tuyển chọn bài thi theo cấu trúc đề thi môn hóa học

T CXI C NGUYfiN VAN THOAI - PHAM DINH THANH TRAN TUAN VI$T TUYENCHON BAI THI TRAC NGHIEM THEO CAU TRUC DE THI MON HOA HOC (Dung de on luyen thi tot nghiep THPT va Dai hoc, Cao dang; THi; VIENTIWHBINH THUAN NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SlT PHAM Ldl NOI DAU Cuon sach "Tuyen chon b^i thi trac nghiem theo cau true cJe thi - Mon Hoa hoc" danh cho hoc sinh dang on luyen thi tot nghiep Tl ;PT \/a thi vao cac trUdng Dai hoc va Cao ding. Trong vai nam gan day, Bo Giao due va Dao tao da cong bo c .u true m6i cua de thi tot nghiep THPT va de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc, Cac liing. De giup hoc sinh c6 tai lieu on luyen phu hdp va thiet thiic, chung -oi bien soan cuon sach nay v6i npi dung: TuySn chon sSp xep cac bai thi trSc nghiem theo trinh tifcau true de thi, dong thdi rat chu </ den npi dung va xu hirdng mdi ra de thi trac nghiem cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao (de thi giam npi dung hpe thupc, tSng npi dung van dung suy luan va nhieu cau la nhOrng bai toan hoa hpe can thiet). Npi dung cuon sach gom hai phan : Phan I - Tuyen chon cac bai thi tr§c nghiem theo cau true de thi Cac bai trac nghiem dU'dc tuyen chpn la cac bai c6 trong eac de thi tuyen sinh Dai hpe, Cao ding nhOfng nSm qua va c6 trong cac de thi hpe sinh gioi toan quoe. Phan II - Hudng dan chon dap an Trong phan nay chung toi gidi thieu va ap dung nhCrng phiiang phap giai nhanh cac bai toan Hoa hpe, nhu": - Phi/dng phap bao toan nguyen to; - Phi/dng phap bao toan dien ti'eh; - PhL/dng phap bao toan khoi liidng; - Phu-dng phap tang - giam khoi liTdng; - PhU'dng phap trung binh; - PhU'dng phap bao toan electron; - PhU'dng phap tfnh theo phiTdng trinh ion; - PhLfdng phap xac dinh va can bang lien ket n trong phan tCf hdp chal hOru cd de hadng dan ban dpc each tim nhanh dap an dung cho tC/ng cau / . !e trong de thi. Tac gia mong nhan di/dc nhOrng y kien dong gop xay di/ng cCia ban dpc gan xa de Ian xuat ban sau cuon sach eo chat lifdng tot hdn. Xin tran trpng cam dn! CAC TAC GIA CAU TRUC DE THI TUYEN SINH DAI HOC - CAO DANG 1. Cau true de thi Di thi dugc ra theo chuong trinh THPT hifin hanh, chii y€u la chuang trinh Idp 12. - DO'i vdi cac m6n: Toan, Vat If, Hoa hoc, Sinh hoc, Ngii van, Lich sijr, Dia If di thi m6i m6n g6m hai phSn: + Phdn chung cho ta't ca thf sinh, ra theo n6i dung gi6'ng nhau giira chirong trinh Chudn va chuang trinh Nang cao. + Phdn rieng ra theo tung chuang trinh: Chuang trinh Chu^n va chuang trinh Nang cao. Thf sinh dugc chgn m6t phSn rieng thfch hgp de lam bai; nfi'u lam ca hai phSn rieng thi ca hai ph^n rieng d6u kh6ng dugc cha'm. - Dd'i vdfi cac m6n Ngoai ngu: thi m6i m6n chi c6 phSn chung danh cho ta't ca thf sinh, ra theo n6i dung gi6'ng nhau giira chuang trinh Chudn va chuang trinh Nang cao, khdng c6 phdn rieng. 