Affordances of heritage environment a conservation approach to hanoi ancient quarter in vietnam 2

AFFORDANCES OF HERITAGE ENVIRONMENT: A CONSERVATION APPROACH TO HANOI ANCIENT QUARTER IN VIETNAM NGO MINH HUNG (BArch, UCE; Msc, AIT-Thailand) Volume of A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 - Appendix A - PUBLICATIONS  Ngo M inh Hung, Wong Yunn Chii and Heng Chye Kiang (2008), Examining Conservation Possibilities on Urban Heritage Environment- Its User relation in Hanoi, Vietnam HERITAGE 2008, PORTUGAL  Ngo M inh Hung, Wong Yunn Chii (2006), A schema for the Conservation of TubeHouses (Hanoi, Vietnam) CONSERVATION IN CHANGING SOCIETIES, Leuven, BELGIUM  Ngo M inh Hung (2005), Re-planning structure and Socializing conservation of “Hanoi Ancient Quarter” towards Sustainable Urban Development in Vietnam 6th APRU, Oregon, USA 228 - Appendix B - FIELD S URVEYS STATISTICAL DATA & TABLES SKETCHES & DRAWINGS SEM I- STRUCTURED INTERVIEW IN- DEPTH INTERVIEW 229 B1- STATISTICAL DATA & TABLES Summary of statistical data (Semi-structured Interview) in three blocks Of Hanoi Ancient Quarter Site 1(smallest) Environments’ characteristics Site (medium) Site (big) Hang Dao- Cau Go- Dinh Liet- Gia Ngu Luong Van Can- Hang Gai- Hang Dao- Han g Bo Ta Hien- Ma May- Luong Ngoc Quyen- hang Bac Case Ancient Quarter image Cultural- Religious buildings Traditional house (tube) Traditional commerce Traditional- Cultural activities Streetscape a Perception of famous streets? (see tables/ figures below) b Place for Trad Cul Activities? c How you involve in these activities? Decorate street elements Prepare flat, surfaces available Give suggestions/ Knowledge Other d What elements of street you like to use, restore, rebuild, revitalize for making better cultural space? Pedestrians oriented Rudimentary transport Merchant streets Street lighting Street meaning & Its characteristics a What street means to you an integral part of your whole life a place for such commercial activit y A historic, professional street b Is there any specific/ unique characteristics of the street you know? developmental history, and its functions throughout periods architectural typology/ vernacular architecture properties, settings c What you with those things? develop professional occupations and products adaptive- use for present/ future Hanoian style remodel elements of the street for private purpose and use Roofscape a Is there any specific roof-style for this area? b What is salient character of roofscape of the Ancient Quarter? slope (terracotta) with fire-protected wall, wooden structure (traditional roof) flat (concrete) Others c What you to accelerate local identity of the Quarter? continue using traditional roof for new/ present construction green-roof oriented (bonsai art/ planting tree…) Others d There wasn’t a specific roof type for the Ancient Quarter but I (neighborhood families) reconstructed/ repaired it to 22 34 50 (M.A1) (Y:12) 26.7% 32 17 11 96 % 39.3 60.7 100.0 (N: 33) 73.3% 100.0 53.1 34.4 12.5 100.0 Case % Case 17 29 30 21.0 35.8 37.0 6.2 39 - 52 (M.A) (Y:11) 22.0% 55 10 13 16 16 72 100.0 (N:39) 78% 100.0 18.2 23.6 29.1 29.1 100.0 48 (M.A) (Y:21) 42.0% 48 13 10 19 50 % 14.5 70.9 14.5 100.0 (N:29) 58.0% 100.0 27.1 20.8 12.5 39.6 100.0 35 12 30 - 36.5 12.5 31.5 - 26 27 13 36.1 8.3 37.5 18.1 19 10 12 38.0 20.0 18.0 24.0 72 46 26 50 100.0 63.9 36.1 100.0 74 44 28 52 100.0 59.5 37.8 2.7 100.0 87 37 36 54 100.0 42.5 41.4 6.9 100.0 37 62 40 11 11 74.0 8.0 18.0 100.0 64.5 17.7 17.7 35 58 40 16 67.3 17.3 15.4 100.0 69.0 3.4 27.6 24 18 12 54 20 25 44.4 33.3 22.2 100.0 16.7 37.0 46.3 (Y:39) 78.0 % 50 (N: 11) 22.0% 100.0 (Y:45) 90% 54 (N:5) 10% 100.0 (Y:36) 72.0% 