Insight Report Insight Report The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 Fostering Prosperity and Regional Integration Through Travel and Tourism © 2012 World Economic Forum © 2012 World Economic Forum Insight Report The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 Fostering Prosperity and Regional Integration Through Travel and Tourism © 2012 World Economic Forum The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 is published by the World Economic within the framework of the Global Competitiveness Network. Professor Klaus Schwab Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum Børge Brende Managing Director, Government Relations and Constituents Engagement, World Economic Forum PROJECT MANAGER Thierry Geiger Associate Director, Economist, Global Competitiveness Network, World Economic Forum GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS NETWORK Jennifer Blanke, Senior Director, Lead Economist, Head of the Global Competitiveness Network Beñat Bilbao-Osorio, Associate Director, Economist Ciara Browne, Associate Director Roberto Crotti, Junior Quantitative Economist Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Director, Senior Economist Tania Gutknecht, Community Manager Caroline Ko, Junior Economist Cécilia Serin, Team Coordinator World Economic Forum Geneva Copyright © 2012 by the World Economic Forum Published by World Economic Forum www.weforum.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum. ISBN-10: 92-95044-39-8 ISBN-13: 978-92-95044-39-5 Printed and bound in Thailand. For additional information and material related to this publication and other research of the Global Competitiveness Network, please visit www.weforum.org/ issues/regional-competitiveness We thank Gilly Nadel for her excellent editing work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout. The terms country and nation as used in this Report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. © 2012 World Economic Forum The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | iii Preface v Executive Summary vii Fulfilling the Promises of Travel and 1 Tourism in ASEAN Measuring Travel and 2 Tourism Competitiveness Performance of ASEAN Countries 4 in the TTCI 2011 Pillar 1: Policies and regulations 10 Pillar 2: Environmental sustainability 11 Pillar 3: Safety and security 13 Pillar 4: Health and hygiene is missinge 14 Pillar 5: Prioritization of travel and tourism 15 Pillars 6–7: Air and ground transportation and connectivity 15 Pillar 8: Tourism infrastructure 18 Pillar 9: ICT infrastructure 18 Pillar 10: Price competitiveness 19 Pillar 11: Human resources 19 Pillar 12: Affinity for travel and tourism 20 Pillar 13: Natural resources 20 Pillar 14: Cultural resources 22 Conclusion 23 Notes 24 References 25 Appendix A: ASEAN scorecard 27 Ap p e ndix B: List of indicators 31 with short descriptions and sources Contents © 2012 World Economic Forum © 2012 World Economic Forum The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | v Preface BØRGE BRENDE Managing Director, Government Relations and Constituents Engagement, World Economic Forum Ove r rec ent d ec ade s, the tr avel an d touri sm (T&T ) sec tor has i ncre as ing ly b ec ome a n imp ort ant dr ive r of economic prosperity and social progress. It stimulates grow th thro ug h jobs a nd e nter pri se cr eatio n, and provid e s sig nif ic an t forei gn excha ng e revenu es fo r many c oun trie s. T he se ctor ge ne rates o ppo r tu niti es fo r redu cin g povert y a nd i neq ua lit y, pre se r v ing n atura l an d cul tura l he rit age, an d up grad ing i nfra str uctu re. With th is in m ind, the Wor ld Eco nom ic For um rele as ed fo r the f irs t time i n 2007 the Travel and Tour ism Com peti ven es s Ind ex ( TTCI) in ord er to as se ss th e obst acl es a nd dr ive rs of T&T devel opm en t. The f ind ing s have be en p rese nted in fo ur e diti ons of T he Travel an d Tour ism Competiti veness Rep or t. T he pre se nt Report ana ly ze s in det ail th e pe r for ma nc e of eig ht co untr ie s of the