2. Yeu cau va mure do kien thure a) Yeu cau on tdp: On tap toan b6 chuang trinh da hgc, khdng hgc tu, hoc lech. Bam sat yeu cdu, miic d6 cua thi tuye'n sinh Dai hgc va Cao dang. Trong qua trinh on thi cin nang cao kie'n thiic va ki nang ca ban, dong thdi nang cao kha nang suy luan, nang luc tu duy, sang tao. b) Mite do cdn dqt ve kien thitc, ki nang - Ve kien thicc: Yeu ciw thf sinh phai nam vung, hie'u ban cha't, hi^u sau cac kie'n thiic trong chuang trinh va sach giao khoa. - Ve ki nang: Van dung thanh thao cac kie'n thiic da hgc de' tra Idi cac cau hoi hoac giai bai tap; c6 kl nSng tfnh toan, ve hinh, dung bie'u d6. 3. Cau true de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoe - Cao dang mon Hoa hoe I. PHAN CHUNG CHO TAT CA THI SINH (40 eau) So TT Noi dung So eau 1 Nguyen tir, bang tuSn hoan cac nguyen t6' hoa hoc, lien ke't hoa hgc 2 2 Phan ling oxi hoa-khii, t6'c d6 phan ling va can bang hoa hgc 2 3 Su dien li 2 4 Phi kirn (cacbon, silic, nita, photpho, oxi^ luu huynh JiaIogen)_ 2 5 Dai cuang v6 kim loai 2 6 Kim loai ki6m, kim loai ki^m thd, nh6m, sat 2 7 ong hop noi dung cac kife'n thfrc hoa v6 ca thudc chuong trinh j)h6 thongs 6 8 Dai cuong hoa hoc huu co, hidiocacbon 2 9 Dan xual halogen, ancol, phenol 2 10 Andehit, xeton, axit cacboxylic 2 11 liste, lipit 2 12 Amin, amino axit, protein 2 13 Cacbohidrat 1 14 Polimc va vat lieu polime 1 15 Tdng hop noi dung cac kien thiic hoa hiru co thuoc chuong irinh pho thong 6 II. PHAN RlftNG. Ihi sink chi ditoc chon mot phdn rieng thich hffp de Idm bdi 1. Theo chirofns tnnh Chuan (10 can) So TT Noi dung So cau 16 Toe do phan urng, can bang hoa hoc, su dien li 1 17 Andehit, xeton, axit cacboxylic 2 18 DaV the diSn circ chudn 1 19 Crom. dong, niken, chi, kem, bac, vang, thiec 2 20 Phan biet chat v6 CO, hoa hoc va va'n de phat tri^n kinh te', xa h6i, moi truong 1 21 Dan xuat halogen, phenol, ancol 1 22 Amin, amino axit, protein 1 23 Cacbohidrat 1 2. Theo chirong trinh Nang cao (10 cau) So TT Noi dung So cau 24 Toe do phan i?ng, can bang hoa hoc, su dien li 1 25 Andehit, xeton, axit cacboxylic 2 26 Day the dien cue ehuan 1 27 Crom, dong, niken, ehi, kem, bac, vang, thiec . 2 28 Phan hiet chat v6 co, ehuan dp dung dich, hoa hoc va van de phat irien kinh te, xa hoi, moi trudng 1 29 Dan xua't halogen, phenol, ancol 1 30 Amin, amino axit, protein 1 31 Cacbohidrat 1 KHAI QUAT VE PHUONG PHAP TRAC NGHlgM Co hai loai trac nghifim: - Trac nghiem tu luan (thu6ng goi tat la ttr luan) - Trac nghiem khach quan (thucmg goi tat la trac nghiem). Tide nghiem tu luan (cau hoi tu luan): Khi l^m bai, hoc sinh phai