101 (N:14) 28.0% 100.0 40 80.0 45 83.3 45 44.6 10 20.0 40 100.0 53 9.3 7.4 100.0 19 37 49 18.8 36.6 100.0 39 17 61 63.9 8.2 27.9 100.0 38 17 58 60.3 12.7 27.0 100.0 17 25 48 34.7 14.3 51.0 100.0 M.A: Multiple Answers/ Choices 230 Site 1(smallest) Environments’ characteristics Site (medium) Site (big) Hang Dao- Cau Go- Dinh Liet- Gia Ngu Luong Van Can- Hang Gai- Hang Dao- Han g Bo Ta Hien- Ma May- Luong Ngoc Quyen- hang Bac Case make a difference roof repairs roof replacements Construction or repair of mansard roofs Street (housing) facades a Is this street faỗade is different to others in your area? b (Yes) what features of street facades is important to your beneficiary? ancient/ vernacular architecture of tube-house French architecture and details on hybrid architecture of the faỗade New storefront / modern style (transparent/ dark glass…)/ sign design Others c What are you using the faỗade for? creating a marking point as a “ SELF” symbol to draw people attention for your business (restaurant, hotel, food stall, retail…) hanging tourist products on and placing advertisement signboard no use Others d If there are no faỗades specific as you like, what would you to make such faỗade for your SELF within an ancient environment? Windows Doors Signage Awnings Lighting Painting Fencing additions to exiting structures Repair or creation of features not compatible with the original architecture Landscape a Is there existing a system of street trees? b What kind of trees should be planted in the Ancient Quarter? milk- flower tree (Cay si) insult tree (Cay Da) Dau Da Xoan shadow (small, medium, big) height (low, medium, high) c How you use those trees? religious activities business advertisement padded waves/ rural activities around its root Others d How you bring greenery/ tree- benefit into your li ving space? take care the tree associated with faỗade of buildings for better landscape occupy the tree for private business (commercial, hotel, restaurant aims) limit activit ies around tree-roots because it is a religious symbol of locality cut it down due to its location blocking commercial/ economic activities 34 22 (Y: 42) 84.0 % 58 % 55.7 8.2 36.1 (N: 8) 16.0% 100.0 46 79.3 12 Case 36 17 (Y:39) 78% 58 % 62.1 29.3 8.6 (N:11) 22.0% 100.0 Case 24 13 11 (Y:33) 66.0% 60 % 50.0 27.1 22.9 (N:17) 34.0% 100.0 39.7 13.8 10.3 31.0 23 38.3 20.7 23 18 21 35.0 13.3 64 18 100.0 28.1 59 16 5.2 100.0 27.1 59 12 13.3 100.0 20.3 30 46.9 19 32.2 15 25.4 11 119 17.2 7.8 100.0 15 152 15.3 25.4 100.0 21 11 102 15.3 18.7 100.0 10 27 16 18 13 8.4 22.7 13.4 15.1 10.9 30 4.2 25.2 10 21 30 22 20 29 6.6 13.8 19.7 14.5 3.3 4.6 5.3 13.2 19.1 13 15 16 17 15 7.8 12.7 14.7 15.7 8.8 6.9 2.0 16.7 14.7 (Y: 30) 60.0% 65 (N: 20) 40% 100.0 (Y:41) 82.0% 89 (N:9) 18.0% 100.0 (Y:27) 54.0% 65 (N:23) 46.0% 100.0 35 18 12 39 16 23 42 53.8 27.7 18.5 100.0 41.0 59.0 100.0 20 11 22 21 15 48 22.5 12.4 24.7 23.6 16.9 100.0 33 54 68.8 16.7 14.6 100.0 17 29 52 13 11 21 67 7.7 26.2 44.6 12.3 9.2 100.0 25.0 13.5 21.2 40.4 100.0 25 59.5 43 79.6 22 32.8 11.9 11.1 14 20.9 21.4 - - 13 19.4 2.4 - - 4.5 231 Site 1(smallest) Environments’ characteristics Site (medium) Site (big) Hang Dao- Cau Go- Dinh Liet- Gia Ngu Luong Van Can- Hang Gai- Hang Dao- Han g Bo Ta Hien- Ma May- Luong Ngoc Quyen- hang Bac Case don’t consider that tree because it belong to public area, local authority Others Commercial cultural spaces a Is there a cultural space for you to express your “SELF”/community identity? b Where are you selling your handicraft/ rural/ traditional products/ tourist- goods? sidewalk, pedestrian area front-shop of tube-house inside the house/ corridor anywhere possible/ available c How you use those