Ôn tập hóa học trung học cơ sở

10 12 14 15 www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 s 52,00 Crom Cr [Ar]3d 5 4s 1 24 95,94 Mo [Kr]4d 5 5s 1 42 183,85 Vonfram W [Ar]4f 14 5d 5 6s 1 74 [226] Seabogi Sg [Ar]5f 14 6d 5 7s 1 106 54,94 Mangan Mn [Ar]3d 5 4s 2 25 [99] Tecneti Tc [Kr]4d 5 5s 2 43 186,2 Rheni Re [Ar]4f 14 5d 5 6s 2 75 [264] Bhori Bh [Ar]5f 14 6d 5 7s 2 107 55,85 Fe [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 26 101,07 Rhuteni Ru [Kr]4d 6 5s 2 44 190,2 Osmi Os [Ar]4f 14 5d 6 6s 2 76 [264] Hassi Hs [Ar]5f 14 6d 6 7s 2 108 58,93 Coban Co [Ar]3d 7 4s 2 27 102,91 Rh [Kr]4d 7 5s 2 45 192,2 Ir [Ar]4f 14 5d 7 6s 2 77 [268] Meitneri Mt [Ar]5f 14 6d 7 7s 2 109 58,69 Niken Ni [Ar]3d 8 4s 2 28 106,40 Pd [Kr]4d 8 5s 2 46 195,09 Plantin Pt [Ar]4f 14 5d 8 6s 2 78 [271] Ununnili Uun [Ar]5f 14 6d 8 7s 2 110 10,81 Bo B 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 5 26,98 Nhôm Al [Ne]2s 2 2p 1 13 69,72 Galli Ga [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 1 31 114,8 In [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 1 49 204,4 Tali Tl [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 1 81 113 12,01 Cacbon C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 6 28,09 Silic Si [Ne]2s 2 2p 2 14 72,61 Germani Ge [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 2 32 118,7 Sn [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 2 50 207,2 Chì Pb [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 2 82 [289] Uuq 114 14,01 N 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 7 30,97 Photpho P [Ne]2s 2 2p 3 15 74,92 Arsenic As [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 3 33 121,8 Antimon Ab [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 3 51 209,0 Bismut Bi [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 3 83 115 16,00 Oxi O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 8 32,07 S [Ne]2s 2 2p 4 16 78,96 Seleni Se [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 4 34 127,6 Telluri Te [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 4 52 [209] Poloni Po [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 4 84 116 19,00 Flo F 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 9 35,45 Clo Cl [Ne]2s 2 2p 5 17 79,90 Brom Br [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 5 35 126,9 Iot I [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 5 53 [210] Astali At [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 5 85 117 1,008 Heli He 1s 2 2 20,18 Neon Ne 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 10 39,95 Argon Ar [Ne]2s 2 2p 6 18 83,80 Krypton Kr [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 6 36 131,3 Xenon Xe [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 6 54 [222] Rn [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 6 86 118 63,55 Cu [Ar]3d 10 4s 1 29 107,87 Ag [Kr]4d 10 5s 1 47 196,97 Vàng Au [Ar]4f 14 5d 10 6s 1 79 [272] Unununi Uuu [Ar]5f 14 6d 10 7s 1 111 65,39 Zn [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 30 112,41 Cadimi Cd [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 48 200,59 Hg [Ar]4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 80 [277] Ununbi Uub [Ar]5f 14 6d 10 7s 2 112 phá phá phá phá phá 1,008 H 1s 1 1 6,94 