
1
64
1
1
1
3
20
36
1
1
1
An/Int1/TENSE/future
3
An/Int1/TENSE/present
1
An/Int1/TENSE/past
3
An/Int1/POLARITY/negative
1
An/Int1/POLARITY/positive
An/Int1/MOOD-ADJUNCT/polarity/positive
2
An/Int1/MOOD-ADJUNCT/time
6
An/Int1/MOOD-ADJUNCT/intensity
8
An/Int1/MOOD-ADJUNCT/degree
An/Int1/MODALITY-orientation/objective/explicit
7
An/Int1/MODALITY/Modulation/obligation/median
An/Int1/MODALITY-orientation/subjective/implict
2
An/Int1/MODALITY/Modulation/inclination/median
An/Int1/Mood%20metaphor
3
An/Int1/MODALITY-orientation/subjective/explicit
An/Int1/Mood/non-finite
3
An/Int1/MODALITY/Modalization/probability/median
An/Int1/Mood/imperative/full
59
1
1
1
An/Int1/Mood/WH-interrogative/full
1
An/Int1/Mood/declarative/ellipsed
3
An/Int1/Mood/declarative/full
An/Int1/SPEECH-FUNCTION/Action/offer
70
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
An/Int1/SPEECH-FUNCTION/Action/command
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
An/Int1/SPEECH-FUNCTION/Knowledge/statement
Int
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
375
An/Int2/SPEECH-FUNCTION/Knowledge/statement
An/Int2/SPEECH-FUNCTION/Knowledge/question
An/Int2/Mood/declarative/full
An/Int2/Mood/declarative/ellipsed
An/Int2/Mood/non-finite
An/Int2/MODALITY-orientation/subjective/implict
An/Int2/MODALITY/Modalization/potentiality
An/Int2/MODALITY/Modalization/probability/median
An/Int2/MOOD-ADJUNCT/intensity
An/Int2/POLARITY/positive
An/Int2/POLARITY/negative
An/Int2/TENSE/past
An/Int2/TENSE/present
An/Int2/TENSE/future
An/Int3/SPEECH-FUNCTION/Knowledge/statement
An/Int3/Mood/declarative/ellipsed
An/Int3/Mood/non-finite
An/Int3/POLARITY/positive
An/Int3/TENSE/past
An/Int3/TENSE/present
30
1
11
1
19
3
1
2
2
11
1
3
7
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
376
Cl/T1/Goal
Cl/T1/Range
1
1
22
10
10
14
1
1
7
10
1
Cl/T1/Idr/Token/Circ
Cl/T1/Actor
1
Cl/T1/Idr/Token
Cl/T1/Proc/Exist
1
Cl/T1/Idd/Token
Cl/T1/Proc/Verbl
1
Cl/T1/Attbr
Cl/T1/Proc/Behl
4
Cl/T1/Att/Possd
Cl/T1/Proc/Ment/Perc
3
Cl/T1/Att/Circ
Cl/T1/Proc/Ment/Aff
13
Cl/T1/Att
Cl/T1/Proc/Ment/Cogn
7
Cl/T1/Carr/Possr
Cl/T1/Proc/Reln/Iden/Circ
4
Cl/T1/Carr
Cl/T1/Proc/Reln/Iden/Int
11
1
Cl/T1/Proc/Reln/Attr/Poss
36
Cl/T1/Proc/Reln/Attr/Circ
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
Cl/T1/Proc/Reln/Attr/Int
Cl/T1/Proc/Mat
T
4
7
1
6
8
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
377
Cl/T1/Idd/Value
Cl/T1/Idd/Value/-Cl/T1/Idr/Value
Cl/T1/Sens
Cl/T1/Phen/Range
Cl/T1/Sayer
Cl/T1/Rec
Cl/T1/Ex
Cl/T1/Accom/Add
Cl/T1/Accom/Comt
Cl/T1/Role/Guise
Cl/T1/Role/Prod
Cl/T1/Contg/Cond
Cl/T1/Caus/Reas
Cl/T1/Ext/Spat
Cl/T1/Ext/Temp
Cl/T1/Mann/Means
Cl/T1/Mann/Qual
Cl/T1/Locn/Place
Cl/T1/Locn/Time
Cl/T1m/Proc/Mat
Cl/T1m/Proc/Behl
Cl/T1m/Proc/Verbl
Cl/T1m/Actor
Cl/T1m/Goal
Cl/T1m/Range
8
2
5
6
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
4
3
5
5
8
1
4
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
378
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Cl/T2/Att
Cl/T2/Att/Circ
Cl/T2/Att/Possd
Cl/T2/Idd/Token
Cl/T2/Idr/Token/Circ
Cl/T2/Idr/Token/-Cl/T2/Idr/Value
Cl/T2/Proc/Reln/Attr/Poss
3
Cl/T2/Carr/Possr
Cl/T2/Proc/Reln/Attr/Circ