spaces? occupy it for your own be willing to share it with relative/ neighboring to get benefit share space with certain condition don’t use because I/ family don’t have economic and other demand Others d There wasn’t a really cultural commercial space but I and families arranged/ revitalize a space for retaining your rural culture, and characteristic adaptive- use change structure, objects of the space new installation and set-up reconstruct space’s settings Others Dwelling, religious and historic buildings a Is there any buildings that need to be preserved? b How you/ people/ professional groups utilize these buildings/ its elements? organize religious events and ceremonies perform cultural and rural social festivals and so on remodel it for tourist purpose revitalize it for residential/ other target Others c What should you to preserve the buildings for next generation? move out of the building (don’t misuse the building function? restore original architecture and function retain detached architectural/ art objects only rebuild a part of the building for tourist development replace decayed structure of the building with your supports, capacity nothing due to its belonging to the community and public Others Surfaces a From you observation, is there any ancient architecture style still being existed in your area? b Which are architectural details old in your construction? Faỗade Housing structure Architectural details Roof Column, Pillar c How you know these surfaces that contained particular values (historic, cultural, local identity)? Features, materials, age of the surface architectural detail, structure of the surface % Case % Case 4.8 5.6 12 17.9 % - - 3.7 4.5 (Y:14) 28.0% 42 (N: 36) 72.0% 100.0 (Y:45) 90.0% 61 (N:5) 10.0% 100.0 (Y:38) 76.0% 71 (N:12) 24.0% 100.0 25 37 26 - 9.5 59.5 14.3 16.7 100.0 70.3 - 10 41 54 37 16.4 67.2 6.6 9.9 100.0 68.5 14.8 13.0 3.7 21 14 29 75 34 25 16 - 29.6 19.7 40.8 9.9 100.0 45.3 33.3 21.3 - 11 43 29.7 100.0 61 100.0 65 100.0 26 6 60.5 14.0 14.0 11.6 46 75.4 8.2 13.1 3.3 40 10 61.5 9.2 6.2 7.7 15.4 (Y:28) 56.0% 46 (N:22) 44.0% 100.0 (Y:18) 36.0% 68 (N:32) 64.0% 100.0 (Y:37) 74.0% 60 (N:13) 26.0% 100.0 22.1 17.6 23.5 7.4 29.5 100.0 22 15 19 36.7 25.0 31.7 6.6 74 100.0 10 12 19 21.7 26.1 41.3 10.9 39 100.0 15 12 16 20 62 - 11.3 21 28.4 17 - 23.1 43.6 - 29 11.3 46.8 11.3 30 12 40.5 16.2 6.8 2.7 17.9 15.4 11.3 8.1 2 2.7 2.7 - (Y:28) 56.0% 69 29 19 21 47 30 (N:22) 44.0% 100.0 42.0 27.5 30.4 100.0 10.6 63.8 (Y:23) 46.0% 84 33 15 17 14 67 26 29 (N:27) 54.0% 100.0 39.3 6.0 17.9 20.2 16.7 100.0 38.8 43.3 (Y:32) 64.0% 55 18 11 16 51 11 21 (N:15) 30.0% 100.0 32.7 20.0 9.1 29.1 9.1 100.0 21.6 41.2 232 Site 1(smallest) Environments’ characteristics Site (medium) Site (big) Hang Dao- Cau Go- Dinh Liet- Gia Ngu Luong Van Can- Hang Gai- Hang Dao- Han g Bo Ta Hien- Ma May- Luong Ngoc Quyen- hang Bac Case literature, historic records and mono- research information, stories inherited from previous generations Others c What you like to with these specific surfaces? Protect/ maintain some of them as religious symbol use it carefully for retaining memories of the past generations improve its quality for art purpose remove it, replace it for new use/ development d If there is no unique architectural surface, what should you to make a particular surface for your utilization? Decorate it for business related to tourist industry/ service adapt it into reproducible preservation oriented/ future repair of the house rebuild it for new idea/ business Others Detached/ Attached objects a Is there any architectural objects as an integral part of the Quarter d If there is lacking architectural objects appropriate to ancient Quarter