As so ciati on of So uthe as t Asi an N atio n (ASE A N) in the mo st rec en t T TCI. By 2015, ASE A N me mb er c ountr ie s ai m to esta bli sh the ASEA N Co mmu nit y ( AC), a sec ur it y, eco no mic, an d soc io- cu ltur al co mm uni t y of over 60 0 m illi on p eop le, whi ch w ill ac co unt for n ea rl y 5 pe rce nt of worl d GD P. In its mo re than fo ur d ec ade s of exis tenc e, des pite so me del ays an d setba cks, pro gre ss towards i ntegrati on ha s be en si gn if ica nt. ASE A N le ade rs h ave long re co gn ized the vi tal ro le T&T can p lay in re al isi ng the ir a mbi tion s. Ind ee d, the potentia l for d evelo pin g the T&T sec tor in the AS E AN re gi on is e no rmo us. T he re gio n is ble ss ed w ith a wea lth of na tura l and c ultu ral h er it age. It pos se sse s a lo ng trad itio n of touri sm, an d is strate gic all y loc ated at the h ea r t of As ia, th e wor ld’s mos t ec ono mic al ly d yna mi c regi on. T he ex trao rdin ary d ive rs it y of ASE A N cou ntri es, w hil e pos ing s ome c ha lle ng es to integr ation, f ur th er e nh anc e s thei r at trac tiven es s. Th is Report ass es se s the str eng ths tha t ca n be leve rag ed and th e obs tac le s that mu st be a ddre ss ed for A SE A N ful ly to rea p the be ne fi ts of T&T. Th e rel eas e of this Report coinc id es w ith the Sum mit o n Travel, Trad e & Touri sm, orga ni zed in th e lea d-up to the Worl d Eco nom ic For um o n Eas t Asi a 2012, th e overa rchi ng the me of w hic h—“Shapi ng the Reg ion’s Future thro ugh C on ne ctiv it y ”—will s urel y reso nate for th e T&T sector. We h ope th at this Report and th e sub se que nt di scu ss ion s wil l infor m the d ec isi ons of ASE A N’s poli cym aker s an d provi de a va lua ble too l in achieving their vision. I would l ike to thank th e auth or of thi s Report, Th ier ry G ei ger, for hi s en erg y and c om mitm ent to prod uci ng thi s stud y. I would a lso l ike to expres s my gratitu de to Je nni fer B la nke, The a Ch ie sa, a nd Marg aret a Dr ze nie k Ha nou z for the ir g uid an ce, as wel l as to the othe r mem be rs of th e Com peti tive ne ss a nd Aviatio n, Trave l, and Tour ism Team s. I am al so gr ateful to Sushant Palakurthi Rao for suppor ting this project and other c omp etiti ven es s-re lated re se arch a nd o utre ach acti viti es i n As ia. Fi nal ly, I woul d like to exten d my sin ce re grati tude to the Partn er C om pan ie s of the Aviati on, Travel, and Touris m Ind ustry Pa r tn er shi p Progr am me, as wel l as ou r net wor k of 150 Par tn er In stitu tes, wh ose suppor t and commitment make this work possible. © 2012 World Economic Forum © 2012 World Economic Forum The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | vii Executive Summary THIERRY GEIGER World Economic Forum Th e travel an d touri sm (T&T ) se ctor h as be co me a n imp or t ant d ri ver of grow th a nd p rosp er it y for m any cou ntri es. It i s esti mated th at the T&T sec tor acco unts for ab out 9 p erc ent of G DP a nd e mpl oyme nt wor ld wid e. Yet, d es pite its e co nom ic wei ght a nd the m any b en efi ts it prov ide s, num ero us ob stac le s hin de r its d evelo pme nt, inc ludi ng in c ou ntri es of the A ss oci atio n of Sou the ast Asi an N ation s (ASEA N). Using a un iqu e meth odo log ic al fra mewor k, thi s Report stud ie s thos e obs tacl es, a s well a s the e nab le rs of d evelo pme nt for e ig ht ASE A N mem be r co untr ie s and th e reg ion. By 2015, ASE A N me mb er c ountr ie s ai m to esta bli sh the ASEA N Co mmu nit y ( AC), a sec ur it y, eco no mic, an d soc io- cu ltur al co mm uni t y of over 60 0 m illi on p eop le that sh oul d by then a cc ount fo r alm ost 5 p erc ent of worl d GDP. ASE A N le ade rs h ave long re co gn ized the vi tal ro le T&T can p lay in re al izin g the ir vi sio n. Th ey have be en jo in ing forc es to add res s T&T-related iss ue s, whi ch gre atl y be nef it f rom re gio nal c oo pe ratio n, suc h as pro motio n and m ar keting, co nne cti vi t y, envi ronm en tal p rotectio