2
Cl/T2/Carr
Cl/T2/Proc/Reln/Attr/Int
2
Cl/T2/Range
Cl/T2/Proc/Mat
19
Cl/T2/Goal
Cl/T1m/Locn/Time
2
Cl/T2/Actor
Cl/T1m/Locn/Place
3
Cl/T2/Proc/Behl
Cl/T1m/Role/Guise
1
Cl/T2/Proc/Ment/Aff
Cl/T1m/Verb
1
Cl/T2/Proc/Reln/Iden/Int
Cl/T1m/Sayer
1
Cl/T2/Proc/Reln/Iden/Circ
Cl/T1m/Behav
2
3
2
1
1
4
10
8
4
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
379
Cl/T2/Idd/Value/Circ
Cl/T2/Sens
Cl/T2/Accom/Comt
Cl/T2/Caus/Purp
Cl/T2/Ext/Spat
Cl/T2/Mann/Qual
Cl/T2/Locn/Place
Cl/T2/Locn/Time
Cl/T3/Proc/Mat
Cl/T3/Proc/Reln/Attr/Circ
Cl/T3/Proc/Reln/Attr/Int
Cl/T3/Goal
Cl/T3/Att
Cl/T3/Att/Circ
Cl/T3/Carr
Cl/T3/Locn/Time
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
380
Cl/E1m/Range
Cl/E1m/Circ
Cl/E2/Proc
Cl/E2/Medm
Cl/E2/Range
Cl/E2/Agent
Cl/E2/Circ
Cl/E3/Proc
Cl/E3/Medm
Cl/E3/Range
Cl/E3/Circ
36
1
Cl/E1m/Medm
16
Cl/E1m/Proc
41
1
1
Cl/E1/Benef
Cl/E1/Agent
72
1
1
1
Cl/E1/Circ
Cl/E1/Range
83
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Cl/E1/Medm
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
Cl/E1/Proc
E
1
7
7
3
6
33
20
17
6
7
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
4
4
1
4
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
381
An/Exp2/VOICE/effective/active/agent
An/Exp2/VOICE/effective/passive/agent
An/Exp2/VOICE/none
An/Exp3/VOICE/middle/ell-medium
An/Exp3/VOICE/none
7
An/Exp2/VOICE/middle/ell-medium
1
An/Exp2/VOICE/middle/medium
9
An/Exp1m/VOICE/none
An/Exp1/VOICE/none
3
An/Exp1m/VOICE/middle/medium
An/Exp1/VOICE/effective/passive/ell-agent
4
An/Exp1m/VOICE/effective/passive/ell-agent
An/Exp1/VOICE/effective/passive/agent
50
1
1
An/Exp1/VOICE/effective/active/ell-agent
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
An/Exp1/VOICE/effective/active/agent
An/Exp1/VOICE/middle/medium
Exp
6
1
1
6
1
4
1
19
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
382
Cl/MET1m/Int/Modal/Qual
Cl/MET1m/Int/Modal/Circ
Cl/MET1m/Int/Modal/Ent
Cl/MET1m/Int/None/Ent
Cl/MET1m/Log/Rel/Ent
Cl/MET1m/Log/Rel/Circ
Cl/MET1m/Log/Rel/Proc
1
Cl/MET1m/Int/Modal/Proc
1
3
Cl/MET1m/Exp/None/Proc
2
Cl/MET1m/Exp/None/Ent
1
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Rel/Proc
2
1
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Rel/Circ
2
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Attrib/Proc
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Circ/Ent
1
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Attrib/Ent
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Ent/Qual
19
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Qual/Ent
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Ent/Proc
13
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Qual/Circ
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Ent/Mod
26
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Circ/Qual
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Proc/Qual
totals
clause 7
clause 8
clause 9
clause 10
clause 11
clause 12
clause 13
clause 14
clause 15
clause 16
clause 17
clause 18
clause 19
clause 20
clause 21
clause 22
clause 23
clause 24
clause 25
clause 26
clause 27
clause 28
clause 29
clause 30
clause 31
clause 32
clause 33
clause 34