environment, what would you to make it for enhancing identity of this area? design new objects to display “ SELF” of Hanoian reproduce old style- objects replace old objects by modern/ fashionable objects for commercia l/ tourist activity others 10 The corridor a Is there, in your tube-house/ place, a featured corridor for social activity/ family communication? b What is predominant function of the corridor you perceived? storage of things (bikes, goods and junk) stoves for cooking drive motorbike from the street to the courtyards sell clothes- goods, rural foods of several rear households others c How you utilize the corridor? divide concrete area for each family’s use (social boundaries, limitations?) use it for communication and transport gain more space for private activities against less space in common use organize the long/ narrow space for famous/ localizable eating & drinking others d There wasn’t a corridor wide enough for your family , what would you like to to make one? remodel its structure, component and surfaces for adaptiveuse decorate interior with other households to make use of its function rebuild corridor with new measures others 11 Inner courtyards a Is there fully featured and structured courtyards? b What functional components of the corridor did you perceive? spaces for washing, drying, preparing food and cottage industry % Case % Case % 45 24 16 10.6 14.9 100.0 53.3 35.6 56 21 14 3.0 10.4 4.5 100.0 37.5 25.0 11 44 13 10 21.6 15.7 100.0 29.5 22.7 41 11.1 100.0 16 59 8.9 28.6 100.0 10 11 36 22.7 25.0 100.0 24 17.1 58.5 16 24 27.1 40.7 16 11.1 44.4 10 - 24.4 - 12 20.3 11.9 14 38.9 5.6 (Y: 15) 30.0% 16 (N:35) 70.0% 100.0 (Y:20) 40.0% 28 - 56.3 - 12 7 43.8 - (N:30) 60.0% 100.0 (Y:26) 52.0% 38 (N:15) 30.0% 100.0 42.9 32.1 25.0 19 50.0 23.7 21.1 - 5.3 (Y: 45) 90.0% 55 (N:5) 10.0% 100.0 (Y:36) 72.0% 40 (N:10) 20.0% 100.0 (Y:31) 62.0% 78 (N:19) 38.0% 100.0 12 26 55 13 16.4 21.8 14.5 47.3 100.0 23.6 24 5 43 23 60.0 12.5 12.5 15.0 100.0 53.5 17 20 17 19 70 34 21.8 25.6 21.8 24.4 6.4 100.0 48.6 25 10 45.5 18.2 18.6 16.3 25 35.7 7.1 12.7 7.0 8.6 49 100.0 54 4.7 100.0 62 100.0 18.4 21 38.9 28 45.2 8.2 22 40.7 13 21.0 26 10 53.1 20.4 7.4 13.0 17 6.5 27.4 (Y: 17) 34.0% 28 - (N:33) 66.0% 100.0 - (Y:21) 42.0% 40 (N:29) 58.0% 100.0 5.0 (Y:24) 48.0% 40 13 (N:26) 52.0% 100.0 32.5 233 Site 1(smallest) Environments’ characteristics Site (medium) Site (big) Hang Dao- Cau Go- Dinh Liet- Gia Ngu Luong Van Can- Hang Gai- Hang Dao- Han g Bo Ta Hien- Ma May- Luong Ngoc Quyen- hang Bac Case refreshing space (decorative plants, rocky garden, goldfish pond…) space for further development public and household gathering and meeting others c How you use the courtyards for various purposes? use its surface, attached objects (air well, others) for everyday activities of Hanoian (other style) family wash and dry clothes, prepare food keep chatting, meeting and gathering organize cultural mini-space and tea-drinking, traditional food atmosphere others d There wasn’t appropriate courtyards for your activities, what would you to design one/ two yards for households/ families restore original structure/ settings for the ancient tubehouse repair old/ decayed components/ objects to adaptations for use (props, separations, connections) improve space’s quality by displaying “ Self” (personalization, identification, group membership) protect whatever belonging to you and your grandparents others 12 Open- space b What are characteristics of above open-spaces that you suppose useful for ancient quarter’s life? where people play games and everyday exercise where people purchase traditional goods (flowers, bonsai trees….) where community/ groups perform