Reading and writing targets 3 SB

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Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 6HW Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363 Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463 e-mail: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk http: //www.expresspublishing.co.uk © Jenny Dooley - Virginia Evans, 2001

Design & Illustration © Express Publishing, 2001

prior written permission of the publishers First published 2001 Second impression 2002 ISBN 1-84325-267-8 Acknowledgements Authors’ Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this book Thanks are due in particular to the following for their support and patience: Chris Woods (editor in chief); Steve Ladd (senior editor); Rebecca Yates and

Richard Howell (editorial assistants); John Morgan (senior production controller); Brian Eastwood and the Express Publishing design

team; and Geoffrey Cooper, Sheilagh Brislain, Jill Jones and Trevor Derry We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the book

Photograph Acknowledgements

AUDIO VISUAL — p 4 (bottom right), p 7, p 16 (Picture B), p 16 (Mickey Mouse © DISNEY) HVH — p 18

REUTERS — p 28, p 31 (left), p 48 (Picture B) Colour Illustrations: Evan — p 32; Nathan — pp 35, 39

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UNITS 5 UNIT 1 p.4 Writing Strategies Contents READING SKILLS

recognition of style & type of writing

reading for gist/specific information reconstructing a text w G S planning a composition ® techniques for beginnings/endings GRAMMAR inking words/phrases error correction UNIT 2 p 12 Everyday People reading for gist/specific information reconstructing a text an article describing a best friend linking words/phrases relative clauses error correction UNIT 3 p 16

What a Character! detailed understanding reading for specific information/

recognition of style & type of writing

an article describing a favourite TV

character linking words/phrases

adjectives

error correction

UNIT 4 p 20 | © reading for specific information © description of senses/crowds/activity | © adjectives From All Four © reading for gist © an article describing a town/city © relative clauses Corners of the World

UNIT 5 p 24 | © reading for specific information ‘© description of location © the passive

Four Walls and a

Roof reading for gist reconstructing a text ° an article describing a famous building

UNIT 6 p 28

ATime to Celebrate reading for specific information

reconstructing a text an article describing a celebration formation of adjectives adjectives with -ing/-ed

UNIT 7 p 32 | © reading for specific information/ * description of emotions * tenses: past simple, past

So the Story Goes detailed understanding ® a first-person narrative continuous, past perfect * reconstructing a text * linking words/phrases

UNIT 8 p.36 | © reading for gist/specific information | ® description of weather/atmosphere ® adjectives/adverbs

What a Relief! © identifying chronological sequence | ® a third-person narrative ® similes

UNIT 9 p.40 | * reading for gist/specific information | ® techniques for beginnings/endings | * linking words/phrases

Pros and Cons matching topics to paragraphs © a ‘for-and-against’ article

UNIT 10 p 44 | © reading for specific information * techniques for beginnings/endings | ® linking words/phrases

A Matter of Opinion | © reconstructing a text © an article giving the writer's opinion

UNIT 11 p 48 | © reading for gist/specific information/ | ® techniques for beginning reports © the passive Front Page News detailed understanding

recognition of style & type of writing a news report direct/reported speech

relative clauses

UNIT 12 p.52 | © reading for detailed understanding | formal & informal style + linking words/phrases

Making a matching topics to paragraphs © an assessment report © the passive

Judgement About © formal/informal language

UNIT 13 p.56 | © reading for specific information * techniques for beginning & ending | ® tenses for past/recent/ Drop Me a Line ° matching texts to visual prompts a letter

a letter telling a friend one’s news current events, plans formal/informal language

UNIT 14 p 60 | © reading for specific information © a letter of invitation to a friend © error correction

We'd Love It matching topics to paragraphs * a letter accepting/refusing an If You invitation from a relative

UNIT 15 p 64 | © reading for detailed understanding | * making suggestions ® advice/suggestion —

Trouble Shared matching topics to paragraphs

reconstructing a text a letter offering advice to a relative esp conditionals type 2

UNIT 16 p 68 | © reading for specific information '® formal & informal style © linking words/phrases

Not up to My matching topics to paragraphs ® making complaints

Expectations © recognition of style & type of writing | © a formal letter of complaint

UNIT 17 p 72 | © reading for detailed understanding | ¢ formal & informal style © -ing form, to + infinitive

Job Hunting © reading for specific information © a formal letter applying for a job © verbs with prepositions

UNIT 18 p 76 | © reading for specific information '® formal & informal style © direct/indirect questions

With Reference matching text to notes * a formal transactional letter © error correction

Tow requesting information

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TYPES OF COMPOSITION

When you write a composition or essay, you are often asked to write your answer in the form of an article, a report, a letter, etc

ARTICLES are found in magazines and newspapers (e.g school newspaper, magazine for young children, etc) All of the following may be written in the form of an article:

particular subjects, which include:

- opinion essays, giving your personal opinion, and - for-and-against essays, giving the opposing

arguments for both sides (e.g pros v cons)

REPORTS are similar to articles but have a more formal, factual style, and each kind has its own special format and features Compositions in the form of reports include:

person, a place, a proposed plan, etc

LETTERS are written to a specific person/group (e.g your parents, the Town Council, etc) for a specific reason (e.g to make a complaint, to apply for a job, etc) Compositions in this form include:

¢ Formal letters to officials/managers/etc, about

official/business matters, in formal style © Postcards to friends or relatives

There are several other kinds of informative writing, each with its own format and features (You are not often asked to write compositions in these forms.) They include:

® Instructions on how to make, use or do something (e.g bake a cake, operate a washing machine, etc) Leaflets giving information, advice, etc

Public notices, warnings, etc

Advertisements and announcements

Memos, notes and other short messages

O The greatest thing |

bout camping a

being outdoors under the open sky with lots / of fresh air On the! other hand, its not( much fun when it's | Pouring with rain and all sorts of insects try / to take shelter inside /

your sleeping bag H

Read extracts A-D and decide which is from: a descriptive article a narrative article = a for-and-against article an opinion article =

was a cold winter night and | was sitting in the living

= watching TV t suddenly smelt smoke, and when \}

looked towards the kitchen | saw orange flames CON)

from the cooker “Help!” | screamed “The kitchen’s ‘on! fire!” /

a i

cathedral, the Duomo, |

and for being one of the major fashion capitals of the world - ị

[a J@ !n conclusion, |

| believe that computers |

Play a very important

eg Ole in education, They

Save students time and they also help make learning fun ENE ¡

2 Read extracts E-G

and decide which is from: a news report an assessment report a film review

@ Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves isa/

wonderful film The stars great

performances, the fantastic music and

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e To: Ms Karen Jackson, Director of Studies } From: Mrs Janice Freud, Administrative Assistant‘ Subject: Classroom Facilities at Mereton College

Introduction ‘

The purpose of this report is to assess the class- , room facilities existing at present at Mereton College ^>~”———————————-—— eel UAKE HITS SAN JOSE = arthquak Cara rata on thc Pane i ATO CR Cle NaN ` it 11.30 last ht Twenty people TẾ ¬-_ H9 " 3 Read extracts H-J

and decide which Q@) Dear Barbara, |

New York is a Fascinating | is from: city Ím having such a:

Wonderful time here that 1)

aformalletter dont want to leave!

afriendly letter Anyway, see you in a week

apostcard ass love, Emil

@ Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of chef advertised in the Lambert Daily of 24th June

Ihave recently completed a course i é in Cookery at

by ng ae At present I am employed at Joe's

6 In Lambert My duties mainly j

preparation of desserts ¬ @ Dear Viele Ray,

—Thave a problem and | need your advice

I've decided to stvdy music, and my parents don't approve I've been trying to convince them, but wv know how old-fashioned they are! They think that I'll never make enough money as a musician

Writing Strategies

4 Read extracts K-N @®e Beat the eggs well /

and decide which * Add salt, pepper and í

is from: a little milk

arecipe ees ° nụ the butter in a

aleafeal © Add the mixture and ying Pan

-_£00k for five minutes ———— a public notice

an advertisement

@ Safety Rules for a Burglar-Free Home

© Make sure you lock all doors before you leave the house © Check that all windows are securely closed FLATMATE For a two-bedroom flat £40 a week (bills not included) Call Sue, Tel.: (01582) 450450 COMPOSITION IN CTIONS

® Composition instructions — also called the ‘rubric’ — often describe an imaginary situation which you will write about (e.g “You are a newspaper reporter .”, “You are planning to spend a few months at a language school in Britain .", etc) This may suggest who/what you are, what has happened, why you are writing, etc The instructions also suggest the imaginary reader of what you write This may be a specific person (e.g the manager of the hotel where you recently stayed), or a general type of person (e.g the readers of a fashion magazine for teenagers) A composition should be written in a style which suits the particular reader ® You will often be told to include a number of specific

topics in your answer (e.g “Describe what happened and say how you felt .”, “Describe the building and its facilities, and comment on its good and bad points .”)

KEY WORDS

The key words in the instructions are those which tell you about the type of writing, the situation, the reader | and the specific topics It is very useful to underline the | key words, and make a list of the specific topics | e.g A travel magazine has asked you to write an article

about an unusual holiday destination, mentioning how to get there and what young people can see and do there Write your article in 120-180 words

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Writing Strategies

5 Read the rubric and underline the key words,

then answer the questions

magazine you read regularly, and you have decided | This announcement recently appeared in “Waves”, a

to enter the competition

| Write your article for the competition in 100 - 150 words

1 What type of composition is this?

A a friendly letter C anews report

B adescriptive article D an opinion article

2 Which of these statements are true? A You know the reader(s) personally

B The readers of Waves magazine are probably very similar to you in age and interests

C You should write in a very formal, impersonal style D Your composition may include facts, description

and your own feelings

E Your composition must include all of the specific topics mentioned in the instructions

F You should write about a famous person you have met in real life

3 Who should you not describe, and why?

A agreat athlete D your favourite rock star

B_ your best friend E a fashion supermodel

C afilm star you hate F your English teacher

PLANNING YOUR COMPOSITION

¢ “Brainstorm” for ideas — i.e write down any ideas, words/phrases, etc you can think of which are related to the general subject

® Choose which of these you will use, and group them into main topics Check that these include all of the specific topics you have listed — you may include more topics, but you must not leave out any of the specific topics © Choose suitable topics for the introduction and the

conclusion (see “Composition Layout”)

6 a) Look at the rubric in Ex 5 again Find the

specific topics mentioned in the instructions, and write them as headings below

1 Appearance

b) List these words/phrases under the correc

headings above

generous well-built casual clothes

handsome well-dressed —_ enjoys cooking

determined wide grin friendly brown eyes

likes baseball smart suils likes ten-pin bowling

caring tall plays golf with friends

| COMPOSITION LAY:

| Most compositions (e.g articles, letters, narrative stories, etc)* have three basic parts — an introduction, a main body and a conclusion

|

a Introduction

The introduction is a short paragraph in which we

| give the reader a general idea of the subject of the

| composition, and attract their attention so that they

In the main body we develop points related to the subject of the composition This part usually consists of two or more paragraphs, depending on the subject

Each paragraph should deal with points related to the same topic We start a new paragraph each time we begin to discuss a new topic For example, in a for-and-against article, the main body will have one paragraph about advantages, and a second about disadvantages

c Conclusion

The conclusion is a short final paragraph in which we summarise the main idea of the subject, restate our opinion using different words, discuss the results of the main event, etc

| * Instructions, notices, messages, etc do not always follow

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7 a) Which of these topics would be most

suitable for the introduction to a descriptive

article about a famous sportsman?

the history of the sport which this person plays who the person is and why he is famous whether sportsmen should be paid so much

b) Which of these topics would be most suitable for the conclusion to the same article?

the sportsman’s childhood and early career other famous people — actors, politicians, etc what the writer and other people feel about him

Writing Strategies

a) Read the article and label the paragraphs with these headings

writer’s/people’s feelings about him

đ name, why famous ® appearance

b) Read the article again and answer the

questions

Who is the article about, and why is he famous? 2 What examples does the writer give to support the

statement that Jordan “looks like a star”?