n, vis a pol ici es a nd mo bil it y, and sec tor lib era liz atio n. The AS E AN m em be rs h ave bee n suc ce ssf ul i n sever al as pe cts, bu t al so exp er ie nc ed setbac ks an d are s till fa cin g maj or ch al len ge s, as thi s stud y s hows. Th e potentia l for deve lo pin g the T&T sector i s enormous. The Southeast Asia region has many ass ets to lure the v is itor. It boasts s ome of th e worl d’s most s pe cta cul ar l and sc ap es a nd at trac tion s, vast ec osystem s with s tunn ing w ild life, a nd ri ch c ultu re and history. It p oss es se s a lo ng trad itio n of touris m, and i s strategi ca ll y loc ated in th e he ar t of A sia , the wor ld’s mo st ec ono mic al ly d yna mi c regi on. T he ex trao rdin ary d ive rs it y of ASE A N cou ntri es, w hil e pos ing s ome c ha lle ng es to integr ation, f ur th er e nh anc e s the at trac tive ne ss of the regi on, wh ich offe rs c om ple me nta r y tour is m expe ri en ce s and a pp ea ls to visi tors of al l t yp es. Th e T&T sector pl ays an im portant ro le in th e overa ll ASE A N ec ono my. It is es timated to ac cou nt for 4.6 perc en t of ASE A N GDP a nd 10.9 perc en t whe n ta ki ng into acco unt a ll in dire ct c ontr ibu tion s. It dire ctl y em ploys 9.3 millio n pe op le, or 3.2 pe rce nt of total em ploy me nt, and i ndi rec tly su ppo r ts s ome 25 mill ion j obs. T he ana lys is, howeve r, reveals a very mixed p ic ture in ter ms of the touri sm p erfo rma nc es of in di vid ua l ASE A N cou ntri es. S ing apo re, for exam ple, dr aws 20 time s more tour ists p er c ap ita a nd 3 0 time s mo re rec ei pts per c ap ita th an th e ASE A N avera ge. Ma laysi a is on e of the wor ld’s top 10 de stin ation s, with a bou t 25 milli on vis itors p er ye ar, whil e the Ph ili ppi ne s, des pi te its muc h larg er p opu latio n, at tracts s ix tim es fe wer. The Travel an d Touris m Com peti ven es s Ind ex ( TTCI) sheds s om e lig ht on the f actors u nd er pin nin g suc h mi xed res ults. Measur ing travel and tourism competitiveness Devel op ed by the Wor ld Eco nom ic For um i n col lab orati on w ith exp erts f rom th e se ctor, the T TCI is a com pre he nsi ve fra mewo rk tha t aim s to measu re the factor s an d pol ic ies t hat ma ke it at tra ctive to deve lop the T&T sector in d iffer ent c ountr ie s. It is b ase d on th ree broad c atego ri es of va ria bl es th at fac ilit ate or dr ive T&T com peti tive ne ss. T he se cate gor ie s are s umm ar ized i n the thre e su bin dexes of the I ndex: (i ) the T&T regu latory fra mewor k su bin dex; (ii ) the T&T bus ine ss e nvi ronm ent and i nfra str uctu re su bin dex; an d (iii ) the T&T hum an, cul tura l, and natu ral r eso urc es s ubi ndex. T he f ir st sub ind ex captu res th ose e le me nts that a re po licy re lated and g en era ll y und er th e purvie w of the gover nm ent; the sec on d sub ind ex ca ptures e le me nts of the b usi ne ss envi ronm en t and th e “ha rd” inf ra stru ctu re of eac h ec ono my; and th e third s ubi ndex c aptur es th e “sof ter” hum an, cul tura l, and n atura l el em ents of e ach c ou ntr y’s resource endowments. Eac h of thes e thre e sub ind exes is c omp ose d of a num be r of “pill ar s”. There are 14 pill ar s in total: (1) Policy rules and regulations; (2) Environmental sustainability; (3) Safet y and s ec ur it y; (4) He alth a nd hygi en e; (5) Prio ri tiza tion of Travel & Touris m; (6) Air tra nsp ort infr astr uc ture; (7) G roun d tran spo r t inf ra stru ctu re; (8) Tourism i nfra str uctu re; (9) ICT infras tru cture; (10) Pric e co mp etitive ne ss i n the T&T indu stry; (11) Huma n reso urc es; (12) Aff in it y for Travel & Touri sm ; (13) Natu ra l reso urc es; and (14) Cultu ral re sou rce s. Eac h of the p ill a r s is, in tu r n, mad e up of a n um be r of indi v id ua l i nd ic ators, of w hi ch th e re a re 75 in all. The data set i nc lu d e s both da ta f rom th e Worl d Eco n om ic Foru m’s annu a l Execu ti ve Op in i on S urvey and q ua nti tati ve data from publicly available sources, international