Industrial Dyes (Chemistry Properties Applications)

[...]... Mordant Dyes 431 Tanning Agents 431 Dyewood 432 Synthetic Mordant Dyes 433 Basic Dyes 433 Azine Dyes 433 Other Cationic (Basic) Dyes 434 Acid Dyes 434 Amphoteric Dyes 435 Anthraquinone D yes 435 Low-Molecular Azo Dyes 436 Resorcinol Azo Dyes 437 Azo Metal-Complex D yes 437 Direct D yes 439 Condensation Dyes 439 Polyazo Dyes 440 Phthalocyanine Dyes 440 Sulfur Dyes 441 Reactive Dyes 442 Solvent Dyes 443... Hemicyanine Dyes 255 Higher Vinylogues of Hemicyanine Dyes 260 Phenylogous Hemicyanine Dyes 261 Cyanine Dyes 268 Synthesis 271 Examples of Commercially Available Dyes 272 References 273 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.9.2.1 3.9.2.2 3.9.2.3 3.9.3 3.9.4 Acid Dyes (Anionic Azo Dyes) 276 Introduction 276 Chemical Constitution and Synthesis 277 Wool Dyes 278 Polyamide Dyes 289 Silk Dyes 291 Examples of Commercially Available Dyes. .. 5.7.10 Photographic Dyes 509 Cyanine Dyes 509 Introduction 509 Fundamental Aspects 509 Application of Sensitizing D yes 511 Production of Sensitizing Dyes 512 Cyanine Dyes as Sensitizers 512 Merocyanine Dyes 515 Oxonol Dyes 516 Azomethine and Indoaniline Image Dyes 516 Introduction 516 Color Developers 517 Yellow Azomethine Dyes 517 Magenta Azomethine Dyes 518 Cyan Indoaniline Dyes 518 Azo Dyes 519 Diffusion-Transfer... 3.10.3 3.10.4 Solvent Dyes 295 Introduction 295 Chemical Constitution and Application Properties Alcohol- and Ester-Soluble Dyes 295 Fat- and Oil-Soluble Dyes 297 Dyes Soluble in Polymers 298 Solvent Dyes for Other Applications 299 Examples of Commercially Available Dyes 300 References 301 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.2.1 3.11.2.2 3.11.2.3 3.11.2.4 3.11.2.5 3.11.2.6 3.11.3 Metal-Complex Dyes 302 Introduction... Cationic (Basic) Dyes 470 Sulfur Dyes 471 Organic Pigments 472 Special Requirements for Paper Dyes References 472 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.3.1 5.4.3.2 5.4.3.3 5.4.3.4 5.4.3.5 5.4.3.6 5.4.3.7 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 Hair Dyes 473 Bleaching 473 Dyeing with Oxidation Dyes 475 Dye Classes 479 Direct D yes 479 Nitro Dyes 479 Cationic (Basic) Dyes (see Sections 3.7 and 3.8) Anionic (Acid) Dyes (see Section... Fibers 379 Pigments and Mineral Dyes on Cellulose 380 4.10 4.10.1 4.10.2 4.10.3 4.10.4 4.10.4.1 4.10.4.2 Acid and Metal-Complex Dyes on Wool and Silk Principles of Dyeing of Wool and Silk 381 Acid Dyes on Wool 382 Chrome Dyes on Wool 384 Metal-Complex Dyes on Wool 385 1:1 Metal-Complex Dyes 385 1:2 Metal-Complex Dyes 386 4.11 4.11.1 4.11.2 4.11.3 4.11.3.1 Acid and Metal-Complex Dyes on Polyamide 386 Chemical... state of industrial dye chemistry can only be extracted from the patent literature There is little else being published on dyes, especially on industrial dyes and their applications This prompted us to write a reference book comprising the principal classes of industrially produced dyes with their syntheses, properties and main applications as well as a toxicological, ecological and legal survey of dyes. .. Sulfur Dyes 215 Introduction 215 Chemical Constitution 216 Synthesis 216 Sulfur and Polysulfide Bake or Dry Fusion 216 Polysulfide Melt, Solvent Reflux, or Reflux Thionation Process Indophenols 219 Modifications; Commercial Forms; Types of Sulfur Dyes 223 C.I Sulphur Dyes 224 C.I Leuco Sulphur Dyes 224 C.I Solubilised Sulphur Dyes (Bunte Salts, S-Aryl Thiosulfate Dyes) 224 Pseudo (Synthetic) Sulfur Dyes. .. Azo (Naphtol AS) Dyes on Cellulosic Fibers 375 Application of Azo Dyes 375 Dyeing Processes on Cellulosic Fibers 376 Printing with Azo (Naphtol A S) Dyes on Cellulosic Fibers 377 4.9 4.9.1 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 4.9.5 4.9.6 4.9.7 Dyeing Cellulosic Fibers with Other Dye Classes 377 Mordant Dyes on Cellulosic Fibers 377 Acid Dyes on Plant Fibers 378 Basic Dyes on Cellulose 378 Oxidation Dyes on Cellulosic... Vegetable Dyes 451 Oxidation Bases 452 Disperse Dyes 453 Acid and Direct D yes 454 Metal-Complex Dyes 456 451 XV XVI Contents 5.2.2.8 5.2.3 Other Synthetic Dyes References 458 457 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.3.1 5.3.3.2 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8 5.3.9 Paper D yes 459 Introduction 459 Classification of Paper Dyes 460 Direct D yes 460 Anionic Direct Dyes 461 Cationic Direct D yes 466 Acid Dyes 469 Cationic . 161 3.3.3.1 Monoazo Dyes 161 3.3.3.2 Disazo Dyes 162 3.3.3.3 Trisazo Dyes 164 3.3.3.4 Tetrakisazo Dyes 165 3.3.4 Synthesis 168 3.3.4.1 Monoazo Dyes 168 3.3.4.2 Disazo Dyes 169 3.3.4.3 Trisazo Dyes 170 3.3.4.4. Triphenodioxazine Dyes 120 3.1.3.5 Formazan Dyes 122 3.1.3.6 Phthalocyanine Dyes 122 3.1.4 Synthesis 123 3.1.5 Examples of Commercially Available Dyes 129 3.1.5.1 Azo Dyes 129 3.1.5.2 Metal Complex Azo Dyes. Mono-Anchor Dyes 114 3.1.2.2 Double-Anchor Dyes 117 3.1.2.3 Multiple-Anchor Dyes 118 3.1.3 Dye Classes (Chromogens) for Reactive Dyes 118 3.1.3.1 Azo Dyes 119 3.1.3.2 Metal-Complex Azo Dyes 119 3.1.3.3