What does the writer say about Jordan’s personality? What examples are given to support this opinion? Introduction Main Body Conclusion Fles

If you are a sports fan, you are sure to | know the name Michael Jordan, because he is probably the greatest basketball player the world has ever seen Although his career as a player is over, his fame | will live on for many years to come

Michael Jordan certainly looks like a star He is tall, well-built and handsome, with friendly brown eyes and a wide grin He always manages to look well- dressed, whether he is wearing the casual clothes he prefers, or smart suits

for important occasions J

His personality, too, is as outstanding |

as his playing ability Michael is a very determined person, which was one of the reasons he was such a successful basketball star He is also very generous, and has given lots of money and support

to charities J

In his free time, Michael is a man who | prefers simple pleasures One of his favourite pastimes is playing golf with his friends He also likes baseball and ten- pin bowling He enjoys cooking, too, and he often prepares delicious meals for his

| family |

[Allin all, | admire Michael Jordan not | only because he was a great athlete, but also because he is such a warm, caring Para 2 Para 5 Hero!

person Is it any wonder that so many

boys have dreamed of growing up to be

| just like him?

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Writing Strategies

TOPIC SENTENCES —

© In some types of composition — especially articles and discursive essays — it is a good idea to begin each paragraph of the main body with a topic sentence This is a sentence which introduces or summarises the main topic of the paragraph, to give readers an idea of what they are going to read

® This is followed by supporting sentences which give examples, details, etc to develop and support the topic

sentence

Tom likes doing all sorts of topic

different things in his spare time sentence

He loves swimming and spends

hours at the pool He also likes supporting

collecting old cinema posters _— sentences and watching films on video

9 — Read the paragraph below and underline the

topic sentence What is the main topic of the paragraph? Which sentence is not relevant to the main topic?

There are so many exciting things to do here! For ` example, yesterday | took my first scuba-diving lesson The food is delicious, too | am going water-skiing this” afternoon, and I've been invited to a birthday party on

Saturday night! is

10 a) Read the main body of the article in Ex 8

again, and underline the topic sentence in each paragraph

b) Which sentences below could replace the topic

sentences in the article, and which are not

relevant to the main topic of the paragraph?

Paragraph 2

A Michael Jordan is a hero, not only to me but to everyone who enjoys basketball

B Michael Jordan’s appearance is naturally part of his image as a celebrity

Paragraph 3

A Michael has excellent personal qualities to match his looks and sporting talents

B Michael set more records in his basketball career than any other player in the game

Paragraph 4

A Leaving professional basketball has given him more free time for his many other interests B Michael is not as good at other sports as he was at

basketball

11 Read the paragraphs and choose the best topic sentence What type of composition is each paragraph taken from?

A Public transport is the best way for people to get to work / 1 B There are several good reasons for using public

transport rather than cars

C Public transport is not as comfortable as cars

First of all, public transport produces less pollution | than cars, so it is better for the environment

Secondly, it is cheaper to use public transport than | to buy a car and then pay for petrol, insurance and _ maintenance Public transport is also safer, as the

drivers are more experienced than most motorists

A I'll always remember my grandparents’ garden B My grandparents had the prettiest house in the | neighbourhood | C | remember that my grandparents were always | very busy ny

My grandmother, who was a keen gardener, used to spend hours there looking after the plants There | was a huge, green lawn with a big pond in the middle of it The pond had a fountain and lots of | Colourful fish At the bottom of the garden there was | a big old tree with a swing and all around the lawn | there were beautiful rose bushes |

)3)3)3)33333323333%433233733333359

12 Read mẹ paragraphs and suggest a suitable topic sentence for each What type of

composition is each paragraph taken from?

|

1

He has got a handsome face, shoulder-length | black hair and big blue eyes He always manages | to look well-dressed, whether he is wearing an |

expensive suit or casual clothes {

Firstly, it is the best way to learn another language It |

also offers the chance to get to know different | cultures and customs What is more, it provides an | opportunity to meet people from different backgrounds |

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GRIN caress

| There are some writing techniques which we can use to | make the beginning and ending of a composition more interesting to the reader For example, to begin or end an article, we can:

a address the reader directly — i.e we write as if we were speaking to the reader, using the word “you” e.g You all know how important friends are

b_ use direct speech to give somebody's exact words, or a quotation from a famous writer, celebrity, etc In both cases we have to use quotation marks e.g “Always look on the bright side of life,” my friend

Maggie used to tell me

c© ask a rhetorical question — i.e a question which

does not expect an answer

e.g What would life be like without friends?

13 a) Read these beginnings and endings and say

which techniques from the theory box above have been used

1 Have you ever met someone who ch langed the ‘

[a] way you looked at the world around you? Well, | ia ie That person was my history teacher, mr nes,

— "HH nã ri,

2 In conclusion, | feel very fortunate to have met Mrs Daniels | am sure that you would also feel

the same way if you had met her |

3 “Don't worry - tomorrow is another day,” Sue

Oo tells me whenever I'm upset She's always there for me, in good times and bad, because she's

a real friend After all, that’s what friends are for, isn’t it? Sie Pr ee ph eth ^^ en OO Am

4 which is more important in life - money or ` Oo friendship? Would you want to be rich if this <

meant that you had no real friends? “Friends ¿

U are worth more than‘ gold,” my grandmother ‹ often used to say, and | believe that she was <

absolutely right 5

fl i Rn: ipa pa

b) Read the first and last paragraphs of the article in Ex 8 again, and say which of the

techniques above have been used

Writing Strategies

t WRITING STYLE

| © We do not use the same sort of writing style for every composition There is a variety of styles we can use (e.g formal or informal, personal or impersonal, descriptive or factual), and we must choose the most appropriate style for each writing task

The appropriate style for a composition depends on the type of composition, the situation suggested in the rubric, and who the imaginary reader is For instance, a letter telling a friend our news should be ‘chatty’ (i.e informal, personal and descriptive), while a letter of application to the manager of a company | should be formal, factual and polite

| © The two main kinds of writing style are formal and informal, which usually include other features such as impersonal, factual, etc The main characteristics are shown below (Remember that we may combine these features in slightly different ways for each situation and imaginary reader.)

FORMAL - Formal expressions and vocabulary

e.g (The purpose of this report is to assess .) - Little or no use of short forms (i.e I’m, he’s)

e.g If #8 it is at all possible, Fé | would prefer | - Formal linking words/phrases (In addition, However,

Consequently, etc); longer sentences Impersonal - Frequent use of the passive | - Little or no description of emotions

Factual

- Facts and statistics; ‘neutral’ description

e.g The building, completed in 1871, is quite large and much taller than the other houses in the square

INFORMAL

- Everyday expressions and vocabulary, idioms e.g (I thought I'd drop you a line to tell you about .) - Frequent use of short forms

e.g We're having a great time, and it's lovely to see | - Simple linking words/phrases (and, but, so, because,

etc); shorter sentences

Personal

- First person (I/we); addressing the reader directly | - Frequent description/discussion of emotions

| Descriptive

+ - Variety of adjectives/adverbs/etc for vivid description

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10 Writing Strategies 14 a) Match the short extracts (1-4) to the styles described (A-D)

1 Inconclusion, it is recommended that the plan to build an extension to Baines High School be accepted The existing buildings are not sufficient for the number of pupils and extra classrooms are therefore required 2 The'silent city’ of Mdina is as beautiful as it is historic

Visitors can admire the lovely ancient buildings and enjoy wandering through the narrow, winding streets 3 Furthermore, | was extremely disappointed with the standard of the maid service The sheets were worn and old and the towels looked grey instead of white | must say | had expected more from a three-star hotel 4 We had a lovely time by the lake The weather was

super and it didn’t rain once Jack enjoyed himself fishing, of course, and | caught up on some reading

very formal, impersonal, factual informal, friendly, ‘chatty’ quite formal, descriptive formal, polite, personal

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b) Now, match the short extracts above to these types of composition

a letter to a friend, telling him/her the writer's news

an article in a travel magazine

a letter of complaint to the manager of a hotel an assessment report on a proposed plan

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15 a) Read the rubric and underline the key

words, then answer the questions

Your teacher has asked you to write a composition discussing this statement: “Borrowing and lending can destroy friendships.” Write your composition, giving your personal opinion (120-180 words) 1 What type of composition is this?