orga ni z atio ns, a nd T&T insti tu tio ns a nd ex p e rts. Th e fourth e diti on of the TTCI was publ ish ed i n The Travel and Tourism Competitivene ss Report 2011 a nd cover s a rec ord 139 co untr ie s. Sw it zer lan d tops the T TCI ran ki ngs fo r the thi rd edi tion i n a row, foll owed by Germany and France. ASEA N pe r fo r ma nce i n th e T TCI Th roug h the le ns of the TTCI, we identi f y the s tren gths that ca n be l evera ge d and th e ob stac le s that mu st be addre s sed fo r ASE A N fu lly to rea p the b en ef its of T&T. Th e ass es sm ent reve al s ASE A N me mb er co untr ie s in © 2012 World Economic Forum viii | The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 the TTCI 2011 draws a ver y mi xed pic ture of the r egi on. Sin gap ore (10th), Mal aysi a (35th), Tha ila nd (41st), Brune i Dar us sa la m (67th), Ind one si a (74th), Vi etnam (8 0 th), the Phil ipp ine s (94th), and Ca mb odi a (10 9th) spa n al mos t the entir e ran ki ngs of 139 e con omi es. D ue to lim ited da ta availa bil it y, L ao PDR a nd Mya nma r are exclu de d fro m the an al ysi s. With o nl y thre e cou ntri es fe ature d in th e top 50 of the TTCI, the T&T sector in AS E AN u nd oubted ly fac e s a num be r of cha lle ng es. Yet, one mus t rec ogn ize that there ex ists a c los e rel ation shi p bet we en p erfo rm anc e in the TTCI and p rosp er it y, an d the ra nk ing s co ntinu e to be led by ad van ce d ec ono mie s, of wh ich g roup S ing ap ore is the o nly re pre se ntati ve amo ng ASEA N me mb er s. Th is is exp lai ne d by the fac t that ad vanc ed e co nom ie s, on averag e, fare si gni f ica ntl y bet ter in m ost a rea s of the T TCI, incl udi ng ha rd and s of t inf ra stru ctu res, re gul ator y fra mewor k, se cu ri t y, and pu bli c he alth. T he se fac tors benefit all sectors, boosting productivit y and economic devel opm en t. In other word s, adva nce d ec on omi es h ad to have these f actors i n pla ce in o rde r to atta in th eir “advanc ed s tatus” In T&T. At 35th, Malaysi a is ac tua lly th e top-ra nked devel opi ng co untry ove ral l and, se e n in thi s lig ht, its perform an ce c an be q ua lif ie d as s trong. In de ed, all seven AS E AN m em be rs fe ature a mo ng the 10 b es t devel opi ng e con omi es i n As ia, al ong si de Ch ina (39 th), Indi a (68th), and Sri L a nk a (81st). N epa l, Paki sta n, Bangladesh, and T imor-Leste all place behind Cambodia, ASE AN’s worst performer. As for Singapore, it is th e be st-per fo rmi ng ad vanc ed e co no my outs ide Europe a nd N or th A m er ica . It le ads th e Asi an T ig er s, ahe ad of Ho ng Kong (12th), Ko rea (32nd), and Taiwan, Chi na (37th). It al so pre ce de s Aus tral ia (13th), New Zeal an d (19 th), and J apa n (22nd). Th e ana lys is of of the ir p erfor ma nc es i n the T TCI all ows us to cla ssi f y AS E AN m em be r co untr ie s into four gro ups. S ing apo re is in a l ea gue of i ts own, le adin g ASE A N in al l bu t two p ill ar s of the T TCI. Sec ond, Ma lays ia a nd Th ai lan d do we ll, de spi te a few weak ne ss es. T he th ird gro up co nsi sts of Vie tnam, In don es ia, a nd B ru nei D ar us sa lam, whi ch a ll dis pl ay ver y w id e perform an ce swi ngs. Fina ll y, both the Phi lipp in es a nd Ca mbo dia present serious shortcomings in most pillars. De spi te the dive rs e pe r for ma nc es, th ere exi st com mon s tren gths a nd we ak ne ss es th roug hou t the re gio n. Most AS E AN c ou ntri es a re ble s sed w ith ex traord ina r y n atura l an d cul tura l he rit age s, wh ich obvi ous ly prov ide fe r ti le gro und fo r T&T develo pme nt. It mus t be noted th at the se co untr ie s co uld d o more to showc ase a nd p res erve th eir h er it age. T he com peti tive ne ss of the s ec tor, however, does not nec e ss ar ily h ing e on na tura l and c ultu ral h er it age— Sin gap ore a nd Ca mbo dia b ei ng t wo ex trem e exam ple s. Gover nm ent p ri ori tiz ation of T&T is an other stren gth s hare d by mos t ASE A N co untr ie s. Con crete acti ons, h owever, do