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ĐỀ và bài tập ôn LUYỆN THPT QUỐC GIA môn TIẾNG ANH

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Alternative of If clause - Unless = If … not … Ex: Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.. I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me.. - She didn’t stop her car because she d

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

I Structure

Function If- clause Main clause

1 Probability Simple Present

Verb: V1/s/es/ don’t/

doesn’t Be: am/ is/ are (not) + …

Simple Future Verb: will (not) + V1

Be: will (not) be +

(don’t) V1

2 Unreal

present

Past Subjunctive Verb: V2/ed / didn’t V1

Be: were/ weren’t

Future in the past Verb: would (not)

V1

Be: would (not)

be

3 Unreal

past

Past Perfect Subjunctive Verb: had (not) + V3/

ed

Be: had (not) been

Verb: would(n’t) have V3

Be: would not have been

Ex:

- If it (not rain) , we will have a picnic

- If you heat ice, it (melt) _

- If she comes, please (let) me know

- If I were in your shoes, I (not, do) _ that

- If I (water) _ the plants, they wouldn’t have

died

*Note:

1 Adv of time

- Present: now, today, right now, at the moment,…  Type 2

- Past: last, ago, yesterday,…  Type 3

- Future: next week, tomorrow  Type 1 Ex:

- If you (be) busy tomorrow, can you let me know ?

- If she (study) hard yesterday, she (pass) _ the exam

2 Mix type:

- Usually mix between type 2 and 3 Ex:

- If she (eat) _ something last night, she (not, be) hungry now

- If I (take) _ the train last night, I (be) here with you now

- If it (rain) _ an hour ago, the streets (be) wet now

- If the students (know) _ that is not good for them, they (do) that yesterday

- If she (finish) _ the job earlier, she (be) _ going to the party tonight

3 Special types

If + S + should (not) + be/ V 1 , S + will (not) + be/ V 1 + …

 Unexpected things

Ex: If she should come, please tell me immediately so I can prepare something for her.

If + S + will + V 1 , S + will (not) + be

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+ V 1 + …

 Polite request (for type 1)

Ex: If you will just wait a moment, I will find someone to help

you

= Please wait a moment, I will find someone to help you.

If + S + should (not) / were to + V 1 , S + would +

(not) be/ V 1 + …

 Unsure things

Ex: If she were to see you here, she would very surprised.

If + S + would + V 1 , S + would (not) +

be + V 1 + …

 Polite request (for type 2)

Ex: If you would come this way, the doctor would see you

now

4 Continuous tense in conditional sentences

Ex:

- If you are waiting for the bus, please join the line

- If we were going by boat, we would feel more relaxed

- If I hadn’t been wearing seatbelt at that moment, I would

have been seriously injured

 Emphasize the continuance

5 Alternative modal verb

- Instead of will/ would in main clause, we can use:

+ must/ have to  obligation

+ may/ might  probability

+ can/ could  ability

Ex:

- If it rains, we are going to stay at home

- If you were in Britain, you had to drive on the left side

- If Mary jogs regularly, she may lose weight

II Alternative of If clause

- Unless = If … not … Ex: Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam

(= If you don’t study hard)

- Provided/ Providing that/ As soon as/ On condition (that): miễn là

Ex: You can use my car, provided that you drive carefully

- Suppose/ Supposing that: giả sử là … (NOT with type 1) Ex: Suppose the meeting is put off, what will we do?

- In case = in the event that: trong trường hợp Ex: In case it rains, please bring along a raincoat

- Even if: ngay cả khi Ex: Even if we are poor, we will always help other people

- But for = Without: nếu không có

If it weren’t for = Were it not for

If it hadn’t been for = Had it not been for + N phrase ,

S + would V 1

V 3

Without

Ex: But for your help, I couldn’t have passed the exam

- or/ or else/ ortherwise

S + (don’t/ doesn’t) V 1/s-es + or/ or else + S + will (not) +

V 1

S + (don’t/ doesn’t) V 1/s-es Otherwise, S + will (not) +

V 1

Ex: Hurry up or you will miss the train!

III Inversion of If – clause

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If + S + should V 1 = Should

+ S + V 1

- If they should do  _

If + S + was/ were + O = Were + S

+ (not) + O

_

If + S + were to + V 1 = Were +

S + to V 1

If + S + V 2/ed + … = Did + S +

(not) + V 1

Ex: If she watered the plants 

If + S + had V 3/ed = Had + S +

(not) + V 3

III Transformation

- A so/ therefore/ that’s why B  If (A), M (B)

- A because B  If (B), M (A)

- Prepositions: and/ or/ or else  If 1

- Because/ So/ That’s why/ therefore  If 2 or 3 or mix

(based on Adverb of time in each clause)

Ex:

- Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well

 If Peter

- Mary doesn’t have enough money She can’t buy a new car

 If Mary

- Go right now or you’ll be late for the train

 If you

- He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough time

 If he

- Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam

 If we

- I didn’t do the homework last night, so I am punished today

 If you

- Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you

 If you

- “I couldn’t have made it without your help” means

A I couldn’t have made it if you helped me

B I couldn’t have made it if you had helped me

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C I couldn’t have made it if you hadn’t helped me.