A anopinionessay B_ anassessment report

2 Whois the imaginary reader of the composition?

A your friends B your teacher

3 What style would be most suitable? A quite formal, impersonal B very informal, personal, ‘chatty’

4 Which of these extracts is not in the appropriate style? What features are not appropriate?

A You shouldn't lend things to your friends, because maybe you won't get them back | lent a friend £10 once and he took ages to pay me back That doesn't help a friendship, I'm sure you'll agree B However, it would not be wise to lend a friend

expensive items, since if these items were lost or damaged, the friendship would also be damaged

LINKING WORDS/PHRASES

Linking words and phrases can make our writing more interesting by joining short, simple sentences into one longer sentence It can also make our writing easier ‘to understand, by showing how the ideas or events in two

sentences/paragraphs are related

Some linking words can join two short sentences into

one longer sentence

e.g My dog’s name is Blackie | love him a lot My dog’s name is Blackie and | love him a lot He learns quickly He’s a clever dog

He learns quickly because he’s a clever dog Words/phrases of this sort include:

and, but, so, because, since, etc

join the sentences into one longer sentence

e.g The food in the new restaurant is delicious The service is quick and very friendly

The food in the new restaurant is delicious In

addition, the service is quick and very friendly Words/phrases of this sort include:

| In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, However, As a

result, On the other hand, etc

® In the same way, we can use linking words/phrases to show how two paragraphs are related.:

We've already painted all the What has

rooms and we've finished unpacking } been done our things We've also planted some

lovely flowers in the front garden However, there are a few things we still need to do We haven't put

the curtains up yet, and we haven't What hasn't

ordered a sofa for the sitting room been done

Linking words/phrases can be used to:

- show time (when, whenever, before, until, while, as soon as, etc)

- list points or show sequence (First{ly], First of all, To start with, Secondly, Next, then, Afterwards, After this/that, Finally, Last[ly], etc)

- add more points (and, also, too, Moreover, What is more, In addition, Furthermore, etc)

| | - show cause/effect (because, as, so, Therefore, etc) - give examples (such as, especially, For example,

For instance, etc)

- show contrast (although, but, However, On the other hand, etc)

- introduce a conclusion (Finally, Lastly, All in all, In conclusion, To sum up, etc)

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16 Choose the correct linking word/phrase, as in the

example

1 He called the police when/ther- he realised that a burglar had broken into his neighbour's house 2 Travelling by train is usually cheaper than driving

However/In addition, it is more relaxing

3 Helen didn't go to the Chinese restaurant with us, but/because she doesn't like Chinese food

4 | love the work of artists such as/for example Van Gogh and Matisse

5 Kim never eats healthy food, but/so she always looks fit and well

17 Fill in the correct word/phrase from the list secondly, finally, first of all, such as, and

Exercising regularly offers many advantages 1) ke , regular exercise helps you to lose weight 2) tone up your body

itimproves your body's ‘ability to

fight illnesses 4) colds and flu

, exercise reduces stress levels and makes you feel happier 18 Goos the correct linking word/phrase and write the completed sentence(s}

1 Not everyone enjoys travelling by plane It is one of the safest means of travel (although/As a result)

2 It was beginning to get dark We turned on the light

(so/Furthermore)

3 Cars are convenient for getting around They harm the

environment (because/On the other hand) 4 Rachel loves dogs She is allergic to them (even though/Moreover) Writing Strategies

5 Gary likes classical music His brother likes rock

music (but/In addition)

6 Several species are endangered because their natural habitat is being destroyed They may be threatened

by illegal hunting (What is more/Despite)

19 — Read the text and correct the mistakes

Sats

“Its very hard to live up to an 1

image”, Elvis Presley once said The 2 famous singer didn’t managed to live 3 up to his own image as a sucessfull 4 star Elvis was the bigger teenage 5 6 7 8 9

idol in america in the 1950s and 60s, but he couldn't to cope with being such famous He put on more and

more weight and spent his lastly few i

years hidding from the outside world 10 in “Graceland”, his enormous home in Memphis, Tennessee

i Read the instructions and underline the key words Identify the type of writing (e.g for-and-against article, narrative story, etc), the situation and imaginary reader Decide which style of writing is most suitable, and list the specific topics which the rubric tells you to discuss 2 Brainstorm for any ideas, words/phrases, etc which are related to the general subject Choose which ideas you will use and group these into main topics Check that these include the specific topics given in the rubric '3 Plan the layout of your composition and check that you

| have a separate paragraph for each main topic Write a

| topic sentence for each paragraph of the main body

'4 Choose suitable topics for the introduction and the

| conclusion, and think of writing techniques to make | the beginning and ending more interesting

|5 Write your composition in the style which is most

| suitable for the reader and situation Use appropriate

linking words/phrases to join short sentences and to show how your ideas, sentences and paragraphs are related

ls Check your composition carefully and correct any errors of spelling, punctuation, grammar, etc

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12

1 Read the rubric and underline the

key words, then answer the

questions

Your school newspaper has asked you to write an article about an interesting person you know well, describing his/her appearance, personality and hobbies/interests Write your article for the newspaper in 120-180 words What type of composition is this?

A a friendly letter C anews report

B anassessment D a descriptive

report article

Who should you not describe, and why?

A aboring relative C aneighbour

B afamous person D_ aclose friend

you've never met of yours

Which specific topics must be included in your composition? Put a tick (v)

hobbies/interests job/career appearance daily routine

plans/ambitions personality

Which topics/points could you include in the introduction and conclusion? Put I (introduction), C (conclusion), or a cross (x) for points you would probably not

use

the person's name his/her childhood/early life

feelings/comments about him/her relationship (i.e friend, workmate, etc) when/where/how you met him/her

2 a) Read the article and label

the paragraphs with these headings © general information © personality © hobbies/interests © appearance ¢ writer's comments/feelings Introduction Main Body

b) Read the topic sentences (A-D) and match them to

the gaps in the article (1-3) One of the sentences does not fit

A His personality is an interesting mixture of contrasts

B_ Max's appearance often makes people think he must be an actor or

a pop star

C_ His appearance and personality make him seem older than he is D Inhis free time, Max loves excitement and action

c) Which of these writing techniques are used in the introduction and conclusion?

d) Which person in the pictures (A-C) does the article describe? Which words/phrases make you think so?

An Interesting Neighbour | first met my friend Max Westlake two years ago] when he knocked on my door “Hello,” he said warmly “My name is Max, and I've just moved in next door, so I’m your new neighbour.”

GL) He is a handsome, well-dressed young man_ | in his early twenties Max is quite tall and slim, with hazel eyes and carefully-styled light brown hair He likes wearing expensive clothes such as leather jackets and silk scarves

[2]_]He has a great sense of humour, and | love |

to listen to his amusing stories What's more, he is a very kind-hearted person who is always ready to help a friend in need On the other hand, though, he can seem arrogant and conceited sometimes

because he likes to be the centre of attention ¬

BL] He enjoys dangerous sports such as | bungee jumping and hang gliding He’s a great dancer, too, and he often goes to clubs and discos |

Trang 14

3 Read the article again and answer the questions 4 Who is Max? :

What does he look like? What does he usually wear? What kind of a person Is he?

What style does the writer use to talk about Max: personal or impersonal?

6 Which tenses does the writer use to describe Max?

99900999389

aaron

4 Fill in the correct word from the list, then

use the expressions to talk about Max amusing, centre, early, dangerous, hazel, humour, kind-hearted, leather twenties | 4 asense of eyes | 5 the jacket | 6

we normally-start-with the more general features (e.g height, build, age) and go on to the more specific ones (e.g eyes, nose, hair, etc)

® As part of a description of somebody’s appearance, we often describe the clothes they wear

e.g Joe is a tall, well-built man in his twenties He has got beautiful green eyes, dark brown hair and a

beard He usually wears blue jeans and sweaters

5 Circle the odd word out in each group Can

you think of more words to add?

tall, @lump> of average height, short

thin, muscular, well-built, shoulder-length, slim, plump in his/her late thirties, in his/her early teens, small, teenager, middle-aged

brown, almond-shaped, square, large big, upturned, hooked, tall, small, straight blond(e), curly, wavy, short, straight, big moustache, scar, blouse, beard, dimples, freckles, mole, glasses

jeans, skirt, T-shirt, cardigan, raincoat, high-heeled shoes, suit, shorts, tracksuit

Everyday People

6 Fill in the blanks with good, kind or well,

then make sentences as in the example 1 - looking | 5 2 > built | 6 3 - hearted | 7 4 - mannered | 8 humoured

John is a good-looking man in his early thirties

7 a)Study the examples, then fill in the gaps

using and, who, with or as well as

e Paul has got big blue eyes He’s got dark, curly hair

Paul has got big blue eyes and dark, curly hair Paul has got big blue eyes as well as dark, curly hair Paul is a plump boy He has got dark, curly hair Paul is a plump boy who has got dark, curly hair

Paul is a plump boy with dark, curly hair

A Nancy is a pretty girl in her late teens 1) is tall

2) slim, 3) fair hair, bright blue eyes

4) a small, straight nose

B Tom, 1) is in his mid-thirties, is a tall, well-

built man 2) almond-shaped eyes, 3)

+ 811 UD†UFn€d nOS€ 4), a moustache

b) Rewrite this short description, using the

linking words/phrases above

Jerry is forty years old He is of average height He is muscular He has got big blue eyes He has got short, blond hair He has got a beard He likes wearing casual clothes

8 Use vocabulary from Exs 5 and 6, and

the linking words in Ex 7, to describe the

Trang 15

Evergdau People

® When we describe someone's character/personality, we should justify our opinions — i.e explain the reason for our opinion, and/or give examples to show what we mean

e.g Opinion: Rob is a very patient person

Justification: He is always calm and never loses his temper

rude at times

14

Q Match the adjectives to their justifications Which are positive? Which are negative? Use

the adjectives to describe members of your family, students in your class etc, as in the

example

My mother is a very energetic woman She likes to keep active by taking part in various activities, such as On the other hand, she can be bossy sometimes,

Adjectives Justifications

1 cheerful [T8]is nervous about meeting

people, etc

[1b] cares only about him/herself

[16] likes to be active all the time

(dl makes people laugh sociable

hard-working, shy

[14] is always in a good mood

ambitious —_| [T7] isn’t polite to other people

(1g] hates working hard

[1h] loves meeting people selfish 2 3 4 5 energetic 6 7 8 amusing

9) rude C11] wants to become successful

[1] doesn't mind working long hours (14) thinks he/she is better/more

important than anybody else

10 lazy

11 bossy

12 kind-hearted | [7] tells everyone what to do

13 arrogant [in] gives a lot to other people

14 impatient [1h] is always ready to help people

[10] gets angry if he/she has to wait

15 generous

for something

10 a) Fill in the gaps with the correct linking words/phrases from the lists

——

also — so — who

4 My brother i$ a very hard-working person †) - doesn’t mind working long hours He 2)

wants to become successful, 3)

very ambitious

ae pal a

and — because — For instance

However — What is more — who

i tdi is really avery sociable woman

— he loves going to parties 2)

meeting people 3)

an optimistic person 4): :

bright side in difficult situations ) a she tends to be a bit bossy sometimes, ©) - she likes telling people what to do she is b) Rewrite this short description, using the

linking words/phrases given

who — In addition, — and On the other hand, — For example,

Mrs Richards is a hard-working person She doesn’t mind working long hours She is generous She loves giving her friends presents She can be rather impatient She hates it when shop assistants take a long time to serve her

11 Read the short text and correct the tense/

form of the verbs underlined

first have met Sharon last year, so e.g | don’t knew her very long However, we soon become best friends and we always are spending our free time together She is liking the same things

| does, such as music, sports and

books, and we both enjoyed the same

TV shows There was nothing better

Trang 16

WRITING

When we write a descriptive article about a person, we

can divide it into five paragraphs

¢ In the introduction, we give general information — e.g who the person is, when/where we met, etc

®In the second paragraph, we describe the person's

appearance (e.g his/her physical appearance, clothes)

® In the fourth paragraph, we write about the person's hobbies/interests

® In the conclusion, we make general comments about

the person and describe our feelings for him/her

12 — Read the rubric, underline the key words,

then read the article and number the

paragraphs Why has the writer used past

tenses? Who is going to read your article?

