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!" #$ %&'&&'( • )*+#,,-. • ( • !"( • ( • ( -+/ • -0-+0) 12*34 ,#-, *+4( • )4#-+.02---2 2-), -(0 -+/ • )4#-+3,( • Composite materials!composites#",-- #-2--2,4*1- ++2-+24( [...]... fibre and resin (the ‘interface’) 3 The amount of fibre in the composite (‘Fibre Volume Fraction’) 4 The orientation of the fibres in the composite TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME REINFORCEMENTS: Material Type Tensile Strength Tensile Modulus Typical Density Specific Modulus (MPa) (GPa) (g/cc) Carbon HS 3500 160 - 270 1.8 90 - 150 Carbon IM 5300 270 - 325 1.8 150 - 180 Carbon HM 3500 325 - 440 1.8 180 - 240... RESIN TRANSFER MOULDING TEXTILE COMPOSITES THE WAY FORWARD • • APPLICATIONS IN THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY: composite materials comprise more than 20% of the A380's airframe Carbonfibre reinforced plastic, glass-fibre reinforced plastic and quartz-fibre reinforced plastic are used extensively in wings, fuselage sections (such as the undercarriage and rear end of fuselage), tail surfaces, and doors ... "Sarcophagus of the Spouses", at the National Etruscan Museum HISTORY OF COMPOSITES • the Mongol warriors' high-performance, recurved archery bows of bullock tendon, horn, bamboo strips, silk and pine resin, which are 80% as strong as our modern fiberglass bows A modern reconstruction, in fibreglass and wood, of a historical composite bow HISTORY OF COMPOSITES • • Chinese bamboo rockets reinforced with rope wrappings... sheet, known as a fabric, to make handling possible • These fabrics can be made through different textile techniques such as braiding, weaving, knitting and sometimes even Non wovens can be used as reinforcements • Therefore the utilization of all these textile techniques gave rise to the name TEXTILE COMPOSITES PROPERTIES OF REINFORCING FIBERS • • • • • The four main factors that govern the fibre’s... Aramid LM 3600 60 1.45 40 Aramid HM 3100 120 1.45 80 Aramid UHM 3400 180 1.47 120 Glass - E glass 2400 69 2.5 27 Glass - S2 glass 3450 86 2.5 34 Glass - quartz 3700 69 2.2 31 Aluminium Alloy (7020) 400 1069 2.7 26 Titanium 950 110 4.5 24 450 205 7.8 26 800 196 7.8 25 1241 197 7.8 25 Mild Steel (55 Grade) Stainless Steel (A 5-8 0) HS Steel (17/4 H900) WAYS TO MANUFACTURE A COMPOSITE MATERIAL • • • Engineered... materials are usually some type of plastic, and these composites are often called reinforced plastics MATRIX (RESIN SYSTEMS) • The choice of a resin system for use in any component depends on a number of its characteristics., with the following probably being the most important for most composite structures: • • • • • 1 Adhesive Properties 2 Mechanical Properties 3 Micro-Cracking resistance 4 Fatigue Resistance... of the different fibres used in composites have different properties and so affect the properties of the composite in different ways REINFORCEMENTS • individual fibres or fibre bundles can only be used on their own in a few processes such as filament winding For most other applications, the fibres need to be arranged into some form of sheet, known as a fabric, to make handling possible • These fabrics... swords formed by the repeated folding of a steel bar back on itself • • the early fabrication of steel and of iron gun barrels in Damascus Roman artisans' use of ground marble in their lime plaster, frescoes and pozzolanic mortar Time scale of composite advancements COMPOSITION OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL: • Composites are made up of individual materials referred to as constituent materials • There are two... the nature of the matrix material, this melding event can occur in various ways such as chemical polymerization or solidification from the melted state In general, the reinforcing and matrix materials are combined, compacted and processed to undergo a melding event After the melding event, the part shape is essentially set • There are different type of moulding processes which can be utilized to form . bow 6% • ) -) $#2+2++, • <+ - 2# - )*+#,#))$ # • *#)##,)= - • - 7#, - ) - +3# +>> - ( - # -+ - &%. • -+ - +#. 12*34 ,# - , *+4( • )4# -+ .02 - - - 2 2 -) , - (0 -+ / • )4# -+ 3,( • Composite. -+ - %)# -+ )) -+ - -+ - -+ , -+ ,2 -+ , - ++ %&%.