D I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me

- She didn’t stop her car because she didn’t see the signal

A If she saw the signal, she would stop her car

B If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car

C If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her

car

D If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car

- His flight was delayed so he couldn’t be here on time

A He would be here in time if his flight were not delayed

B He would have been here in time if his flight hadn’t been

delayed

C He would be here in time if his flight hadn’t been

delayed

D He would have been here in time if his flight weren’t

delayed

EXERCISES

A Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

1 If the earth suddenly (stop) _spinning we all (fly)

_ off it

 _

2 If you (smoke) _ in a non-smoking compartment the

other passengers (object) _ 

_

3 (your parents / not / be) _ proud if they could see you

now?

 _

4 I’m broke, but I (have) _ plenty of money now if I (not / spend) so much yesterday 

_

5 If we (work) _all right, we (finish) _ in time; but

we have no intention of doing it  _

6 If we (have) _ a submarine now, we (use) _ it to investigate the seabed 

_

7 Were he ten years younger, he (take) _ part in the voyage around the world 

_

8 Should you come late, they (not let) _ you in

 _

9 He might get rid of his cough if he (not smoke) _ so much

 _

10 If someone (give) _ you a boat what you (do) _ ?

 _

11 Water (freeze) _ if the temperature falls below zero

 _

12 I (warn) _ you if I had seen you last week

 _

13 He always says hello if he (see) _ you

 _

14 What would you do if he (resign) _ tomorrow?

 _

15 I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) _ to

me earlier

 _

16 Shout if you (see) _ anything unusually

 _

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17 The engine starts if you (turn) _ this key 

_

18 If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave)

_ him so soon after the marriage 

_

19 What (you / say) _ if I offered you a job?

 _

20 The children always (get) _frightened if they

watch horror films  _

21 If I (take) _ your advice yesterday, I (punish) _

now

22 I think it stands still If it (fall) , tell me immediately

B Complete each of the following sentences so that it

means the same as the sentence before i.t

1 She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know

anyone there

 She’d

_

_

2 I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there

 I’d

_

_

3 I don’t have a spare ticket I can’t take you to the concert

 If I

_

_

4 The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to

water them so they didn’t grow

 If the children

5 They don’t understand the problem They won’t find a solution

 If they _ _

6 He sits around too much He isn’t fit

 If he _ _

7 Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying

 If Carol

8 Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night

 Had _ _

9 She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much

 If she _ _

10 He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart

 If he _ _

11 He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car

 If he _ _

12 My house is guarded by two big dogs That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night

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 If my house

_

13 The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult

to find anyone

 If the flats

_

14 I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you

 If I

_

_

15 She works in the evening She has no time to play with

her children

 If she

_

_

16 Do the homework now Otherwise, you will be punish

 If

17 They didn’t have enough money, so they didn’t buy the

house

 Had

_

18 I advised you to take that job

 Were

19 He wasn’t paying attention, so he didn’t see the tree

 Had

_

C Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to

complete each sentence

1 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house

A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't

2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work

A wouldn't have been B would have been

3 If I _, I would express my feelings

D asked

4 If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded

A she has done B she had done C she does

D she did

5 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?

A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal

6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her

A would have been / hadn't lied B would be / didn't lie

C will be / don't lie D would be / hadn't lied

7 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to

A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised D didn't advise

9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down

A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed

10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down

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A climbed B could climb C is climbing D

climb

11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night

A had known / could have phoned B knew / would have

phoned

C know / can phone D knew / could phone

12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him

would tell

13 If you press that button what _?

A would happen B would have happened

C will happenD happen

14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she

_

A had realized / would stop B realized / could have

stopped

C has realized / stopped D had realized / would have

stopped

15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat

A stop B had stopped C will stop D

stopped

16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them

A had discovered / would inform B had discovered / would

have informed

C had discovered / could inform D discovered / can

inform

17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a

certificate last year

C had gone / would have given D went / would give

18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the

phone

C were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered

19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum

would be

20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic

A do not receive / could not sail

B had not received / might not have sailed

C did not receive / might not have sailed

D would not receive / might not sail

21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking

D can be

22 If your hair _ grey now, what you ?

A went / would / do B goes / would /do

have / done

23 If you be someone, who you ?

A could / would / have been B could / would / be

C can / will / be D are able to / will / be

24 If I an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children

been

25 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money

in that business

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

26 It if nobody had reminded them

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A would have be forgot B would have been forgot

C would have forget D would have been forget

27 The car if somebody takes it there

C will been repaired D is repair

28 You to prison if you did that

29 You would study Italian if it _ here

A was teaching B were taught C would be taught

D is taught

30 It _ if nobody reminded them

A was forgotten B would be forget C would be forgot D would forgot

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