Your teacher has asked you to write an article for your class magazine, with the title “A Person I'll Never Forget.” Write your article describing the person's appearance, character and hobbies/interests

A Person I’ll Never Forget

[AL ] Dale was full of energy and spent every minute of his free time outdoors He enjoyed going on long bike rides or playing football in the streets, and he was very good at sports Everyone wanted to be in his team, and they were jealous of me because | was his best friend

Dale was no angel, but he was so bright and friendly that everybody liked him Although he was often naughty, breaking school rules and coming late to lessons, the teachers were never really angry with him

[CL_] | can still remember how he looked that day In

fact, his appearance never changed in all the years |

knew him He was taller than me, with a cheeky grin and untidy, curly brown hair, and he always wore jeans and trainers, even for parties and other special occasions [D[_ ] | met Dale on my very first day at school | was

standing in the playground, feeling afraid and lonely, when a boy ran past me and shouted, “Hello — my name's Dale! Come and play!” | accepted his invitation, and we were soon the best of friends

(EL ] Dale's family moved away a few years ago and | haven't seen him since, but I'll always remember him How could | ever forget the boy with the friendly grin who made my early school years so much fun?

Everyday People

13 Reed the rubric and underline the key

words, then answer the questions to plan your composition in detail

Your favourite magazine is holding a competition for the best article entitled “Friends for Life”, and you have decided to enter Write your article for the competition, describing your best friend's appearance, personality and hobbies/interests

(100 - 150 words) 1 © What type of composition is this?

2 © Who will you describe? What does he/she look like? What vocabulary can you use to describe his/her appearance?

3® How many main body paragraphs will there be? What will each paragraph be about?

What topic sentences will you use?

4 © What topics will you use for the introduction and conclusion?

5 © What linking words/phrases will you use? What tenses will you use?

14 u‹ your answers to the questions above,

as well as the plan below, to write your

composition following the rubric in Ex 13

Trang 17

16

Read the rubric answer the questions

Your local library publishes a monthly newsletter, and has asked library members for articles entitled “My Favourite Fictional Character” Write an article for the newsletter, about a character from a book you have read Describe his/her appearance and personality, and include your feelings and comments about the character (120 - 180 words) What type of composition is this? A abook review B a descriptive article Who will read your article? A journalists B library members

Who should you not describe, and why? A acharacter from a comic strip B the star of your favourite TV series C a famous person you admire D acharacter in a book you have read Which specific topics must you include in your composition? Put a tick (⁄)

appearance & personality

Critics’ comments about the book feelings/comments about character other books by the same author Which points will you include in the introduction? Put a tick (V)

the character's name

the title of the book & author's name description of other characters you

like in the same book

why you decided to read the book background information (e.g where/

who the character is, etc)

below and underline the key words, then

a) Read the article and label the paragraphs with these headings

° writer's feelings © appearance đ general information â personality

b) Fill in the gaps with linking words/phrases from th

list, as in the example

while - Firstly - also - because - In conclusion - For example c) Which of these writing techniques are used in th

introduction and conclusion?

® using direct speech

d) Which character in the pictures (A-C) does the articl describe? Which words/phrases make you think so’

My Favourite Fictional Character

Who hasn't heard of Robinson Crusoe? The main |

character of Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe is a

young sailor who is shipwrecked on a desert island, | where he spends the next twenty-eight years 4

Robinson Crusoe’s appearance after years on the island shows how difficult his life is His face is rough

and sunbumt from years in the hot sun, 1) while

his fair hair and beard are dirty His ragged clothes are

made from animal skins

Crusoe’s personal qualities help him overcome the — difficulties he faces 2) ., he is imaginative He finds clever ways to make the things he needs

3) , Me uses coconut shells for

pots ‘and builds a house from wood and stone Crusoe is4) very determined and brave, and never

gives up the struggle to survive He shows his bravery

when he saves a prisoner, Man Friday, from being

killed by savage natives 4

F 5) St , these qualities make Robinson Crusoe my favourite fictional character You should definitely read the book, 6)

you will meet one of the most unusual and most

Trang 18

3 =~ Read the article again and answer the questions

Who is Robinson Crusoe? 2 What does he look het why

tkindofamanishe? =

: What examples does the writer give? 4 How does the writer feel about

Robinson Crusoe?

4 Fill in the blanks with the correct word

from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases personal, hot, main, coconut, desert, classic haracter | 4 the .novel |5 a qualities | 6 ona 5 a) Fill in the blanks with words from the list confident, going, headed, minded, hearted, tempered, thinking, willed 1 bad- 5 2 absent- 6 3 self- 7 4 strong- 8

b) Fill in the gaps in the sentences with completed adjectives from the list above

1 Obelix is quite

gets very angry when people call him fat

2 Professor Brainard is terribly `

For example, he forgets to go to his own wedding — three times!

3 Jane Eyre is a very young woman

who is determined to marry the man she loves

4 Hercules Poirrot is a person

who believes himself to be a brilliant detective

5 Indiana Jones is very so he

acts sensibly and doesn’t panic in difficult situations

6 Cruella De Vilis so that she

plans to kill adorable Dalmatian puppies just to make a fur coat!

7 Crocodile Dundee is very

so he doesn’t easily get annoyed or upset

8 James Bondisa secret agent

who makes brilliant plans in a matter of seconds to save himself from danger tà ` What a Character! 6 Fill in the blanks with adjectives from the list

Jealous, punctual, honest, protective, intelligent, naughty

1 Oliver Twist is a(n) little boy who

hates stealing and doesn't like telling lies

2 Sherlock Holmes is extremely sai

As a result, he is able to solve the mystery of even the most puzzling crime

3 Snow White's stepmother is

her because Snow White is younger and more beautiful than she is

4 Mulder is quite of his partner

Scully and takes care of her on dangerous missions

5 Huckleberry Finn is very For

instance, he never does what he is told and is always getting into trouble

6 Phileas Fogg likes to be For

example, he eats his breakfast at the same time every morning and he is never late for an appointment

7 Read the extracts (1-3) and match them to the topic sentences (A-C)

A_ Snow White's beauty affects everyone who meets her B Phileas Fogg is a more complicated character than he

initially appears to be

C Don Quixote is a character we can both sympathise with and laugh at

Ì it the 2 Her black hair and clear pale skin make prince — and the seven dwarfs — fall in love with her at

| first sight However, this same beauty is also the cause

| of her stepmother's burning jealousy ee

le is one of life’s dreamers We can understand

le aed to escape from reality at times, which he does by creating stories in his mind and continuing to believe in fairy tales On the other hand, we also find ap

amusing, especially when he attacks a windmill 3

Trang 19

What a Character!

Boa description of a fictional character may be found in various sorts of writing Read the extracts and say which is from:

1 aletter to a friend or relative

2 anarticle describing your favourite character 3 a review ofa film you have seen recently

[A|_] Shakespeare in Love is the latest in a long line of

films based on the life and works of the great English playwright The title role is played by a newcomer, Joseph Fiennes, who portrays Shakespeare as young and attractive at the beginning of his famous career

re ee ho re

Thanks so much for your birthday present Once | started reading it | just couldn’t put it down Estelle is a really fascinating character, isn’t she? | hated her at first, because she is so spoilt and so rude to poor Pip, but when | reached the end of the book | felt sorry for her

Rt a Oh a

C——_

Are you a fan of action movies? | am — and John Maclean, the main character in three very popular and thrilling Die Hard films, is my favourite action hero

a a ae ie el

9 Read the rubric and underline the key

words, then read the topic sentences (A-E)

and the article which follows Match the topic sentences to the gaps in the article One of the sentences does not fit

Your teacher has asked you to write an article about a comic strip figure you consider unique Write your article, describing his/her appearance and personality, as well as your feelings/comments about the character

A Asterix also has rather an unusual personality for a Gaul

B_ In appearance, Asterix is certainly quite distinctive In conclusion, it is his combination of bravery and humour which make him such a unique character D_ One of my favourite comic strip figures is Asterix the Gaul E What Asterix enjoys most in life is fighting against the Romans 18 The One and Only Asterix, GO te is the main character in the comic strip series by Goscinny and Uderzo, set in ancient times

when the Romans

ruled the world Asterix lives in a tiny village in Gaul, as

France was called then His village is the only one in Gaul which is not under the control of the Romans [zL] His most striking feature is that, unlike most

other Gauls, he is extremely short and thin He has got dark, friendly eyes, a big fat nose and a huge moustache He always wears a black sleeveless shirt, a pair of red trousers and a winged helmet, the typical costume of the Gauls

[aL] For one thing, he is extremely clever As a result, he always finds ways to trick the Romans However, he can be a very loyal friend and even puts himself in great danger to save a fellow Gaul who has been captured by the Romans What is more, he is good-tempered and usually manages to stay calm even in the most difficult situations

[aL] He sends an important message to us all that freedom is worth fighting for Personally, | hope that he continues to fight his comic battles for many more

years to come

10 = Read the article again and answer the

questions

When and where is the comic strip set?

What is unusual about the village where Asterix lives? What is unusual about Asterix’s appearance?

According to the writer, what three personal qualities does Asterix have?

What is the result of each of these qualities? According to the writer, what makes Asterix unique? What is the main topic of each paragraph?

What tenses are used throughout the article?

Pons

Trang 20

11 Read the text about a character from a TV series and correct the mistakes underlined

Mr bean is one of my favourite e .Bean

characters he is an ordinary-looking man at his early forties, of medium height and quiet slim He has brown eyes and short brown hairs, and he

usually wears a brown suite He

hasn't got much friends, but he

doesn't seems to mind He likes to drove his small car and he loves his

teddy bear The most people who meet him think hes strange, but | 10 believe he’s just shy

WRITING

TIP

When we write an article describing a character from a book/film/etc, we can divide it into four paragraphs:

® In the introduction we give general information about the character (e.g who/where the character is, title of the book/film/etc, his/her part in the story, etc) Inthe second paragraph we describe the character's appearance (i.e physical appearance, clothes) ¢ In the third paragraph we describe the character's

personality, giving examples to justify our opinion

character and describe our feelings about him/her We normally use present tenses to describe a fictional character ` na

12 Read the rubric and underline the key

ATV guide has asked readers to submit articles about popular screen characters Write an article about your favourite character from a film or TV series, describing his/her appearance and personality, and including your feelings/comments about the

character (100 - 150 words)

1 What type of composition is this? 2 Who will read your article?

3 Which style should you use for this reader? A very formal, factual, impersonal

B_ semi-formal, descriptive, personal

4 What are the specific topics you must include? 5 What tenses will you use?

What a Character! 13 a) Who is this character?

Which film/TV series

does she appear in? b) Label the notes below

with these headings, then think of appropriate topic

sentences

¢ FBI agent / trained scientist, doctor

always attractive / well-dressed

bravery

c) Use the prompts to talk about Dana

Scully Begin like this:

Dana Scully is one of the main characters in the popular film and TV series, The X-Files

14 Use your answers from Exs 12 and 13,

as well as the picture in the Photo File

Section and the plan below, to write your article about Dana Scully Use the texts in

Trang 21

key words, then answer the questions

Your teacher has asked you to write articles about the capital city of your country Write your article about the city, describing what visitors can see and do there, as well as writing about the city's restaurants and nightlife (120-180 words) 1 What type of composition is this? Who is

going to read this?