Liti Li 1s 2 2s 1 3 22,99 Natri Na [Ne]3s 1 11 39,10 Kali K [Ar]4s 1 19 85,47 Rb [Kr]5s 1 37 132,9 Xezi Cs [Xe]6s 1 55 [223] Franxi Fr [Rn]7s 1 87 9,01 Beri Be 1s 2 2s 2 4 24,31 Magie Mg [Ne]3s 2 12 40,08 Canxi Ca [Ar]4s 2 20 87,62 Stronti Sr [Kr]5s 2 38 137,31 Bari Ba [Xe]6s 2 56 [226] Ra [Rn]7s 2 88 44,96 Sc [Ar]3d 1 4s 2 21 88,91 Yttri Y [Kr]4d 1 5s 2 39 138,9 Lantan La [Ar]5d 1 6s 2 57 [227] Actini Ac [Ar]6d 1 7s 2 89 47,87 Titan Ti [Ar]3d 2 4s 2 22 91,22 Zirconi Zr [Kr]4d 2 5s 2 40 178,5 Hafni Hf [Ar]4f 14 5d 2 6s 2 72 [261] Rf [Ar]5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 104 50,94 V [Ar]3d 3 4s 2 23 92,91 Niobi Nb [Kr]4d 3 5s 2 41 180,9 Tantal Ta [Ar]4f 14 5d 3 6s 2 73 [262] Dubni Db [Ar]5f 14 6d 3 7s 2 105 1,008 H 1s 1 1 Tên 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Cr Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H 2 Cu Hg Ag Pt Au s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Cu (I, II); Sn (II, IV); Pb (II, IV). N (I, II, III, IV, V); S (II, IV, VI). 3 , NH 4 . 4 , SO 3 , CO 3 . 4 . x B y VD: 2 3 . OXIT M x O y AXIT H n X B(OH) m B n X m Oxit bazơ Oxit axit Axit Axit Bazơ tan Bazơ không tan axit CaO Fe 2 O 3 CO 2 SO 2 H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4 HCl HNO 3 NaOH Ba(OH) 2 Cu(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 2 NaHCO 3 KHSO 4 Na 2 SO 4 K 2 CO 3 Ghi chú: – M X B 4 . 2 O 3 , ZnO, PbO); oxit trung tính (NO, CO, N 2 O). 3 , H 2 SO 4 ) và axit không có oxi (HCl, HF). s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 OXIT AXIT AXIT 2 O + bazơ axit + H 2 O + + H 2 O (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) QUÌ TÍM AXIT 2 O 2 oxit bazơ (6) (7) (8) (9) QUÌ TÍM XANH P.P ko màu 2 O OXIT + H 2 O (bazơ tan) t o (bazơ ko tan) + oxit axit + axit (10) (11) (12) (13) + axit + bazơ (14) (15) (16) (17) (1) SO 3 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 (2) CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 (3) CaO + CO 2 CaCO 3 (4) CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 (dư) CaCO 3 + H 2 O (5) CuO + HCl CuCl 2 + H 2 O (6) Fe + 2HCl FeCl 2 + H 2 (7) HCl + AgNO 3 AgCl + HNO 3 (8) HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O (9) H 2 SO 4 + FeO FeSO 4 + H 2 O (10) Ca(OH) 2 + Na 2 CO 3 CaCO 3 + 2NaOH (11) Cu(OH) 2 CuO + H 2 O (12) Ba(OH) 2 + SO 2 BaSO 3 + H 2 O (13) Fe(OH) 3 + 3HCl FeCl 3 + 3H 2 O (14) Fe + CuSO 4 Cu + FeSO 4 (15) MgCl 2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH) 2 + 2NaCl (16) BaCl 2 + Na 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 + 2NaCl (17) Na 2 CO 3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O o t s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 1 (A) Na, Ca, H. (B) Ag, Mg, Cu. (C) Na, K, Cu. (D) K, Ag, H. 2 (A) Cu. (B) C. (C) Fe. (D) Al. 3 (A) NO 3 . (B) SO 4 . (C) PO 4 . (D) OH. 4 (A) Zn 2 Cl. (B) ZnCl. (C) ZnCl 2 . (D) ZnCl 3 . 5 (A) CuOH. (B) Cu 2 OH. (C) Cu(OH) 2 . (D) Cu(OH) 3 . 6 2 (SO 4 ) 3 là (A) II. (B) I. (C) III. (D) IV. 7 không đúng? (A) K 2 O. (B) AlSO 4 . (B) KBr. (D) Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . 8 không đúng? (A) MgSO 4 . (B) KCO 3 . (C) NaCl. (D) Al 2 O 3 . 