cultural festivals/ events where tourist is attracted by ancient urban forms, vernacular architecture, art details where people come and sense Hanoian lifestyle and atmosphere of 4the Ancient Quarter c How you/ neighboring use these spaces? use vacant/ clean flat areas for private/ group activities prefer to use fully furnished and facilitated places for short relaxation use area where have lighting system, trees and furniture selling instant foods/ occupy a place for peddled waves, private use others d What would you to arrange a place in this space for these purposes? set-up/ add new objects into a certain space use private signage to make sure your boundary replace existed facilities, furniture by others for your/ group preference repair/ improve bad surfaces, objects for your utilization others 13 Cooking spaces a Is there any a sharing kitchen/ a place for cooking? b What are functions of the cooking spaces useful to you? food/ meal preparation for the family at a bounded area cook traditional foods in important events (wedding, funeral…) make traditional/ professional products (candy, salted dry apricot, Hanoian presents of foods…) illustrate lifestyle, identity, culture of Hanoian through spatial organization % Case % Case % 11 39.3 22 55.0 14 35.0 13 28 13 14.3 46.4 100.0 46.4 44 15 20.0 15.0 5.0 100.0 34.1 39 15 7.5 20.0 5.0 100.0 38.5 11 - 39.3 - 14 9.1 31.8 13.6 11 28.2 11 28.2 34 14.3 100.0 39 11.4 100.0 31 5.1 100.0 13 38.2 - - 9.7 10 29.4 15.4 15 48.4 - 23.1 19.4 11 - 32.4 - 20 51.3 10.3 - 22.6 - 64 100.0 90 100.0 104 100.0 13 14.1 20.3 25 13 27.8 14.4 16 24 15.4 23.1 27 11 42.2 17.2 17 15 18.9 16.7 24 23 23.1 22.1 6.3 20 22.2 17 16.3 47 15 100.0 31.9 12.8 74 15 11 100.0 20.3 14.9 72 21 100.0 29.2 12.5 14 8.5 29.8 35 47.3 10.8 21 14 29.2 19.4 69 17.0 100.0 57 6.8 100.0 73 9.7 100.0 20 17 29 24.6 12 3.5 21.1 8.8 13 22 21 17.8 30.1 28.8 28 40.6 5.8 32 10.5 56.1 10 13.7 9.6 (Y:48) 96.0% 63 42 (N:2) 4.0% 100.0 66.7 9.5 15 23.8 - (Y:32) 64.0% 58 45 13 (N:18) 36.0% 100.0 77.6 22.4 (Y:30) 60.0% 52 44 (N:20) 40.0% 100.0 84.6 9.6 - - - - - - 5.8 - - 234 Site 1(smallest) Environments’ characteristics Site (medium) Site (big) Hang Dao- Cau Go- Dinh Liet- Gia Ngu Luong Van Can- Hang Gai- Hang Dao- Han g Bo Ta Hien- Ma May- Luong Ngoc Quyen- hang Bac Case c How are you using this space? use a occupied place for such cooking everyday meal use this space/ area with other families/ relatives in different time apply a part of kitchen for producing Hanoi presents of foods exploit its present structure/ settings for economic development activities/ tourist service and cultural demonstration at the rear of the house others d If there is a poor cooking place, what would you like to form a better one for your family and neighboring? repair surfaces, improve facilities for better social communication and relationship reconstruct entire cooking space referring to its original organization, settings restore parts of sharing kitchen for temporary its existence others 14 Other places a Is there other places for cultural/ social activities 60 39 10 % Case % Case % 100.0 65.0 16.7 50 45 - 100.0 90.0 - 65 45 100.0 69.2 6.2 - 6.0 14 21.5 11 18.3 - - 45 100.0 54 4.0 100.0 48 3.1 100.0 - 12 22.2 28 58.3 14 31.1 10 18.5 8.3 11 20 24.4 44.4 12 20 22.2 37.5 13 6.3 27.1 (Y:0) 0% (N:50) 100% - - (Y:12) 24.0% (N:38) 76.0% (Y:3) 6.0% (N:44) 88.0% - - 235 S treetscape a Perception of famous streets? Which bloc k Bloc k street Count Total Bloc k Col % Count Bloc k Col % Count Count Col % Col % 1.9% Hang Dao 30 60.0% 48 92.3% 7% 112 74.7% Gia Ngu 10 20.0% 9.6% Dinh Li et 15 10.0% 21 42.0% 17.3% 10 Cau Go 10.0% 7.7% 20.8% 40 26.7% 16.7% 17 Luong Van Can 11.3% 10.0% 