2 What style would you use for this article? A very formal, factual and impersonal B_ semi-formal, descriptive

3 Which should you not describe, and why?

A apretty village C the main city

B alarge town of a country

4 Which topics/points would you include in your composition? Put a tick (/)

famous sights & tourist attractions what it is like to live in the city

name of city, where it is

the city’s history, population & climate complete facts about various sights the city’s trains, buses & taxis shopping areas & what to buy there restaurants and clubs

5 What tenses would you use? Why?

2 Read the article and label the

paragraphs with these headings

® recommendation _® name, location Z0 Introduction Main Body Conclusion Fascinating Lisbon

Lisbon, one of the oldest capitals in Europe, is | situated on the west coast of Portugal Its rich history, colourful traditions and more modern

attractions make it a fascinating city ot

Anyone lucky enough to visit Lisbon will find ˆ] plenty to see and do For a start, the magnificent Castle of Saint George is a must The castle, which is built on a hill, offers a fantastic view over the city Directly below is Alfama, the oldest part of Lisbon Visitors can walk along its narrow streets where they can see fish sellers carrying baskets on their heads In Belém, the city’s port, tourists can visit the Mosteiro dos Jerénimos, a beautiful monastery built in the 16th century Baixa, the busy shopping area of the city, offers a great variety of handmade souvenirs and elegant

designer clothes al

Lisbon's nightlife is exciting and varied Visitors | can have a coffee in Bairro Alto, the ancient port of the city, where fado — traditional Portuguese music — fills the air with its sad, romantic sounds They can also enjoy delicious seafood at first- class restaurants For those who like to dance the night away there are many trendy clubs in the

area sÍ

Lisbon is a wonderful city If you want to] experience the beauty and fascination of a great

European capital, it would be the perfect holiday

| destination for you = Mosteiro dos derĩnimos Para 1 Para 2 Para 3 Para 4 Onkwon-

3 Read the article again and answer the questions

Which city is described, and where is it situated? What makes it an interesting city?

Trang 22

Fill in the boxes with words/phrases from the article in Ex 2, as in the example, then use

these to talk about Lisbon SIGHTS NIGHTLIFE

Castle of Saint George,

EATING OUT > SHOPPING aon

a) Look at the towns/cities on the map and correct the statements below

Brisbane is situated on the west coast of Australia Brisbane isn’t situated on the west coast of Australia It is situated on the east coast of Australia

Sydney is in the heart of Australia

Melbourne is located in the north of Australia Perth is located in the centre of Australia Newman is in the north-east of Australia

b) Make sentences about the location of each

town/city on the map, as in the example

Perth is on the south-west coast of Australia

Fro

m All Four Corners of the World

Fill in the blanks with adjectives from the list, then

make sentences with the phrases

handmade, colourtul, elegant, holiday, narrow, delicious, rich, traditional, trendy, fantastic clubs music history Seafood Aarons

7 a) Complete the table with words from the list,

as in the example

fantastic, tiny, terrible, large, splendid, horrible, huge, wonderful, awful, magnificent, enormous, fascinating, little, beautiful, delicious, charming, delightful nice/good | fantastic bad big small

b) Replace the words in bold with adjectives from the table above

} ‘A Dear Stacey, j

/ We finally arrived in Stockholm It is a 1) nice city We are staying at a 2) big hotel which has iq 3) nice rooms We had planned to go sightseeing

Ne 7

\ a thousand years old, is sure

today but the weather was 4) bad Hopefully, it \ will be a better day tomorrow

See you soon,

Michelle bite

Ỉ ị

ilL is a 1) small villag€ situated in the f ‘orest near Brownpool \

k tree, which is more than to impress visitors its 4) good pottery j | —— 2 Roseh A heart of a 2)nice f

The 3) big oa! Rosehill is also known for and 5) nice homemade bread

Trang 23

From All Four Corners of the World

Study the examples, then join the sentences

using which, where or with

Tourists should visit the Art Museum It is one of the best in the world

Tourists should visit the Art Museum, which is one of the best in the world

Shoppers will love the local bazaar They can find colourful, handmade carpets there

Shoppers will love the local bazaar, where they can find colourful, handmade carpets

Maui is a paradise for tourists It has beautiful beaches and clear blue waters

With its beautiful beaches and clear blue waters, Maui

is a paradise for tourists

There are many clubs in the city centre You can dance and listen to live music there

There are many clubs in the city centre where you can

dance and listen to live music

The city is known for its open-air food markets They have all sorts of spices, food and cakes

There are fantastic restaurants and delicious French cuisine in Paris It is a perfect choice for food lovers

Rome is a wonderful city to explore It has many ancient temples and monuments

An interesting place to visit in the city is the National Gallery You can admire famous paintings there

Visitors should not miss the small restaurants around the square They can try delicious local specialities there

To make a description of a place more vivid, we can refer to our senses (i.e describe sights, sounds and smells)

When describing a place, we may include the ‘human scene’, with words referring to crowds (e.g crowded, busy, empty) and activity (e.g rush, walk, carry) e.g The streets of the city are always busy [crowd]

and noisy [sound], with people rushing about

[activity] and cars hooting [sound]

22

9 a) Match the sentences (1-6) to the pictures (A- C) What does each phrase in bold refer to:

sight, sound, smell, crowds or activity? 1 G Visitors can sit in front of one of the little cafés and

enjoy the view of the clear blue sea (sight)

3ð uức The smell of car fumes is strong and choking

3 Tourists stroll down the quiet streets of the little

port, admiring the brightly-coloured houses 4i súc The city glows with light from offices and cars SỈ sáo The crowded streets are full of people hurrying

and cars hooting

b) Which picture is not described above? Use these prompts to write about the picture

- brightly-coloured flowers / surround / fountain - visitors / breathe / clean mountain air - enjoy / peace / traditional mountain village

10 ag) A description of a place may be found in p p y

various sorts of writing Read the extracts and say which is from:

1 an adventure story

2 aletter to a friend, written by somebody on holiday 3 an article describing an exotic holiday destination

akech ns like a city that i hand |

Marrakech seems like a city that is half myt! |

half reality In its crowded streets, where food aromas |

blend with folk music, visitors can experience the rhythm |

of Moroccan life _—— ¬—_ ¬~—~———~Z^~¬ 2

mVEe=V=_<

It was a bright sunny mornin ; , g, and as M: strolled through the narrow streets, the smell of feat,

baked bread drifted on the the air Turning a corner, she

found herself in a small square surrounded Ì old buildings and cafés ee

——— couldnt believe | went to the Eiffel Tower today |

the view from up there — it was breathtaking! | also went to the Louvre and spent hours walking around, admiring

the exhibits —- =

b) Read again and underline the words/

Trang 24

WRITING

When we write a descriptive article about a place, we can divide it into four paragraphs

® In the introduction we mention the name and location of the place and the reason for choosing it

® In the second paragraph we write about what a visitor can see and do (sightseeing, museums, shopping, etc) ® In the third paragraph we write about entertainment,

nightlife and eating out (clubs, restaurants, etc) © In the conclusion we make general comments and

recommend the place to visitors

We normally use present tenses in this type of writing

11 Read the rubric, then read the article and match

the topic sentences (A-D) to the gaps (1-3) in the

article One of the sentences does not fit What

is the topic of each paragraph?

A travel magazine has asked its readers for articles describing the perfect place for a weekend escape Write an article about such a place, describing its attractions and saying why it is worth visiting

A Ifyou need a weekend escape from the stress of the

city, St Lambert is just the place for you B_ St Lambert does not have a busy nightlife

C StLambert’s crowded streets are always full of life D_ There are many interesting things to see and do here

A Charming Weekend Escape St Lambert, a small town %⁄ near Montreal, Canada, is the perfect choice for a relaxing weekend escape

[1[ ]A visit to the Marcille museum is a wonderful chance to see great Canadian art Visitors can cycle

along the St Lawrence River and admire the breathtaking

scenery Shoppers will enjoy a walk down Victoria Street, where excellent boutiques sell fashionable clothes [2]_] However, visitors can enjoy a cup of hot chocolate

in front of a roaring fire in one of the small cafés in the

town There are also many restaurants, like Capitains, where one can taste delicious French onion soup For those with a sweet tooth, the local pies are a must [3[ ]The peace and quiet of the town offers tired

visitors a welcome, refreshing break from their busy lives From All Four Corners of the World 12 a) Read the rubric and underline the key

words, then answer the questions to plan

your composition in detail

A magazine which you enjoy reading is holding a competition for the best article entitled “A lovely place to visit” Write an article for the competition, describing your town or city, saying what a visitor can see and do there and explaining why it is a good choice for tourists (100-150 words)

1 What type of composition is this? A descriptive article about a place

B_ narrative including description of a place 2 Whowill read your article?

A tour guides —_B readers of the magazine

3 What style will you use? A informal, personal 4 What tenses will you use?

A present tenses B past tenses

5 Which place will you write about? A acity in another country B the city you live in

6 a) What information about your city will you give under these headings?

® location

® sights to see Â restaurants

đ things to do ® recommendation

b) Can you group these into paragraphs? c) Suggest topic sentences for each main body

paragraph

d) What words/phrases will you use which refer to the senses, crowds and activity?

B semi-formal, descriptive

b) Use your answers to the questions

above, as well as the plan below to write your composition Use the texts in

Exs 2 and 11 as models Plan ' Introduction Paragraph 1: 4 Main Body Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: 1 Conclusion Paragraph 5: name, location

sights to see, things to do nightlife, restaurants, etc comments/recommendation

Trang 25

24

Four Walls

and a Roof

1 Read the rubric and underline

the key words, then answer the questions

Your favourite magazine is publishing a series of articles about the world's

most beautiful palaces, and you have

decided to submit an article about a

palace you feel is especially beautiful Write your article, giving some facts

about the history of the palace and describing it both inside and outside

(120 - 180 words)

1 What sort of composition is this? 2 Which topics/points would you include

in your article? Put a tick (7) name & location of palace your first visit to the palace ++, Who built it, when/why it was built

- why all palaces are special buildings description of the interior

description of the exterior

description of the people who live/ used to live in it

esate the people who work in the palace

2 — a)Read the article and label the

paragraphs with these headings ® description of exterior * name, location, special features ® recommendation ® description of interior ® historical facts

b) What can visitors see inside

and outside this palace? Introduction Main Body Conelusion

Which of the world’s great palaces has the most “al

[ The palace was originally built for Sultan Mehmet

leo most famous jewels are housed in the All in all, the magnificence of the palace and its |

Topkapi - Turkey’s Treasure

spectacular view? Many people would say it is

Topkapi Palace, situated on a cliftop in Istanbul,

Turkey, and famous for its amazing view over the Bosphorus Straits and the Sea of Marmara J

Il, between 1451 and 1481 It became the official

residence of the Ottoman Sultans until 1856 Many buildings have been added to the palace over the centuries Topkapi now resembles a small city

