Nanotechnology for security

Nanotechnology for Security 02-05-2006 Frank Simonis TNO Future Technology Center 2 • introduction • existing nanotechnology consumer products • why nano • sensors •materials • future expectations • impact on defence • nanotechnology radars Agenda 3 Nanotechnology: < 100 nm 4 The unique properties of nanotechnology: Bottom-up Through atom-by-atom or mol-to-mol engineering • Carbon nanotubes by gas phase deposition • Nanowires, metal, ceramic or polymer type • Quantum dots • Self assembling, molecular and biostructures • Nanostructures, catalytic, nanomembranes • Nanomedicine Small dimensions enabling high speed and high functional density (nanoelectronics, lab-on-chip) small and light weight devices and sensors (smart dust) high sensitivity (sensors, nanowires) and special surface effects (such as lotus effect) Very large surface area providing reinforcement and catalytic effects Quantum effects such as highly efficient optical fluorescent quantum dots New molecular structures, with new material properties: high strength nanotubes, nanofibers and nanocomposites Top-down Scaling and miniaturization. Lithography, embossing or imprint. • Micro- and nanoelectronics • MEMS, micro electro mechanical systems • Nanostructured coatings in displays, solar cells • Nanofibers by electrospinning • Nanoclay platelets and tubes by exfoliation 5 Nano for sport Nanoclay barrier Nano-titanium strengthened titanium CNT reinforced carbon fiber Nanocarbon composite Fullerene 60 reinforced carbon fiber Nanocarbon composite CNT composite www.nanotechproject.org Radar golf 6 Nano for personal care Skin moisturizing with nano-encapsulated Alp water Fullerene as sponge for radicals (skin cosmetics) Nanoparticle collamin skin care Skin lift with nano silica and proteins Nanoceuticals (artichoke) Nanofibers to increase hair volume Nano ZnO sunblock Nanoceutical toothpaste 7 Nano for cars Nano wax Nano polish Nanoparticle (SiO2) clearcoat for cars (BASF) Nanoclay reinforced PP GM increases no of parts Nanobreeze (nano Ag?) kills allergens, bacteria etc. 8 Nano for textile Nano silver prevents odor in textiles Nano silver antibacterial deodorant socks Texapore coated fabric (breathing) Finetex nanofiber filters Nanosphere non-stick fabric (water repellent) Nanotex textiles (water repellent) 9 Nano for domestic Finetex nanofiber filters Oled displays Pathogen nanofilter Self cleaning glass (nano TiO2) rf shielding paint Nansulate insulation with nanopores Anti-graffiti paint (non stick) 10 0.5mm 4.0 mm 500 um Airbag Accelerometers Inertial Measurement Units Fuel Injection Nozzle Tire Pressure Sensors Microelectromechanical Systems: Advanced Materials and Fabrication Methods and MEMS for automotive MEMS are physically small and integrate electrical, mechanical and sensoric components (micro electro mechanical systems) 1 micron beams Accelerometer Platforms 1) Si (CMOS) 2) Glass/ceramic (high temperature) [...]... Sample preparation chip for biochips, tno Body fluid micro filter microbe/cell lysing DNA labelling DNA extraction DNA sensor Outlet 17 One reaction chamber system • external fluid controls • ultrasound for lysing microbes, cells • dna/rna extraction • magnetic bead binding • purification and magnification Sensing with carbon nanotubes Chemiresistor for volatiles Biosensor for in situ life detection,... exceptional tensile strength of 60 GPa Current status for these composites is 2-4 GPa Existing high strength fibers such as carbon fiber, Aramide, Dyneema, PBO are in the range of 3-6 GPa 24 Carbon NanoTube (CNT) reinforced laminate High strength carbon nanotube laminate (bucky paper) for high strength lightweight aerospace structures 25 Nano(clay)platelets reinforced materials (tno) Nanoplatelets: graphite... products in