9 (A) Cu(OH) 2 . (B) HNO 3 . (C) MgO. (D) Na 2 SO 4 . TOPPER. Chú ý 2 O, K 2 O, CaO, BaO. 2 O 3 không 2 SO 4 3 , H 2 SO 4 2 . s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 A 4 , HCl, CO 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , HNO 3 , CuO, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , KHSO 4 , P 2 O 5 OXIT AXIT OXIT AXIT OXIT BAZƠ B (1) CaO + SO 2 (2) CO 2 + NaOH (dư) (3) MgO + HCl (4) K 2 O + H 2 O (5) SO 2 + H 2 O (6) Fe + H 2 SO 4 (7) Fe(OH) 2 + HCl (8) Mg + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (9) HCl + Na 2 CO 3 (10) KOH + Mg(NO 3 ) 2 C (a) Ca CaO Ca(OH) 2 CaCO 3 . (b) C CO 2 Na 2 CO 3 NaCl. D (a) S SO 2 SO 3 H 2 SO 4 SO 2 H 2 SO 3 Na 2 SO 3 SO 2 Na 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 Na 2 SO 3 (b) Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Fe(OH) 3 FeCl 3 Fe 2 O 3 (1) (2) (3) (5) (7) (8) (9) (6) (10) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 + axit + O 2 + phi kim (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 OXIT PHI KIM OXIT AXIT + H 2 + O 2 K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb (H) Cu Hg Ag Pt Au 2 SO 4 2 . m n M V n 22, 4 M .V – C M VD: 2 2,24 0, 04 (mol). 56 2,24 0,1 (mol). 22, 4 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 M M n C = V VD: 4 4 4 : 4 CuSO 16 n 0,1 (mol). 160 M 0,1 C 0,5 (mol/l) hoÆc M. 0, 2 0,5 ct dd m C % = .100 % m – m ct – m dd – m dd = m dung môi + m ct . VD: dd = 15 + 45 = 60 (gam). 15 C % = .100 % %. 60 25 cC + dD A + m B = m C + m D VD: a. PTPƯ: Mg + O 2 MgO o t 2 Mg O MgO m m m 2 O m 15 9 6 (gam). s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 E (A) Mg. (B) Cu. (C) Al. (D) Fe. F không (A) Zn và HCl. (B) Fe và CuSO 4 . (C) Cu và HCl. (D) Zn và Pb(NO 3 ) 2 . G không (A) Fe + HCl (B) P + O 2 (C) Fe + Cl 2 (D) Cu + H 2 O H o t o t Al 2 S 3 Al Al 2 O 3 AlCl 3 Al(OH) 3 Al 2 O 3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) I (a) 1,2 gam magie. (b) 3,36 lít khí CO 2 J khí H 2 2 sinh ra. K L (a) Fe FeCl 3 Fe(OH) 3 Fe 2 O 3 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 FeCl 2 Fe(OH) 2 FeSO 4 Fe (b) C CO 2 CaCO 3 CaO Ca(OH) 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) M 2 4 %. 4 0,1 M. s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD1: 2 b. Tính V? c. Tính a? a. PTPƯ: Fe +2HCl FeCl 2 + H 2 b. – Theo PTPƯ ta có: 2 2,24 (lít). c. – Theo PTPƯ ta có: n HCl = 2n Fe = 0,2 (mol). Fe 5,6 n 0,1 (mol). 56 2 H Fe n n 0,1 (mol). 0, 2 a M. 0, 2 1 N 2 b. Tính V. o . Mg(NO 3 ) 2 + Cu (9) 2HCl + Na 2 CO 3 2NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O (10) 2KOH + Mg(NO 3 ) 2 2KNO 3 + Mg(OH) 2 C (a) 2Ca + O 2 2CaO CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 2 CaCO 3 + H 2 O (b) C + O 2 . (b) (1) C + O 2 CO 2 (2) CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 dư CaCO 3 + H 2 O (3) CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 (4) CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 (5) Ca(OH) 2 + 2CO 2 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 0 t M (a) m = 131,625 gam. (b) m = 2 gam. (c) m. axit (10) (11) (12) (13) + axit + bazơ (14) (15) (16) (17) (1) SO 3 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 (2) CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 (3) CaO + CO 2 CaCO 3 (4) CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 (dư) CaCO 3 + H 2 O (5) CuO + HCl CuCl 2