vie't cau tra lofi, phai If giai, lap luan chiing minh bang kien thiJc ciia minh. Tide nghiem khdeh quan (cau hoi trac nghiem): Khi lam bai, hoc sinh chi phai doc, suy nghi dd lua chon dap an dung trong s6' cac phuong an da cho. Thdi gian danh cho m6i cau chi tCr 1 - 2 phut. Goi la tide nghiem khdch quan la do each cha'm die'm ra't khach quan (thuorng la dung may tinh). Di^m dupe tinh bang each de'ra s6' Mn chon dupe cau tra Icri diing. Cau hoi trac nghiem co 4 dang chinh: 1. Cau dien khuyet G6m hai phdn: - Phdn edu dan la nhung cau hoac phuong trinh hoa hoe, c6 nhiJng ch6 eon bo trong (ghi bang cac da'u ). - Phdn tid Idi la nhung tCr, cum tCr, nhung cong thiic hoa hoc phai lua chon va diin vao ch6 trS'ng cho phu hop. - Thi du: Trong nguyen tijf %C\x co (1) electron, (2) proton va (3) natron. 2. Cau phep doi G6m hai phan: - Phdn cdu dan b c6t thii nha't g6m m6t phdn ciia cau (cau chua hoan thanh) hay mdt yeu cdu - Phdn tid Idi 6 c6t thii hai g6m mdt phan con lai ciia cau hoac mCt dap an ma ta phai ehpn de' ghep vdi c6t thii nha't thanh cau phu hcrp hoan chinh. - Thi du: Chon san ph^m phan ting b c6t thiJ hai ghep vdi cac cha't phan u-ng of e6t thii nha't de' dupe phuong trinh hoa hoc phii hop hoan chinh: Cot thvi nhat Cot thur hai Dap an a) CI2 + NaOH b) CI2 + NaOH ,) KCIO, "^""^'^ > d) KCIO, DN^ + H^O 2) KCIO4 + KCl 3) NaCl + NaClO, + HjO 4) KCl + O2 5) NaCl + NaClO + H2 a-5 b-3 c - 4 d-2 3. Cau dung sat Gom hai phan: - Phan can dan la mot cau c6 n6i dung c^n xac dinh dung hay sal. - Phan lid Idi g6m chtr D (neu cho la diing) hay chu S (neu cho la sai). Khoanh tron mot trong hai chiJ do khi xac dinh. - Thi du: Hidrocacbon no chi tham gia phan ling the', kh6ng tham gia phan ling c6ng. D - S. Dap an S: Hidrocacbon no nhu xiclopropan (hay xiclobutan) c6 thi tham gia phinn ling c6ng mcf vong. 4. Cau nhieu lira chon (hay diing nhat) Gom hai phAn: - Phan (du dan 1^ m6t cau hoi hoac mdt cau chua hoan thanh (cau bo lirng), c3n ghep vdi m6t dap an di dugc cau hoan chinh. - Phan trd Idi g6m 4 hoac 5 phuomg an, phai chon phuong dn diing (hay diing nha't, dSy du nhat). - Thidu 1: Cho 20 gam h6n hop Mg va Fe tac dung vdri dung dich HCl du thay c6 1 gam khi H2 bay ra. Neu dem c6 can dung dich sau phan ling thi thu dugc bao nhieu gam mu6'i khan? A. 50 gam B. 55,5 gam C. 60 gam D. 60,5 gam Hay chon dap an diing. Hit&ng ddn trd lai - Cdch gidi thong thudng: Goi X va y la so mol Mg va Fe c6 trong 20 gam h6n hop. Cac phuong trinh phan ling: Mg + 2HC1 MgCl2 + X X Fe y + 2HC1 FeCl2 y Hzt X mol H2t y mol (1) (2) Ta CO he phuong trinh: 24x + 56y = 20 1 X + y = — ^ 2 Giai he phuong trinh dugc: x = y = 0,25 mol. -> niMgci, = 95.0,25 = 23,37 gam. "ipecij = 127.0,25 = 31,75 gam. Kh6'i lugng mu6'i bang 23,37 + 31,75 = 55,5 (gam). - Cdch gidi nhanh: Tir phan tir HCl -» UH = Ud = j = 1 mol nguyen tic. Nhu vay: 1 mol nguySn t^ H bay ra thi cung phai c6 1 mol nguyen tir CI (hay 35,5 gam) tao mu6'i. mmu,.i = mki + mj,.vc axi> = 20 + 35,5 = 55,5 (gam). Dap an B. Thi du 2: Chia m6t lugng h6n hgp 2 ancol no, don chiic thanh hai pMn bang nhau. Phan 1: D6t chay hoan toan, thu dugc 2,24 lit COj (dktc). Phan 2: Tach nude (dehdrat hoa) hoan toan, thu dugc 2 anken. D6t chay hoan toan h6n hgp 2 anken thu dugc m gam H2O. Gia tri ciia m la A. 1,2. B. 2,4. C. 3,6. ' D. 1,8. Hay chon dap an dung. Hu&ng ddn trd lai: - Cdch gidi thong thiCdng: Ggi CTPT trung binh ciia 2 ancol la CjiHjji+iOH . Ggi x la s6' mol ciia 2 ancol trong m6i phSn. Phan I: CnHjH+iOH+yO2 -^nC02+(ii + l)H20 X mol 2 24 nx=-:—= 0,l(mol) 22,4 Phan 2: Cj^Hzi^^iOH ''^o'C.H;S04d ^Q_^^_+Y^^Q X mol X mol X mol n X n X = 0,1 mol mHjO =0'1-18= l,8(gam). Dap an D. - Cdcfi gidi nhanh: D6't chay phSn 1 thu dugc 0,1 mol CO2, phSn 2 tach nirdc thi s6' mol anken bang s6' mol aneol. S6 nguyen tu C trong anken bang s6' nguydn tir C trong ancol. -> S6' mol CO, khi d6't anken = s6' mol CO2 khi d6't ancol va bang s6' mol HjO. m„^o= = 1,8 gam. Chu y. Khi lam bai tap trk nghiem, vi khfing phai trinh bay each giai nSn ta dung each giai nhanh (giai nhSlm) 6.i chon dap an diing. PHAN I TUYEN CHON BAI THI TRAC NGHIEM THEO CAU TRUC DE THI A. PHAN CHUNG CHO TAT CA CAC THf SINH NGUYEN TLT, BANG TUAN HOAN, LIEN KET HOA HOC 1.1. Cho cac nguyen to M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) va R (Z = 19). D6 am dien ciia cac nguyen to tang dSn theo thir tir A. M<X<Y<R. B. R<M<X<Y. C. Y<M<X<R. D. M<X<R<Y. 1.2. Trong tur nhien, nguyen to c6 hai dong vi la fgCu va 29Cu . Nguydn tir khoi trung binh cua dong la 63,54. Thanh phan phSn tram t6ng so nguyen tir cua d6ng vi 29 Cu la A. 27%. B. 50%. C. 54%. D. 73%. 1.3. Trong hop chat ion XY (X la kim loai, Y la phi kim), s6' electron cua cation bang s6' electron cua anion va t6ng s6' electron trong XY la 20. Biet trong moi hop chat, Y chi c6 mdt miic oxi hoa duy nha't. C6ng thiic XY la A. MgO. B. LiF. C. AIN. D. NaF. 1.4. Trong phan ling d6't chay CuFeSz tao ra san pham CuO, FejOj va SO2 thi m6t phan tu CuFeSi se A. nhucmg 13 electron. B. nhan 12 electron. C. nhan 13 electron. D. nhucrng 12 electron. 1.5. Day g6m cac ion X^, Y" va nguySn tir Z ddu c6 ca'u hinh electron ls22s'2p*^ la A. Na", Cr, Ar B. U\, Ne C.Na^F-,Ne D. K\, Ar. 1.6. Anion X" va cation Y^' d^u c6 cau hinh electron Idp ngoai cung la Ss^Sp**. Vj tri cua cac nguyen to trong bang tuSn hoan cac nguyen t6' hoa hoc la : A. X CO s6' thu- tu 17, chu ki 4, nhom VIIA . Y CO so thu- tu 20, chu ki 4, nhom IIA. li. X CO so thi'r tir 18, chu ki 3, nhom VIA. Y