clause 35
clause 36
clause 37
clause 38
clause 39
clause 40
clause 41
clause 42
clause 43
clause 44
clause 45
clause 46
clause 47
clause 48
clause 49
clause 50
clause 51
clause 52
clause 53
clause 54
clause 55
clause 56
clause 57
clause 58
clause 59
clause 60
clause 61
clause 62
clause 63
clause 64
clause 65
clause 66
clause 67
clause 68
clause 69
clause 70
clause 71
clause 72
clause 73
clause 74
clause 75
clause 76
clause 77
clause 78
clause 79
clause 80
Cl/MET1m/Exp/Proc/Ent
MET
2
2
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
383
1
1
1
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Proc/Qual
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Ent/Mod
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Ent/Qual
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Circ/Qual
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Qual/Proc
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Attrib/Ent
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Rel/Circ
Cl/MET2m/Int/Modal/Proc
Cl/MET2m/Int/Modal/Qual
Cl/MET2m/Log/Rel/Ent
Cl/MET2m/Log/Rel/Proc
Cl/MET1m/Tex
Cl/MET1m/Log/Rel/Qual
Cl/MET2m/Exp/Proc/Ent
10
1
10
8
6
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
384
APPENDIX 4
clause7
clause8
clause9
clause10
clause11
clause12
clause13
clause14
clause15
clause16
clause17
clause18
clause19
clause20
clause21
clause22
clause23
clause24
clause25
clause26
clause27
clause28
clause29
clause30
clause31
clause32
clause33
clause34
clause35
clause36
clause37
clause38
clause39
clause40
clause41
clause42
clause43
clause44
clause45
clause46
THEME/RHEME CALCULATION
No. of participants in...
Theme
Rheme
2
1
2
non-finite
0
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
5
non-finite
non-finite
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
1
0
1
0
0
3
5
8
2
5
3
4
4
1
2
3
1
1
2
4
3
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
385
clause47
clause48
clause49
clause50
clause51
clause52
clause53
clause54
clause55
clause56
clause57
clause58
clause59
clause60
clause61
clause62
clause63
clause64
clause65
clause66
clause67
clause68
clause69
clause70
clause71
clause72
clause73
clause74
clause75
clause76
clause77
clause78
clause79
clause80
total
No. of participants in...
Theme
Rheme
non-finite
1
2
non-finite
1
3
1
0
1
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
3
1
0
0
5
2
5
1
4
1
0
1
4
1
1
1
4
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
non-finite
1
3
1
2
1
0
1
3
1
0
3
2
78
129
k = R/T ratio = 129/78 = 1.653846154
386
APPENDIX 5
SVD DEFINITION
Matrix multiplication is defined as follows:
Let A be a matrix with m rows and p columns i.e. a ݉ × matrix with entries ܽ
( ܽ denotes the entry at the ith row and jth column)
Let B be a ݊ × matrix with entries ܾ
Their product AB is defined as a ݉ × ݊ matrix with entries given by:
ܽ ܾ
ୀଵ
Just as a number like 30 can be factorized as:
30 = 2 × 3 × 5,
a matrix, A, can be factorized into the form:
∗ ܸܷܵ = ܣ
This factorization is known as singular value decomposition. U, V are matrices,
superscript * denotes transposition1, and S is a diagonal matrix, i.e. its non-diagonal
entries are zero.