The palace is enclosed by a thick stone wall 7] Visitors can enter it by passing through heavy iron gates set into the wall The various buildings within the grounds include a mosque and a white marble palace One of the four main courtyards contains a gorgeous garden filled with rare flowers and trees from all over the world =

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3 Read the article again and mark these

sentences as T (true) or F (false)

1 The palace was completed in 1481 2 The palace hasn't changed at all 3 There is a magnificent view of the sea

from the clifftop

4 There are beautiful gardens in the palace 5 The Sultan still lives in the palace

4 Fill in the correct word from the list, then

make sentences using the expressions

white, priceless, iron, rare, official, spectacular, stone, imperial 1 view | 5 marble 2 residence | 6 flowers 3 wall | 7 costumes 4 gates | 8 collections STUDY TIP

When we describe a building and its location, we can use the passive when the action is more important than the agent (the person/thing doing the action)

e.g The palace was built in 1451

5 Read the article in Ex

underline all passive forms 3 again and

6 Look at the information, then talk about

each landmark, as in the example

Completed: AD 900 Location: Yucatan, Mexico Material: stone Name: El Castillo

Built by: the Mayans oO Built as: place of worship

EI Castillo is located in Yucatan, Mexico It was built by the Mayans

Name: Tower of London Location: north bank of River Thames Built by: William the Conqueror Completed: 1078 Material: limestone Built for: defence of the city —^~——

7 ~~ Read the extracts and match them to the

pictures, then underline the phrases which describe location Finally, choose a famous landmark in your country and describe its

location

1 Neuschwanstein Castle, often called “The Fairytale Castle” for its tall white towers, is set among the Bavarian Alps in southern Germany, about two hours from the city of Munich

2 Visitors to Rome are often disappointed to find that this

great monument, situated in the heart of the city, is used as a large traffic roundabout by modern Romans

family holiday Situated by the sea, the hotel is only 20 metres from one of the world’s most famous beaches

\ 3 The Miramar Hotel is an ideal choice for a relaxing

( {

{ Js

4 Bran Castle — once home to Prince Viad Tepes, the inspiration for Bram Stoker's Dracula — stands at the top of a wooded hill in the Carpathian Mountains

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Four Walls and a Roof

8 Put the words into the correct box

pool, staircase, porch, gardens, hallway, gates, paintings, grounds, tapestries, antique furniture, jewels, fountain, costumes, balcony, lawn, lounge,

fireplace, driveway, curtains

10 «a description of a building may be found

in various sorts of writing Read the extracts and say which is from:

[LL] a letter to a friend or relative

[2] an article describing your ideal home

9 book at the pictures and use the prompts

to talk about each of the palaces shown gardens - lake with swans - fountain -

bottom of stairway - statue

x

The palace is set in

antique furniture - cal rved table & chairs - pai s - chandelier

embroidered curtain:

3 an adventure story

A Kevin stood outside the dark, abandoned house and

shivered He walked up to the heavy wooden door,

pushed it open and entered a large hall There was a stone fireplace at one end of the room, but there was no fire burning and the furniture was covered in cobwebs Suddenly he felt a cold hand on his shoulder garden full of beautiful 1g pool

e’re so excited, because we've finally moved into

: - new flat It’s fantastic! It's got a big balcony with

a great view of the city We're planning to buy some tropical plants and a bamboo table and chairs so that we can sit outside The living room is huge, with — b) Which tenses have been used in each extract? Why? WRITING

When we write a descriptive article about a building, we can divide it into five paragraphs

® In the introduction we mention what type of building it is, its location and its special features

® In the second paragraph we give historical facts about the building (e.g who designed it, when it was built, etc) In the third paragraph we describe the exterior of the building ¢ In the fourth paragraph we describe the interior of the building

¢ In the conclusion we write general remarks about the building and a recommendation to visitors We use past tenses to write about the historical facts and present tenses to describe the building, its

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11 © Read the article and number the

paragraphs in the correct order What is the main topic of each paragraph?

There are over one hundred and thirty rooms in the White House Many of them are ‘themed’ — for example, in the Red Room all the furnishings are red There is also a Green Room and a Blue Room, all filled with valuable works of art collected over the years by the many presidents who have lived in the White House In addition, there is a swimming pool, a gym, a theatre and a library to entertain the President and his family

Pic) Have you ever wondered what it’s like in the home of the world’s most powerful man? Well, you can find out if you visit the White House, the official home of the President of the United States of America It is situated on Pennsylvania Avenue, in Washington, D.C L TB] In Conclusion, the White House is one of the

most exciting buildings in the world Visitors to the Capital should not miss the Opportunity to see for themselves the rooms where America’s President lives and works

The mansion was designed by laa te

architect James Hoban and was completed ‘ vn ue first occupant was President John Adams, ` sie the great Theodore Roosevelt who later official ly cen

it the ‘White House’, because of its white san

brickwork

Four Walls and a Roof

12 4) Read the rubric and underline the key

words, then label the notes with the headings Finally, use the notes to talk about Windsor Castle

The editor of your school magazine has asked you to write an article about a famous historic building you have visited Write your article, describing the building (120-180 words)

® name, location, special features *® historical facts

Windsor Castle — world’s largest inhabited castle; built high above River Thames, near London; superb view of countryside building started over 900 years ago by William the Conqueror; serious fire in 1992

— now fully restored

enormous building, covers large area; long driveway leads to huge courtyard;

stone towers; lawns

public can see State Apartments, fine collection of art (works by da Vinci, Michelangelo), beautiful furniture, porcelain

one of most spectacular castles in world — Windsor,

don’t miss chance to see home of Castle

England's kings & queens

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28

“an annual event”? What is the most interesting/

exciting annual event you have

attended? When/where was it?

What is the reason why the

event is held? What happens

during the event?

2 Read the rubric and underline

the key words, then answer the questions

On a recent visit to another country you attended a fascinating annual event Write an article about the event for your school magazine, describing what happened both before and

during the event, and saying how you feel about the experience

(120-150 words)

What type of composition is this? Which of the following do you think are main topics in the article? Put a tick (V)

preparations for the event

description of town/area where the event took place

axes the clothes people wore, the food they ate, etc

tuấy your feelings/general remarks about the experience

description of the event itself how you got there, where you stayed what the event is, when/where/why itis held ses what you did after the event finished

3 Recd the article and label the

paragraphs with these headings, then find the topic sentences in

the main body paragraphs and suggest alternatives

The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth F | was recently lucky enough to attend the Calgary 4

Stampede, one of Canada’s most spectacular festivals | love the Wild West, so | was in heaven during the ten-day event , which takes place every July to honour the Native American Indians and the

|_ cowboys of the Old West a

[ Final preparations for the festival started days before ˆ] the Stampede began In order to make the modern city of Calgary look like a town from the Old West, the streets were lined with old-fashioned wooden fences and bales of hay, as they do on a Hollywood film set People were also hard at work building fantastic, brightly-coloured floats for the parade, while marching bands kept practising their lively music The most extraordinary thing, though, was all the delicious food which talented chefs prepared for Calgary’s hundreds

of thousands of visitors 1|

During the Stampede everyone had a great time | Calgary's streets were filled with happy, noisy crowds dressed in jeans, bandanas and Western boots Fearless cowboys rode wild horses and bulls in the rodeo events, Native Americans performed traditional dances, and spectacular firework displays lit up the sky every night It was like being at an enormous, non-

| stop party bị

I'll never forget my visit to the Calgary Stampede It 4 was the most exciting experience of my life — no wonder they call it “the greatest outdoor show on L Earth”! ia Para 3

4 a) Read the model again and list:

+ what happened before the event

+ what happened during the event

Use your notes to talk about the Calgary Stampede b) Underline the words/phrases in the article which express

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5 Fill in the blanks with words from the list, then

make sentences using the completed phrases

brightly-coloured, wooden, marching, wild, bales, firework, heaven, outdoor, film, talented displays Show

Adjectives can be made by adding suffixes to nouns or verbs: -ful (e.g beauty - beautiful), -ous (e.g fame - famous), -al (e.g tradition - traditional), -ing (e.g interest - interesting), -ed (e.g thrill - thrilled)

® Adjectives ending in -ing describe what somebody or something is like e.g The fireworks were amazing Adjectives ending in -ed describe how somebody

feels e.g We were amazed by the fireworks

6 Underline the correct adjective

1 The children were very exciting/excited when the clowns came in and the show began

2 The audience enjoyed the performance because the ballet dancers were amazing/amazed

3 | found the art exhibits at the festival very interesting/ interested

4 My friend Jill was embarrassing/embarrassed when the performer asked her to come on stage

5 There were plenty of different things to do at the fair, so our children didn’t get boring/bored at all

7 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word

in bold, as in the example

We spent three delightful Flower Festival We were 1) the flower displays, and the 2)

Rose Park was fantastic There v were lots of

days at Stour’s fa)aafel ag by Ava FAME

3) events for the whole family ĐjJ/(o 1p 2)

There were 4) arts and crafts ĐhJa2z1<#

exhibits and 5) EXCITE

children, as well as 6] games We also enjoyed 7) local food and listened to 8)

folk music played by various groups AMUSE TRADITION MARVEL

When we describe an event we have attended, we use past tenses — e.g It was an amazing experience

People sang and danced

8 Use the prompts to write a paragraph 1 We / be / very busy / and / have / lots / do / before /

Pete's surprise party / last week

2 We / send out / invitations / all our friends / and /

make / big cake

3 We also / buy / soft drinks / snacks / and / we /

decorate / house / colourful balloons / streamers

4 Finally, we / hire / magician / entertain / guests

9 a) Match the phrases to the pictures Some of

the phrases can be used more than once have a romantic dinner have a party blow out candles give chocolates knock on doors and

say “Trick or treat!”

open presents

dress up in costumes

send red roses

wear masks send cards

make a birthday cake make a pumpkin pie

make a lantern out make heart-shaped

of a pumpkin cakes

wear paper hats decorate the house

b) Use the phrases to talk about the last time you celebrated one of these occasions

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30

10 The sentences below describe a high school prom,

an event where American students celebrate the

end of their school careers Read the sentences and say which describe preparations and which describe the event itself

A The organising committee booked a fancy ballroom months before the prom

B The girls wore flowers on their wrists

C Parents took pictures of their children wearing elegant outfits

D_ Seniors hired limousines to drive them to the prom E Everybody went shopping to find the perfect dress or

tuxedo

F Students decorated the ballroom with colourful balloons and streamers

G _ Seniors had dinner and then danced the night away

_ STUDY TR

Description of special events we have attended will often include writing about our feelings — i.e how we felt during the event, as well as how we feel about it now e.g | really enjoyed myself | was very excited

It was an amazing experience I'll never forget it

11 Read the extroes and fill in the phrases in the

list Make sentences using these phrases

| felt so happy and relaxed, will stay with me all my life, one of the best, will have the chance, make me feel at home

A | am truly grateful to Susan for taking me to the festival The memory of the happy music and the colourful costumes 1) | hope | 2) to go again next year

B | feel very lucky to have experienced such a wondertul,

happy celebration The local people made a real effort

to 3)

It = an occasion I'll always remember, and | feel

privileged to have been there

C | thought the party was really wonderful Meeting such delightful and interesting people was really lovely 4) visneectsnatesesseeessstenenstenases there — the music was brilliant and everyone looked gorgeous It was 5) Parties I've ever been to

12 Read the extract below and put the verbs in

brackets into the correct tense, then answer the

questions that follow

(have) a great time here in Sweden Right now we †) -: (be) ina small

town outside Lulea Last night we 2) nhưng (go)

to the town’s Midsummer Eve celebrations This big event _

(be/held) annually, when the people of | | | Ti {

aus 4) (celebrate) the longest | day of the year We all 5) (gather) at the town square and 6) (watch) |

raising of the maypole, which 7) t

Pei owl leaves and beautiful ae

Then a band 8) (play) Swedish music and

a dance team 9) (perƒform) some |

wonderfuL troditionol dances Later we 10) |

(join) the others and 1 1) Ae i (ens) 4

around the maypole — it 12) (be) #8 much đế

1 What sort of writing is the extract taken from? A an article about tourist attractions in Sweden B a letter to a friend, written by somebody on holiday C anarrative story

What is the name of the event? When does the event take place? What do the people celebrate?