not always fo llow. A third a rea of stre ng th is the re gi on’s af forda bil it y. Vis iti ng the re gio n is re lati vel y che ap by in tern ation al sta nda rds. Un dou btedly, pr ic e com peti tive ne ss is an as set, gi ven the p res ent e co nom ic c ontex t. On th e other h and, in ade qu ate infra str uctu re in vast swaths of th e reg ion re ma ins a s ign if ic ant o bsta cle to the devel opm ent of not o nl y the T&T sector b ut the pri vate sec tor in ge ne ral. T his d efi cit h ind er s phys ic al con ne ctiv it y, exac er bates d isp ar itie s, an d und er min es the vi sio n of the ASEA N Co mmu nit y. AS E AN a nd i ts mem be rs a re aware of the p robl em a nd c ons ide r it a pri or it y. Bu t more th an p oli tica l wi ll, bri dgi ng the g ap w ill requ ire ma ss ive inve stme nt in c om ing ye ar s. A sec on d are a of con ce rn is th e po or pu bli c he alth situ ation, a lar mi ng in s ome p ar ts of AS E AN, w he re inad eq uate sa nit ary i nfra str uctu re an d poo r hygie ne resu lt in p oo r he alth o utcom es. U nhe al thy con diti ons a re an in conve ni enc e for tour ists, b ut for th e soc iet y at l arg e, they are a m ajo r is sue re qu iri ng urg en t at tention. Enviro nme nta l stewards hi p repre se nts a nothe r are a of relati ve wea kn es s. Co nse r vati on effo r ts mu st be com me nsu rate with th e reg ion’s extr aord ina r y n atura l her it age a nd the tou ris m at trac tive ne ss it d er ive s fro m that he ri tag e. Gover nm ents in th e reg io n face th e daunting challenge of balancing the socio-economic intere sts of differe nt sta keho lde rs w hil e me etin g the sust ain ab ili t y imp erati ve. Th eir s uc ce ss ha s be en parti al a nd, de spi te thei r com mitm ent, evi de nc e shows that the n atura l env iron me nt is un de r gre at stra in an d deter ior ating i n many p lac es. Th e ASE A N Touris m Strate gic Pl an 2011-2015 provid e s a roadm ap to 2015 to addre ss m ost of th e bot tle ne cks a nd leve rag e the stre ng ths id enti fi ed i n this Report. Provi de d they get i mp lem en ted, thes e me asu res wil l not onl y un le ash th e potenti al of the T&T sec tor, but a lso b oos t the re gio n’s compe titive ne ss, h elp th e regi on’s poore r co untr ie s to move up the val ue c hai n, produce enormous socio-economic benefits, and greatly contr ib ute to the real iz ation of th e ASE A N Com mu nit y. The Report contains a pillar-by-pillar analysis of the re sul ts for ASEA N cou ntri es. A n umb er of tex t boxes com pl em ent th e ana ly sis. A mo ng the topi cs i s an overv iew of g lob al an d reg ion al tre nds i n touri sm; a revie w of the var iou s ini tiati ves c ar ri ed ou t by ASE A N to devel op the T&T se ctor; an a nal ys is of ASE A N’s grou p perform an ce in th e T TCI as it c om pare s wi th othe r cou ntr y g roup s; a review of ASEA N’s sin gle v is a prog ram and v is a req uire me nts; an an aly sis of in tra-ASE A N air con ne ctiv it y; a nd an a ss es sm ent of th e reg ion’s natura l her it age. T he Report a lso fe ature s the ASEAN Scorecard whi ch re ports th e det ail ed p erfo rm anc e of ASE A N cou ntri es i n the di f fe rent c om pon ents of th e T TCI. The release of this study coincides with the Summit on Travel, Trade & Tourism, organized in the lead-up to the World Economic Forum on East Asia 2012 in Bangkok, Thailand. © 2012 World Economic Forum [...]... stringency of the government’s environmental regulations in each country, as well as the extent to which they are actually enforced 2 | The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 © 2012 World Economic Forum Figure 1: The TTCI framework Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Subindex A: T&T regulatory framework Human resources Ground transport infrastructure Affinity for Travel & Tourism Safety... compositions * ASEAN score (Cont’d.) 8 | The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 © 2012 World Economic Forum Box 3: Performance of ASEAN and selected country groups in the TTCI (cont’d.) to