To illustrate this, suppose A is a ݉ × ݊ matrix where ݉ > ݊, e.g. m = 3, n = 2:
∎ 0
൩=
൩ 0 ∎൩ ቂ
ቃ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇥ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
0 0
∗
and ∎ denote values that need not be zero.
ௌ
∎ , the diagonal entries of S, are known as the singular values of A.
1
More generally, * denotes conjugate transposition, but in the SF data the numbers are all real numbers
387
In the SVD analysis performed in my thesis, A is the reduced matrix of
clauses (in columns) by tags (in rows):
The columns of U are called the left-singular vectors: vectors representing
Features in terms of tags, while the rows of V* (i.e. the columns of V) are the rightsingular vectors: vectors representing Features in terms of clauses.
Each singular value represents the strength of a Feature in the discourse. To
show this more clearly, multiply both sides of the equation by V on the right:
∎ 0
൩ቂ
ቃ=
൩ 0 ∎൩
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇥ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
0 0
ௌ
Organize the matrices V, U, S into columns:
ߪଵ 0
ሾݒଵ ݒଶሿ = ݑଵ ݑଶ
൩ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
൩ 0 ߪଶ ൩
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ
ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇥ ᇣᇧ
ᇧᇥ
0ᇧᇤᇧ
0
ௌ
This gives us:
ݒܣଵ = ߪଵ ݑଵ
ݒܣଶ = ߪଶ ݑଶ
(1)
(2)
In this form, the variables are easier to interpret.
Equation (1) defines Feature 1.
ݑଵ is Feature 1 in terms of tags – a vector
388
ݒଵ is Feature 1 in terms of clauses – a vector
ߪଵ is the strength of Feature 1 – a positive number2
The purpose of performing SVD is that it generates Features, which form a
new set of basis vectors - a new coordinate system - to describe the positions of the
clauses in Semantic Space in a more economical way (least squares fit) compared to
the original basis vectors (the tags).
The results of the SVD are the same regardless of the order of the
rows/columns of the input matrix A, i.e. changing the ordering of the clauses in the
article does not affect the results of SVD, neither does changing the order of tags.
2
σ can be a negative number, but the corresponding singular vector can be reversed in polarity to make
σ positive.
389
APPENDIX 6
SVD PLOTS
The plots in this section are explained and used in Chapter 5: Singular Value
Decomposition (SVD) in the main body of the thesis.
Index to Appendix 6.1: Main story
Figure A-1: Main story T1 F0 tag wheel
Figure A-2: Main story T1 F0 tag neighbours
Figure A-3: Main story T1 F0 clause neighbours
Figure A-4: Main story T1 F1 tag wheel
Figure A-5: Main story T1 F1 text
Figure A-6: Main story T1 F1 tag neighbours
Figure A-7: Main story T1 F1 clause neighbours
Figure A-8: Main story T1 F2 tag wheel
Figure A-9: Main story T1 F2 text
Figure A-10: Main story T1 F2 tag neighbours
Figure A-11: Main story T1 F2 clause neighbours
Figure A-12: Main story T1 F3 tag wheel
Figure A-13: Main story T1 F3 text
Figure A-14: Main story T1 F3 tag neighbourhood
Figure A-15: Main story T1 F3 clause neighbourhood
Figure A-16: Main story T1 F4 tag wheel
Figure A-17: Main story T1 F4 text
Figure A-18: Main story T1 F4 tag neighbours
Figure A-19: Main story T1 F4 clause neighbours
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
Index to Appendix 6.2: Comments
Figure A-20: Comments T1 F1 tag wheel
Figure A-21: Comments T1 F2 tag wheel
Figure A-22: Comments T1 F3 tag wheel
Key
410
411
412
(for all SVD plots in Appendix 6)
-Blue indicates presence and Red indicates “absence” (or vice versa)
-intensity of colouring, font size and the size of node/circle denote strength
(for a tinted tag, strength refers to strength of tag’s contribution to the Feature; for a