What did the writer do during the event?

WRITING

aPRon

When we write a descriptive article about an event, a special occasion/celebration, etc we attended, we divide it into four paragraphs

® In the second paragraph we describe preparations

which are made before the event

® In the third paragraph we describe what happened during the event itself

In the conclusion we mention our feelings and make general remarks about the event

We use present tenses to mention the name, time, place and reason the event is held

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words, then read the article and number the paragraphs in the correct order

A local magazine often has articles about celebrations in various parts of the world Write an article for the magazine, about a unique celebration you attended in another country Describe preparations before the event as well as what happened during the event itself [Ja] During the five

days of Diwali, every home and temple was decorated, inside and outside, with lovely clay lamps and colourful candles After dark, the whole neighbourhood glittered with thousands of tiny lights, as though in a fairy tale Excited children set off firecrackers, and at first | was frightened by the loud bangs, but the spectacular display was so fascinating that | soon joined

in the spirit of the celebration

[B] Last autumn | was in India during Diwali, the “Festival of Lights” which takes place every year to celebrate the victory of good over evil This festival lasts for five days and is held at the end of October or in the first week of November

Diwali is a deeply moving festival | am very grateful | had the chance to share in this celebration of peace and harmony | have fond memories of the experience, and in particular | will never forget how friendly and generous the people were

[_[D] Preparations began weeks before the event People cleaned their homes and painted wonderful designs called rangolis on the walls and floors They bought beautiful new clothes and jewellery to wear during the festival, and women made delicious sweets which were better than any others | have ever tasted

b) Match these headings to the paragraphs B name/time/place/reason

the event itself

preparations before the event feelings and comments €) Which title best fits the article? A A Great Party B A Joyful Celebration C A New Year's Eve to Remember

d) Read the article again and list:

- the preparations before the celebration - what happened during the celebration

A Time to Celebrate

Your teacher has asked you to write about an interesting celebration you attended in your country Write your composition, describing preparations and saying what you did during the event itself (100 - 150 words)

Who is going to read your composition? © What are the specific topics you must include? 2 © Which event will you write about? When/where did it

did these begin?

b) Use your answers, and the plan below, to write your composition Use the article in Ex 3 as a model

Plan U

Introduction

Paragraph 1: nơme/†ime/plœce of event,

4 reason for celebrating

Main Body

Paragraph 2: preparations before the event Paragraph 3: fhe event itself

s

Conclusion

Paragraph 4: — feelings/general remarks

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1 Read the rubric, underline the key

words and answer the questions

A teenage magazine has announced a competition for the best short story entitled “The Most Embarrassing Moment of My Life”, and you have decided to enter Write your story for the competition

1 Who are you writing for?

A teenage readers B_ your family

2 Who will your story be about?

A afriend of yours B_ yourself

3 What might such a story be about? A aserious accident

B a frightening experience C an amusing mistake you made

2 — Read the story and number the

pictures (A-D) in the correct order, then answer the questions below

1 When did the events of the story take place? Who is the main character? 2 Why did the writer go to the phone box? 3 Why did she decide to stay there? 4 What do you suppose she thought the

young man wanted to do?

5 Why did she pretend she was speaking to someone on the phone?

What did the man do while the writer was in the phone box?

Why did she come out of the phone box? What was the man waiting to do? Why was it necessary to do this? 10 Why was the writer embarrassed? CỔ oon Introduction 1Í Main Body Conclusion sp i my te Ban The Most Embarrassing Moment of My Life

Have you ever done something stupid that made you feel so embarrassed you wished you could just disappear? Well, that’s exactly how | felt, one chilly Saturday morning last autumn

| had gone to town to do some shopping, and as | was walking through the park on my way to the bus stop it suddenly began to rain | immediately dashed into a nearby phone box since | didn’t have an umbrella It was raining heavily, but it was one of those short autumn showers that don’t last long, so | decided to stay in the phone box until it stopped

A few moments later, | saw a young man walk up to the phone box, wearing a yellow raincoat and holding a tool box | didn’t want to go out into the rain, so | picked up the phone and pretended | was talking to someone | thought the man would go away, but he didn’t He just waited patiently in the pouring rain, watching me wave my hands about and act as if | was deep in conversation

[ “Oh, | don’t want to use the phone,” he replied, smiling broadly

“I've just come to repair it It’s out of order, you see.” | felt myself go bright red in the face and | hurried away with my head down, feeling a complete fool That was certainly one of the most embarrassing moments of my life!

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3 Fill in the correct word from the list, then make

sentences using the completed phrases

box, broadly, complete, face, out of, patiently, pouring 1 a phone 2 atool 3 towait 4 tosmile

So the Story Goes

6 a) Read the extract from a story and fill in the

gaps with linking words from the list

then, later, finally, when, first, until, after

“| STUDY TP When we write a story about events that happened to us

in the past, we use past tenses These include: Past Simple

Past Continuous

for an action that was in progress at a certain time in the

| past (e.g | was having a bath when the phone rang.)

® to give background information at the start of a story (e.g The wind was blowing loudly and the rain was

pouring down ) Past Perfect

® for an action which happened before another action in the past (e.g The train had already left by the time | got

to the station.)

4 Read Para 2 of the story again and find

each verb which is in one of the past tenses above Then, say which tense each verb is in, and why this tense has been used

eg | had gone to town = Past Perfect (action

which happened before another past action)

5 Put the verbs in bold into the correct tense

abt)" (drive) down the

narrow, dark street when | 2) (hear)

someone calling for help, then | 3) (see)

a woman running towards me

(pour) with rain as | (leave) the house and (hurry) to the bus stop

3 Somebody 7) (start) shouting, so |

8) (turn) around to see who it 9)

(be) A young boy 10)

(stand) at the top of the lighthouse, waving frantically 6)

| was in my bedroom ase | reali

‘smell smoke Looking out of the window, | saw fe tae

next door was on fire 2) | phoned the fire brigade, 3) ! ran next door and rang the doorbell | knew my neighbour, Mrs Carr, was at home, but Nobody answered, so | broke a window and went inside : 4) _

Searching for some time, | found Mrs Carr lying unconscious on the kitchen floor, so | dragged her | {

Out of the house The fire brigade 5) arrived and put the fire out | waited with Mrs Carr 6) âf] easels Came to take her to hospital A couple of days went to visit her She was very grateful '

life

to me for saving her ii {

~ tte eth eth

b) Number the events in the correct order

LI Mrs Carr was lying unconscious on the floor

[J I visited Mrs Carr in hospital LL] | smelt smoke

LL] The fire brigade put the fire out

LZ] | phoned the fire brigade

(J Iran next door and rang the doorbell

We often begin and/or end a story about something that happened to us by talking about our feelings Instead of using common adjectives (e.g tired), we should use more

interesting words (e.g exhausted) to describe how we feel

7 a} Complete the table of adjectives with synonyms

from the list, as in the example

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So the Story Goes

8 — Match the adjectives (1-6) to the feelings

of the speakers (A-F), then try to think of synonyms for each adjective

1 amazed[ ] 3 teriied [ ] 5 anxious [7] 2 puzled[ ] 4 depressed[_ ] 6 happy O Oh, dear | hope it’s alright 3 » ° s \3) very happy E “ Wow! Look at that! “Vm not I'm really pleased I can't understand that 2

9 Read the endings and say how the writer

feels in each Which writing techniques

are used in each ending?

a address the reader directly b use direct speech/quotation ¢ ask a rhetorical question

1 When we finally reached / we finally Our destination | felt weak inati

[b] ‘an relief Enjoy your visit to our country, sir,” said [] ! le Tu who stamped my passport | just glared ngrily at him, picked up my suitcase and walked

away | know it wasn’t ver ry polite, but I’ it

would have done the same! ‘ al

2 Three hours later | was still waiting impatiently for

Jack | looked around the filthy café and sighed in

annoyance “You don’t really mind, do you?” Jack said when he finally arrived, and of course | forgave him, just as | always do After all, what are friends for? 3 When we got home, my mother was waiting for us

L] How many times have | told you never to go near

that old house?” she said furiously All we could do was hang our heads in shame

TT

34

10 a) Read the rubric and underline the key words

You recently did something which made you feel very Proud, and you have been asked to write the story of

what happened for your school magazine Write your

story, and say how the incident made you feel

b) Read the story and number the Paragraphs in the correct order

| [A[_] As | got out of the pool and began to dry myself, |

he girl dived into the water again After thirty seconds or more she still hadn’t come to the surface, so | began to | worry | ran to the deep end of the pool, where | saw her | struggling wildly underwater | dived in to help her, and found that her long dark hair was caught in the drain at the bottom of the pool | tried to help her get free, but she | was trapped — and, of course, she was drowning

| What's the most important thing you've ever done

| in your life? For me, it was the occasion, a few weeks ago, | when | was able to save someone's life by being in the | right place at the right time

j |_| Then the lifeguard arrived on the scene, checked

| felt the same if you'd been in my place?

| [D[_] | was at the public swimming pool, and | was

' about to get dressed and go home Since it was a cool, | cloudy afternoon, and beginning to get quite late, the pool | was almost empty The lifeguard was nowhere to be seen, "and the only other swimmer was an eight-year-old girl | [E[_] | swam to the surface and shouted for help, bul | there was no one there Then | noticed an empty Coke | bottle on a table near the pool, so | climbed out, smashet | the bottle and dived back into the water with a piece of the | broken glass Using the sharp edges of the glass, | wai | able to cut through the girl's hair and set her free | dragged her to the surface She coughed up lots of wate | before she finally began to breathe normally again

|

j

1 When and where did the story take place?

2 Who was there? Why weren't there more people there? 3 Why did the writer begin to feel anxious about the girl? Why was the girl ‘struggling wildly underwater’? : Why did the writer smash a bottle?