segment incorporate emerging nanotechnology > 10% of products in segment incorporate emerging nanotechnology 32 Logic chips Memory chips Optical components 2014 >10 years Intermediate products Final goods Electronics and IT Source: October 2004 Lux Research Report “Sizing Nanotechnology s Value Chain” brain machine interface exo-skeletons genetyping informatics robotic surgery in vitro cell... Smart structures & uniform • • • • • 31 Nanocomposites: high strength & temp, lightweight, non metal Biomimic structures: lightweight-bone type, self healing/assembling Integrated functions: adaptive, sensoric, actuating, (polymer) electronics Active coatings: adaptive, stealth, bio-active, flexible display Key words: smart structures, skin, uniform, textiles Expectations on nanotechnology deployment... properties for strength, conductivity etc • nanostructures and particles create a very large surface area, featuring unique surface activity for sensing, catalysis, absorption etc • completely new particles, unknown in nature, can be produced with new properties, such as carbon nanotubes • at the nanoscale, quantum effects can be used e.g to obtain new optical effects 23 Carbon Nanotube (CNT) reinforced... ENIAC less chemical waste ~1950 Jornada ~2000 • high sensor-sample ratio high sensitivity high signal to noise Shrink volume by 108 Improve power efficiency by 108 Stan Williams, HP 12 Nanostructures for sensing DNA-coated pad Magnetic bead Magnetoresistive strip Nanocalorimeter; Roukes CIT Shorting metal Field generation wire GMR Biosensor; Whitman/Prinz, NRL Cantilever Sensor; Thundat ORNL • Signal... effects can be used e.g to obtain new optical effects 23 Carbon Nanotube (CNT) reinforced fibers With carbon nanotubes (diameter 1-2 nm, aspect ratio 103,104) the following ultimate material properties are foreseen: • mechanical: E-modulus up to 1-5 MPa, ultimate tensile strength: 30-180 GPa • electrical conductivity: 6000 S/cm, thermal conductivity: 2000 W/mK • ultrahigh surface area: 1500 m2/gram Up to... improvements: yocto(10-24) joule, atto(10-18) newton, femto (10-15) mol/L, ppb, single molecule • Miniaturization – size/weight - arrays • Lower power, potentially scavenged • Locally process data into information + 15 μ NanoAu Chemiresistor; Snow NRL 13 Lab-on-a-chip; Sandia Cantilever Array-based Artificial Nose Gases and Vapours ppb - ppt range www.cantion.com M.K Baller, et al., Ultramicroscopy 82,... chemical, UV and thermal stability (usually 50 to 100 K up) • increase fracture toughness: typically a factor 103 • increase tensile strength: factor 2 • diffusion barrier: factor 2-10 • good template for dna and amino acids 26 Nanomedicine Nano encapsulation of dna, proteomics, drugs, release via bioswitch or ultrasound bioswitch Encapsulation (nanoclay, double layered hydroxides) 27 Electrospun (polymer)...…….and lab on chip diagnostic systems Rapid, Specific and Sensitive Micro (Fluidic) Detection System Bench Process Book Size System Watch Size System m Micro System dm cm Several micro system platforms 1) Si (CMOS) 2) Glass/ceramic (high temperature) 3) Plastic (low cost, disposable) 11 mm Why Nano (sensoric aspects) Thanks to miniaturization down to micron & nano level: • small dimensions (mm, . Nanotechnology for Security 02-05-2006 Frank Simonis TNO Future Technology Center 2 • introduction • existing nanotechnology consumer products • why nano •. 7 Nano for cars Nano wax Nano polish Nanoparticle (SiO2) clearcoat for cars (BASF) Nanoclay reinforced PP GM increases no of parts Nanobreeze (nano Ag?) kills allergens, bacteria etc. 8 Nano for. and tubes by exfoliation 5 Nano for sport Nanoclay barrier Nano-titanium strengthened titanium CNT reinforced carbon fiber Nanocarbon composite Fullerene 60 reinforced carbon fiber Nanocarbon