English Grammar Written by Nguyen Dang Tung 1 ADJECTIVES ENDING ‘-ING’ AND ‘-ED’ 1. PHÂN BIỆT Trong tiếng Anh, có nhiều tính từ xuất phát từ động từ và tận cùng bằng ‘ing’ hoặc ‘ed’. Tuy nhiên, 2 loại tính từ này có ý nghĩa rất khác nhau. a. Present Participial Adjective ‘ing’ Jane has been doing the same job for a very long time. Every day she does exactly the same thing again and again. She doesn’t enjoy it any more and would like to do something different. (Jane đã và đang làm cùng một công việc trong một thời gian dài. Mỗi ngày cô ấy cứ làm đi làm lại chỉ cùng một công việc đó. Cô ấy không thích công việc đó nữa và muốn làm một việc gì đó khác hơn) Jane’s job is boring. (Công việc của Jane thật nhàm chán – tính chất công việc) Tính từ tận cùng bằng ‘ing’ dùng để chỉ bản chất, tính chất của sự vật, sự việc, hành động, có nghĩa tác động (lên đối tượng khác). Động từ gốc thường là nội động từ (không có tân ngữ) và thời của động từ là thời tiếp diễn. The flower were blooming in the meadow. They created a rainbow of colors. (Những bông hoa đang nở rộ trên đồng cỏ. Chúng tạo nên một dải cầu vồng đầy màu sắc) The blooming flowers in the meadow created a rainbow of colors. The crying baby woke Mr. Brown. Tính từ tận cùng bằng ‘ing’ cũng thường được dùng khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa thực hiện hoặc chịu trách nhiệm về hành động. b. Past Participial Adjective ‘ed’ Jane is bored with her job . (Jane đang chán nản với công việc của mình) Công việc làm cho Jane chán nản I am tired of doing homework. Việc làm bài tập tác động làm cho tôi mệt mỏi. Tính từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ mang ý nghĩa bị tác động hay bị động (dùng khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là đối tượng nhận sự tác động của hành động). The mails had been sorted. They were delivered to the offices before noon. English Grammar Written by Nguyen Dang Tung 2 (Những bức thư đã được phân loại. Chúng được gửi đến văn phòng trước buổi trưa) The sorted mail was delivered to the offices before noon. Frozen food is often easier to prepare than fresh food. (Đồ ăn đã được làm đông lạnh dễ chuẩn bị hơn đồ ăn tươi) 2. MỘT SỐ TÍNH TỪ THƯỜNG DÙNG alarming alarmed frustrating frustrated amazing amazed astounding astounded amusing amused interesting interested annoying annoyed pleasing pleased astonishing astonished relaxing relaxed boring bored satisfying satisfied concerning concerned shocking shocked confusing confused stunning stunned embarrassing embarrassed surprising surprised encouraging encouraged terrifying terrified energizing energized tiring tired entertaining entertained fascinating fascinated exciting excited disappointing disappointed exhausting exhausted worrying worried frightening frightened exhausting exhausted surprising surprised exciting excited shocking shocked disgusting disgusted English Grammar Written by Nguyen Dang Tung 3 EXERCISES 1. Chọn dạng đúng của tính từ 1. My bath was_________. I feel _________now. (RELAX) 2. Joe is _________ because he had a _________day. (TIRE) 3. How to get the cheese was _________. The mouse was _________. (CONFUSE) 4. So much homework was _________. The student felt _________. (OVERWHELM) 5. Your jokes are _________. I am _________. (AMUSE) 6. I was so _________by the movie. The scenes in the movie were _________. (TOUCH) 7. The TV program was _________. I felt _________while watching it. (BORE) 8. My angry father's words were _________. I felt_________. (UPSET) 9. The nurse's big needle was _________. I felt _________when she walked over to me! (FRIGHTEN) 10. Ted forgot to close his zipper. It was _________. Ted felt _________. (EMBARRASS) 11. Getting hit in the behind with an arrow was _________. Lancelot felt _________. (HUMILIATE) 