17 32.7% Hang Bo 10.0% 13 25.0% 16 33.3% 38 25.3% 8.3% 22 14.7% Hang Gai 14.6% 4.7% Ta Hien 12.5% 4.0% Luong Ngoc Quyen 8.3% 2.7% 34 70.8% Ma May 11 22.0% 14 26.9% 10.4% 30 20.0% Hang Bac 41 82.0% 48 92.3% 32 66.7% 121 80.7% street1(a) N Hang Dao Responses Percent 2% Percent of Cases 7% 112 27.1% 74.7% Gia Ngu Dinh Liet 15 40 3.6% 9.7% 10.0% 26.7% Cau Go 17 4.1% 11.3% Luong Van Can Hang Bo 38 22 9.2% 5.3% 25.3% 14.7% 1.7% 1.5% 4.7% 4.0% Hang Gai Ta Hien Luong Ngoc Quy en 2.7% 7.3% 29.3% 20.0% 80.7% 413 Total 1.0% 30 121 Ma May Hang Bac 100.0% 275.3% Hang Bac 29.3% Ma May Luong Ngoc Quyen 7.3% 1.0% Ta Hien 1.5% Hang G 1.7% Hang Bo 5.3% Luong Van Can Cau Go 9.2% 4.1% Dinh Liet Gia Ngu 9.7% 3.6% Hang Dao 0.0% 27.1% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% Perceptions of Famous streets of the Blocks 236  Typical examples: “Landscape- usage”  296  Typical examples: “Architectural object- usage”  297  Typical examples: “Architectural facade- usage”  298  Typical examples: “Closed/ Open corridor- usage”  299  Typical examples: “Courtyard- usage”  300  COLLECTED PHOTOS OF ANCIENT QUARTER IN THE PAST  Hang Dao Street, Front Elevation, Ancient Quarter of Hanoi (Sida, 1995) Kim Ngan Communal house, No 42 Hang Bac Source: Nguy en M T (2005) 301 Truong Thi Communual house, No 50 Hang Bac Source: Nguy en M.T (2005) 302 Traditional Gate in the Ancient Quarter of Hanoi (before the French Colonial Rule) Source: Trần Hùng, Nguyễn Quốc Thông, Thăng Long – Hà Nội Mười kỷ thị hóa, NXB Xây dựng, Hà Nội, 1995 Source: Trần Hùng, Nguyễn Quốc Thông, Thăng Long – Hà Nội Mười kỷ thị hóa, NXB Xây dựng, Hà Nội, 1995 Source: Les cahiers de l’Ipraus, 2001, “Hanoi, le cycle des mÐ tamorphoses” Source : Les cahiers de l’Ipraus, 2001, “Hanoi, le cy cle des mÐ tamorphoses” Source: Les cahiers de l’Ipraus, 2001, “Hanoi, le cycle des mÐ tamorphoses” Internet: http://diendan.nguoihanoi.net/viewtopic.php?t=7411 303 An old street in the Quarter Internet: http://diendan.nguoihanoi.net/viewtopic.php?t=993 Hang Bac, 1956 Internet: http://diendan.nguoihanoi.net/viewtopic.php?t=993 Hanoi Street- 1948 Internet: http://diendan.nguoihanoi.net/viewtopic.php?t=6472 Hang Buom street, 1940 Internet: http://diendan.nguoihanoi.net/viewtopic.php?t=993 Hanoi Street- 1948 Internet: http://diendan.nguoihanoi.net/viewtopic.php?t=6472 The Ancient Quarter of Hanoi during the French Colonial Rule (1916) Source: Trần Hùng, Nguy ễn Quốc Thông, Thăng Long – Hà Nội Mười kỷ thị hóa, NXB Xây dựng, Hà Nội, 1995 304 - Appendix D- OTHER STUDIES & RELEVANT DOCUM ENTS 305 The historic milestones of the Ancient Quarter are presented in the following chronological order:  From 3rd century B.C to 1010: There was in present-day Hanoi area a Citadel, called as Đai La, and a very small village, named Tống Bình  Thang Long period (1010- 1800): Soon after ascending the throne, King Ly Thai To (Lý Dynasty) left Capital Hoa Lu and visited the Đai La citadel The site enchanted him, and he decided to move the capital to Đai La According to a legend, King Lý saw a golden dragon flying from the Đai La citadel; hence the name Thang Long (The soaring dragon) was given to the new capital which was founded in l0l0, consisting of the Royal City and a city for the common population As early as in the l5th Century, a “settlement of 36 guilds and streets” emerged and became the embryo of present-day Hanoi’s Ancient Quarter with streets bearing evocative names: Silk Street, Sugar Street, Rice Street, Paper Street, Vermicelli Street, Hemps Street, Cotton Street, Sail Street, Brine Street, Jewellers’ Street, M at Street, Paper Votive objects Street, M edicine Street, Broiled Fish Street etc  Pre-colonial period (1802- 