the region in 2010 ASEAN trails this subset by a narrow margin in the overall TTCI Yet, the drivers of competitiveness differ greatly between the two regions The Caribbean clearly has the advantage in the pillars... (80th), the Philippines (94th), and Cambodia (109th) span almost the entire range of the 139 economies covered by the TTCI (see Table 2), which continues to be led by Switzerland.7 With only three countries featured in the top 50 of the TTCI, the T&T sector in ASEAN undoubtedly faces a number of challenges 4 | The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 © 2012 World Economic Forum Table 2: The. .. the national and regional levels in order to realize the potential of the T&T sector more fully and sustainably MEASURING TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS Although the T&T sector provides many benefits, numerous obstacles at the national level hinder its growth The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index, developed by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with experts in the sector, measures the. .. Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), The World Bank, and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | 3 © 2012 World Economic Forum Box 2: ASEAN s T&T-related initiatives Brought to life in 1967, ASEAN was created with the aim of accelerating... exception of Singapore, the state of infrastructure in ASEAN varies from satisfactory to bleak Table 3 and the comparative analysis across The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | 15 © 2012 World Economic Forum Box 6: Air connectivity in ASEAN Air connectivity is a necessary complement to other modes of transport in ASEAN, given the geography and size of the region, the state of ground... objective of ASEAN and is embedded in the agreement of 2003 on the ASEAN Community (AC) The AC consists of three pillars: (1) the ASEAN Political-Security Community; (2) the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC); and (3) the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.1 The potential of tourism as a major socio-economic driver of the region’s development and integration was acknowledged early on The ASEAN Tourism Association,... Average score of the 139 economies covered in the TTCI Worst Median/Average Best The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | 7 © 2012 World Economic Forum Box 3: Performance of ASEAN and selected country groups in the TTCI This brief comparative analysis between the group performance of ASEAN and other relevant country groupings (see Table 2 for composition) provides a sense of the region’s... necessarily conceal the disparities highlighted above The rightmost column of the upper section of Table 3 reports the median rank of ASEAN countries and the two columns on the very right of the lower section report the average scores for ASEAN and the entire sample, respectively.13 At the regional level, the areas of weakness are environmental sustainability, health and hygiene, tourism infrastructure,... species is threatened The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | 11 © 2012 World Economic Forum Box 4: ASEAN s single visa program and visa requirements Facilitating the movement of people within ASEAN has long been seen as an important factor of integration To date, while great progress has been achieved in facilitating the movement of ASEAN nationals within the region, the community lags . Forum Insight Report The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 Fostering Prosperity and Regional Integration Through Travel and Tourism © 2012 World Economic Forum The ASEAN Travel &. Insight Report Insight Report The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 Fostering Prosperity and Regional Integration Through Travel and Tourism © 2012 World Economic Forum © 2012. basis. © 2012 World Economic Forum The ASEAN Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2012 | iii Preface v Executive Summary vii Fulfilling the Promises of Travel and 1 Tourism in ASEAN Measuring