12. My alarm clock wouldn't stop ringing. I was _________. The sound was _________. (ANNOY) 13. I was _________after reading the _________news headlines. (ALARM) 14. The movie, King Kong, was _________. The children who were watching it were ______. (TERRIFY) 15. I felt _________ after getting a _________ massage. (PLEASE) 16. Michael Phelps was _________. Michael Phelps' Olympic win was _________. (EXCITE) 17. I was _________. The painting called" Mona Piggy" was _________. (INTRIGUE) 18. He heard a strange sound and was _________. The strange sound was _________. (CONCERN) 19. Her weight loss from the diet was _________. She was _________. (ENCOURAGE) 20. The taste was _________. I was _________. (SATISFY) 21. Hi, Jane. Have you had an _____ day? (INTEREST) 22. I've had a very _____ day. It's my birthday today. (EXCITE) 23. I'm a little _____ . I thought your birthday was next month. (CONFUSE) 24. Oh! Now I'm _____. I didn't get you a present. (EMBARRASS) 25. That's _____ .But it's OK. (DISAPPOINT) 26. Now I'm _____ , too. (DEPRESS) English Grammar Written by Nguyen Dang Tung 4 27. Hey, I've just had a _____ idea. (FASCINATE) 28. Why don't we go shopping and get you a present right now? That way we can get you something really _____ . (PLEASE) 29. What an _____ idea. Where shall we start? (ENCHANT) 30. Hi, Mark. You look _____. (TIRE) 2. Gạch chân tính từ thích hợp 1. He's such a monotonous speaker. I was ________________ stiff. (bored / boring) 2. Most sequels are ________________. (disappointed / disappointing) 3. I had such a ________________ day I went straight to bed. (tired / tiring) 4. Everyone's very ________________ about the news. (excited / exciting) 5. That lamp produces a very ________________ effect. (pleased / pleasing) 6. The whole school was ________________ by the tragic event. (saddened / saddening) 7. I don't like watching ________________ films on my own. (depressed / depressing) 8. I was ________________ when she told me she'd got divorced. (amazed / amazing) 9. He's such a ________________ guy. He only ever talks about himself. (bored / boring) 10. I'm very ________________ in films and theatre. (interested / interesting) 11. No one knew what would happen next. We were all ________________. (intrigued/ intriguing) 12. It was a very ________________ situation. (interested / interesting) 13. There's been some very ________________ news. (surprised / surprising) 14. His mother was ________________ by what she found under his bed. (disgusted/ disgusting) 15. Their hamburgers are ________________. (disgusted / disgusting) 16. Dad always arrives home from work thoroughly ________________. (exhausted/ exhausting) 17. He's always showing off. It's really ________________. (annoyed / annoying) 18. I think Alex is one of the most ________________ people I've ever met. He can't keep still for a second. (annoyed / annoying) 19. I walked into this restaurant and there was Andy with a strange woman. He seemed really ________________. (embarrassed / embarrassing) 20. She kept talking about her boyfriend problems all night. It was rather ________________ . (embarrassed / embarrassing) . ENDING ‘-ING’ AND ‘-ED’ 1. PHÂN BIỆT Trong tiếng Anh, có nhiều tính từ xuất phát từ động từ và tận cùng bằng ‘ing’ hoặc ‘ed’. Tuy nhiên, 2 loại tính từ này có ý nghĩa rất khác nhau. a. Present. – tính chất công việc) Tính từ tận cùng bằng ‘ing’ dùng để chỉ bản chất, tính chất của sự vật, sự việc, hành động, có nghĩa tác động (lên đối tượng khác). Động từ gốc thường là nội động từ. meadow created a rainbow of colors. The crying baby woke Mr. Brown. Tính từ tận cùng bằng ‘ing’ cũng thường được dùng khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa thực hiện hoặc chịu trách nhiệm về hành động.