1883): Emperor Gia Long, Founder of the Nguyen Dynasty, ascended the throne in l802 and moved the Capital to Hue; Thang Long became the place of residence of the Viceroy of the North with a new name, Hanoi, given to it by Emperor M inh M ang, successor of Gia Long, in 1831  Colonial period and Anti-French war (1883- 1954): Following the establishment of French colonial rule, the New Quarter, that is, the French Quarter was built while the Ancient Quarter continued to grow as a centre for small trade and handicraft trades and witnessed the emergence of a class of well-to-do merchants  Next, interwar period (1955- 1964): As stipulated in the l954 Geneva Agreements, North Vietnam was under the control of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam The 306 new authorities of Hanoi Capital city decided that the Quarter of 36 Old streets should remain and develop as a commercial area  Anti-American War period (1965- 1975): No significant construction activities were recorded in this period  Modern period (from 1976 onward): Following the end of the Anti-American War, a new master plan for Hanoi worked out jointly by Vietnamese and Soviet planners from Leningrad suggested that the Ancient Quarter should be designated as a conservation area 307 A Comparative Re view on Conse rvation Proje cts in Vie tnam N o Before Project locations Type Owner After Stakeholders Investment funds Duong Lam1 (Ha Tay) Residenti al house Private Japanes e NGO (Waseda University) 100.000 USD (1.69 bill VND) Hoi An2 73 houses Private Provincial authorities Project 87 Ma May3 (Hanoi) Tubehouse Total- Time consuming Project 51 Hang Bac3 Tubehouse Status/ Note Residential house mil USD/ 73 houses (27.400 USD/ house) [or] 464.0 mil.VND/ house years Residential house Toulouse (France) In: Project Hanoi2010 Multihouseholds months 150.000 Euro/ house (3.27 bill VND/ house) > year Cultural centre (no resident), National relic (2003) Toulouse (France) In: Project Hanoi2010 150.000 Euro/ house (3.27 bill VND/ house) The State property > years Residential house Household owned house year (2000-1) Admin Office (HAQMB), no-resident - HPC: 70% - France/Brussels: 30% - Households: reallocation, rental fees Project 38 Hang Dao3 Commun al house Modern residential houses (same areas, height, proportions) (*) Source: research findings (2008) State Toulouse (France) In: Project Hanoi2010 Private (1): Section 1.2-a ; Private 150.000 Euro/ house (3.27 bill VND/ house) > mil VND/m2 (130USD/m2)4 > 4mil VND/m2 (236 ÚD/m2)5 (2): Section 1.2-b ; 3-5 months Residential house (3): Nguyen M.T (2008) (4): Internet: http://www.dddn.com.vn/15769cat4/Chi-duoi-2-trieu-dongm2.htm (5): My own experience in constructing private houses in Hanoi City 305 Ha Noi People ’s Committee Decision 45/1999/Q D-UB of Te mporarily Managing Hanoi Ancient Quarte r, 1999 (An example of first two pages; total: 20 pages) 306 Ministry of Construction De cision 70/ BXD/KT-QH of plan of protection, restoration and de velopment of Hanoi Ancient Quarter, 1995 (An example of first two pages; total pages) 307 ... Ngo M inh Hung (20 05), Re-planning structure and Socializing conservation of ? ?Hanoi Ancient Quarter? ?? towards Sustainable Urban Development in Vietnam 6th APRU, Oregon, USA 22 8 - Appendix B - FIELD... idea/ business Others Detached/ Attached objects a Is there any architectural objects as an integral part of the Quarter d If there is lacking architectural objects appropriate to ancient Quarter. .. everyday 24 7 B2- SKETCHES & DRAWINGS Building No 20 Hang Dao and its surrounds 24 8 Corridor- No 22 Hang Dao 24 9 Building No 48 Hang Dao and shared place- usage 25 0 Building No 90 Hang Dao 25 1 Building