tinted clause, strength refers to the strength of the Feature in the clause)
390
Appendix 6.1
Main story
Figure A-1: Main story T1 F0 tag wheel
391
Figure A-2: Main story T1 F0 tag neighbours
392
Figure A-3: Main story T1 F0 clause neighbours
393
Figure A-4: Main story T1 F1 tag wheel
394
Figure A-5: Main story T1 F1 text
395
Figure A-6: Main story T1 F1 tag neighbours
396
Figure A-7: Main story T1 F1 clause neighbours
397
Figure A-8: Main story T1 F2 tag wheel
398
Figure A-9: Main story T1 F2 text
399
Figure A-10: Main story T1 F2 tag neighbours
400
Figure A-11: Main story T1 F2 clause neighbours
401
Figure A-12: Main story T1 F3 tag wheel
402
Figure A-13: Main story T1 F3 text
403
Figure A-14: Main story T1 F3 tag neighbourhood
404
Figure A-15: Main story T1 F3 clause neighbourhood
405
Figure A-16: Main story T1 F4 tag wheel
406
Figure A-17: Main story T1 F4 text
407
Figure A-18: Main story T1 F4 tag neighbours
408
Figure A-19: Main story T1 F4 clause neighbours
409
Appendix 6.2
Comments
Figure A-20: Comments T1 F1 tag wheel
410
Figure A-21: Comments T1 F2 tag wheel
411
Figure A-22: Comments T1 F3 tag wheel
412
APPENDIX 7
THE GRAMMAR
Appendix 7.1
Clause Page
Overview of Grammar for Clause Page analyses
The Overview above is generated by expanding the system networks to only three
413
nodes deep. The full systems of TH, M, T, MET, Tex, Int, Exp, however, are generally
deeper; their complete networks are as follows:
Appendix 7.1.1
System of TH (Theme)
Appendix 7.1.2
System of M (Mood)
414
Appendix 7.1.3
System of T (Transitivity)
415
Appendix 7.1.4
System of MET (Grammatical Metaphors)
The categories “Exp”, “Int”, and “Log” expand into:
(congruent grammatical function)
Each of these expands into:
(shifted grammatical function)
Appendix 7.1.5
System of Tex (Textual)
416
Appendix 7.1.6
System of Int (Interpersonal)
417
Appendix 7.1.7
System of Exp (Experiential)
Appendix 7.2
Interclausal Page
“Lg”: Logical Complexing
Each of the nodes “paratactic”, “hypotactic”, and “cohesive”, expand further into:
The nodes of “elaboration”, “extension”, “enhancement” can be expanded deeper:
418
Appendix 7.3
Discourse Page
419
“Ch”: Reference Chains
“St”: Lexical Strings
420
[...]... because it means "we're going to begin with " 241 T1m = "presented as" = "appeared as" 242 243 244 "somehow" has some interpersonal function, expressing the author's own misgivings about this 245 246 247 because="caused by (the fact that)" (therefore process) X causes Y (or X so Y) Y is because X (identifying) 248 249 250 251 making = Range, IFG 3rd ed p 193 252 253 254 Kevin: X were insured by Y =X were...For each clause the printout consists of two tables: Clause Table, followed by the Analysis Table The occasional Text Box beside the tables contains remarks, sometimes explaining why I analysed clause elements in non-conventional ways 235 236 237 238 239 policy: Range or Goal Range-like: policy is a plan or strategy, doesn't exist without the action Goal-like: policy is developed/made/steered,... because X (identifying) 248 249 250 251 making = Range, IFG 3rd ed p 193 252 253 254 Kevin: X were insured by Y =X were represented by Y Self: circ because insured = covered 255 256 257 258 "So"="Well" mood met because it means "I'm going to talk about what these xxx are" 259 260 ...TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume II TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii APPENDICES 227 Appendix Clauses of the Text ... way to stop the market volatility would be to make permanent the ban on short sales, across the board Take the short sales out of the market and you will see reduced market volatility Professor... 413 Appendix 7.2 Interclausal Page 418 Appendix 7.3 Discourse Page 419 ii _ APPENDICES _ APPENDIX CLAUSES