What did the lifeguard do when he arrived? How did the writer feel at the end of the incident?

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WRITING

First-person narratives are stories about real events that happened to us in the past, or imaginary stories written in the first person (“I/we”), as if we were the main character

When we write a first-person narrative we can divide it into five paragraphs:

¢\n the introduction we catch the reader's attention, and give information about when the story took place

® In the main body (paragraphs 2-4), we explain what was happening when the story began, then develop the story by narrating the events in the order they happened

© In the conclusion we write what happened in the end, mentioning any consequences/results, and describe our feelings and/or reactions Descriptions of people, places, etc can also be included in first-person

narratives

11 a) These events happened last Friday Look at the pictures

and answer the questions

1 What time is it?

2 Where is the man going? 3 What time is his flight?

f 4 What has happened? | 5 What will he have to do?

6 What time is it?

7 Where is the man?

8 What has happened? 9 What is he trying to do?

| 10 Where is he now? 11 What time is it? 12 What has happened?

13 What is he doing now? 14 What news is on the TV? 15 How do you think the

man feels now? —— 12 Plan So the Story Goes

b) Use the pictures, together with the prompts below, to help you tell the story in the first person, as if you were the main character Paris / business trip - flight leave / 9:15 - get up early problems begin - spill coffee / important documents

clean up - already late

set off / airport - car break down decide / take taxi - rush hour - taxis full find taxi - be caught / traffic jam arrive airport 9:45 - flight already left go home - angry, upset, worried - miss

meeting

later, watch TV news - amazed / see - 9:15 flight - land / sea

no serious injuries - still relieved / miss

flight

turn out / be / blessing / disguise

Read the instructions below and

underline the key words Then, use

the prompts in Ex 11, the plan below and the pictures in the Photo File Section to write your

story

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36 * "469898889988 W§85§§§8§§§&§&& Se Mei | P ee | To ‘

key words, then answer the questions

Your favourite magazine holds an annual short story competition, and you have decided to enter The mules for this year's competition state you must write a story which ends with this sentence: “It was certainly a hike they would never forget.” Write your story for the competition (120 - 180 words)

Who is going to read your story? A people with interests/tastes that are

similar to yours

B_ only people interested in hiking Will you write this story as a first-person narrative or not? Which words in the rubric suggest this?

What will the last sentence of your story be?

Which sort of story should you write for the competition?

A_ashort story which includes a secret agent, a time machine, a puzzling murder and aliens from outer space Ban exciting story about an imaginary

incident, including description to give the reader a clear picture of the scene C _atrue story about an historical event, including a lot of factual details,

background information and

explanation

Which of these subjects would you not write about, and why?

A a sailing trip which almost ended in disaster for everyone involved B one man’s solo attempt to walk to

the North Pole

C two women’s terrifying meeting with a bear while walking in the forest D_ the hiking tour which some of your

friends want to go on next year Introduction Main Body Conclusion Read the story and fill in the gaps with verbs from the list gasped, sobbed, warned, whispered, An Unexpected Meeting

[It was a bright summer morning, and a warm breeze was blowing gently through the trees Pauline and Sally stood talking to the park ranger before they set off on a ten-mile hike to the next Ÿ camp site “Be careful in the forest,” the ranger 1)

them, “and remember — this park is in bear country They aren't

| usually dangerous, but if you see any, don’t get too close.”

The two friends followed a hiking trail through the forest until they came to a clearing in the trees with a stream running through it “Oh, look, Pauline!” 2) Sally “Bears!” Two tiny bear cubs were playing happily in the middle of the stream

Sally immediately took a camera from her pack and began to

take photos, but Pauline 3) anxiously where

the cubs’ mother was Hearing a sudden noise, both women turned round and saw an enormous bear charging towards them There was nowhere to hide, and no time to run away from the angry bear, so Pauline knew their only chance was to play dead

“Lie down!” she 4) in Sally's ear “Don’t move!”

They lay absolutely still, face down on the ground, with their eyes tightly closed in terror They heard the bear approach, felt its hot

|_ breath as it sniffed them, then finally heard it walking away They lay there for what seemed like hours, too frightened to move or speak When they were sure the bear had gone, they got up, crying tears of relief “I can hardly believe we had such a lucky

escape!” Sally 5) , Still shaking like a leaf It

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3 Read the story again and answer the questions 1 Which paragraph ‘sets the scene’ (i.e describes the weather, introduces the situation and characters, etc)? 2 In which section do the events develop?

A introduction B mainbody C conclusion

3 How many paragraphs does the main body have? 4 Which paragraph describes what happened in the

end and how the characters felt?

4 Read the list of events and number them in the

order they happened, then use the list to retell the story

(4 An enormous bear charged towards them L] They set off on a ten-mile hike

oO The bear approached them and sniffed them E] They saw two bear cubs playing in the stream L] They cried when they realised they were safe

E] Both of them lay down and pretended to be dead

L] The park ranger warned Pauline and Sally that there Were bears in the forest

5 Fill in the correct word from the list, then make

sentences with the completed phrases

cubs, lucky, park, relief, sudden, ten-mile, unexpected, warm breeze meeting ranger 7 tears of hike 8 a eSCape

* To make our writing more interesting we should use a variety of adjectives such as wonderful, magnificent, exciting, awful, etc instead of good, nice, bad, etc e.g Itwas a piee end to a niee day

It was a perfect end to a wonderful day

In the same way, we can use a variety of ‘speaking’ verbs such as whispered, muttered, shouted, warned, etc instead of said

e.g “Go away!” he said shouted

e.g “Why don't you sit here?” Brenda cheerfully

suggested, politely giving her seat to the old man

6 Read the short extracts and replace the words

in bold with words from the list

a) awtul.2 , exhausted , extremely .,

, tiny , wonderful

Trevor was 1) very tired when he finally got home | “What a(n) 2) very bad day!” he thought sadly He had had a(n) 3) very big argument with the Sales Manager, | who was 4) very angry about a(n) 5) very small mistake | in one of Trevor's sales reports Anyway, he told himself, | it was still 6) very nice to be able to sit down and relax at | the end of a(n) 7) very long, unpleasant day i b) completely fantastic , d@lÏCiOUs , CNOMOUS 5 magnificent

Jill felt 1) very satisfied with life, and she was having | a(n) 2) very nice time on holiday She had just finished | | | a(n) 3) very nice meal, and she was standing on the hotel | _ balcony admiring the 4) very nice view of the harbour, far | | below A(n) 5) very m full moon painted a path of silver | | light on the dark sea —————————~——— ¬ —— 7 Complete the sentences with verbs from the list complained, wondered, asked, screamed, | begged, | demanded

1 “We're having another test? But that’s not fair!” the

schoolboy complained miserably

2 Anne felt a piece of paper being pushed into her hand

“What's this?” she , unfolding the

note and beginning to read 3 “Help me! Somebody help me!”

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38

8 Look at the text in Ex 2 again and underline

all of the adverbs Then, use the words you

have underlined to complete the table of synonyms below 1 softly = 6 firmly = 2 atonce= 7 eventually = 3 completely = 8 cheerfully = 4 nervously = definitely = 5 normally = scarcely =

9 Fill in the gaps with adverbs from the list

angrily, carefully, cheerfully, rudely, suddenly 1 Ken whistled

watered the plants in his garden

2 Amiddle-aged woman pushed her

way to the head of the queue and demanded to be

served

3 Marianne put the delicate crystal

vase back on the shelf, afraid that she would break it 4 “Look what you've done!” he shouted

“Why don’t you watch where you're going? 5 Jennifer was stroking the dog when it

turned and bit her hand to himself as he

She was as white as a sheet

10 G)Fill in the blanks with words from the list

leaf, baby, bee, feather, ice, nails, night, ox, sugar, wind

1 to shake like a(n) /eaf 6 as sweetas

2 ashardas 7 tocry like a(n)

3 as black as 8 ascoldas

4 torun like the 9 as busy as a(n)

5 as strong as a(n) as light as a(n)

b) Make sentences using the similes above

e.g | offered to help Jane carry her suitcase but she told me it was as light as a feather

¢ We set the scene at the beginning of a story by describing where and when the story takes place, who the characters are and what happens first © To give the reader a clear picture of the scene, we

often describe the weather (e.g hot, cold, cloudy, chilly, etc) and/or atmosphere (e.g peaceful, quiet,

relaxing, etc), the season and/or time of day, etc

11 a) Match each of the sentences to one of the

pictures below, then use the sentences to describe the scene in each picture What

season/time of day does each picture show?

1 A Tiny, fluffy clouds drifted across the deep blue sky

Dias Awhite spray of water fell into the dark pool below,

Bisa Golden autumn leaves floated on the water Bass The pure white sand sparkled in the bright sun

Palm trees swayed in the cool afternoon breeze

B tới The green valley was chilly in the shade of the

late afternoon

———_——>

—_——— b) Use the prompts to write about the picture in

the past tense

- cloudy sky / be / pink in / soft light / late afternoon

- first snow / winter /

cover / steep side / mountain

- freezing water /

calm lake / reflect /

white snow & dark

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WRITING

MT

When we write an exciting story about an imaginary incident, in the form of a third-person narrative, we can divide our composition into five paragraphs

® In the first paragraph, we set the scene (i.e who was involved in the story, when and where it happened, and what happened first) © In the main body (paragraphs 2-4) we develop the story by writing

about the rest of the events in the order they happened

® In the conclusion, we write what happened in the end and describe the feelings of the people in the story

We normally use past tenses in such pieces of writing

12 a) Look at the pictures of events from a dramatic incident, and number them in the order they happened [A] 13 Plan What a Relief! 2 l

b) Match the sets of prompts to the pictures, then use the prompts to tell the story What tenses will you use? bright summer sun - fairground - Gary and sister Wendy - queue for Ferris wheel - climb into seat - attendant locks safety bar

wheel begins to turn - higher and higher - see for miles - wheel stops at top - Wendy terrified, Gary laughs

Gary unlocks safety bar - stands up - Wendy begs: “Sit down, Gary!” - “Don’t worry, | won't fall!”

wheel suddenly starts again - Gary loses balance, falls - hanging from safety bar - Wendy grabs arm - “Hold on, Gary!” reach ground safely - everyone relieved - attendant shouts at Gary for being so stupid - Gary ashamed

Read the rubric and underline the key words, then use the prompts in Ex 12, the plan below and the

pictures in the Photo File Section to write your story

Your teacher has asked you to write a story which ends with this sentence: “He had learned his lesson, and would never do anything so stupid again.” Write a story about someone's foolish behaviour which almost ended in tragedy (120-180 words) Introduction Paragraph 1: Set the scene (who, when, M where, what) Main Body Paragraphs 2 - 4: 9 Develop the story vents in order) Conclusion

Paragraph 5: End the story & describe feelings

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