CO so thir lif 20, chu ki 4, nhom llA. C. X CO so thi'r tu 17, chu ki 3, nhom VIIA . Y CO so ihir tir 20, chu ki 4, nhom IIA. D. X CO so thi'r tir 18, chu ki 3, nhom VIIA. Y CO s6' thi'r tu 20, chu ki 3, nhom IIA. 1.7. Nguyen tir cua nguyfin t6' X c6 cau hinh electron ls'2s^2p'^3s^3p'^4s', nguyen tir cua nguydn to Y c6 citu hinh electron ls^2s^2p\ Lien kfi't hoa hoc giCra nguyen tir X va nguySn tir Y thudc loai I'ltn ket A. kirn loai. B. c6ng hoa tri. C. ion. D. cho - nhan. 1.8. Nguyen tir cua nguyen to X c6 t6ng s6' hat electron trong cac phan Idfp p la 7. So hat mang dien cua mot nguyfin tijr Y nhi^u hon so hat mang dien cua mot nguyen lir X la 8 hat. Cac nguyen to X va Y lan lum la A. FevaCI. B. Na va CI. C. Al va CI. D. Al va P. 1.9. Mot nguyen tir cua nguyen to X c6 tdng so hat proton, natron, electron la 52 va CO so khoi la 35. S6' hieu nguyfin tu cua nguyen to X la A. 18. B. 23. C. 17. D. 15. 1.10. Nguyen tu ciia nguyen t6' X c6 electron a muc ni5ng lirgng cao nha't la 3p. Nguyen tu ciia nguyen to Y cung c6 electron cf mv!c nang lucmg 3p va c6 mot electron a \dp ngoai cdng. Nguyen lir X va Y c6 so electron hon kem nhau la 2. Nguyen to X, Y lan lugt la A. kim loai va kim loai. B. phi kirn va kim loai. C. kim loai va khf hiem. D. khi hiS'm va kim loai. 1.11. Cho cac nguyen to: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Day g6m cac nguyen 16' dupe sdp x6'p theo chieu giam dan ban ki'nh nguyen tuf tir trai sang phai la A. Mg,K,Si,N B.K,Mg,Si,N C. K, Mg, N, Si D. N, Si, Mg, K 1.12. Nguyen lir ciia nguyen to X c6 cau hlnh electron ngoai cung la ns'^np''. Trong hop chat khi ciia nguyen 16' X \'6i hidro, X chifi'm 94,12% khoi lupng. Phdn tram khoi lirpng cua nguyen t6' X trong oxit cao nha't la A. 50,00% B. 40,00% C. 27,27% > - D. 60,00% 1.13. Ca'u hinh electron cua ion X^* la ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^. Trong bang tuSn hoan cac nguyen to hoa hpc, nguyen t6' X thupc A. chu ki 4, nhom IIA. B. chu ki 4, nhom VIIIB. C. chu ki 4, nhom VIIIA. D. chu ki 3, nhom VIB. 1.14. Nhan djnh nao sau day dung khi noi v6 3 nguyen tijr: ^3 X , 26 Y , ^^Z ? A. X va Y CO cung s6' notron. B. X, Z la 2 d6ng vi ciia ciing m6t nguyfen t6' hoa hpc. C. X, Y thu6c Cling m6t nguyen t6' hoa hpc. p. X va Z CO ciing s6' kh6'i. 1.15. Cac nguyen t6' tir Li de'n F, theo chi^u tang ciia dien tich hat nhan thi A. ban ki'nh nguyen tu va d6 am dien d^u giam. B. ban kinh nguyen tu va d6 am dien d^u tang. C. ban kinh nguyen tii giam, d6 am dien tang. D. ban kinh nguyen tu tang, d6 am dien giam. 1.16. Cac chat ma phan tu khong phan cue la A. HBr, CO2, CH4. B. CI2, CO2, QHj. C. NH3, Br^, C2H4. D. HCl, C2H2, Br2. 1.17. M6t ion M'^co t6ng .s6' hat proton, natron, electron la 79, trong do s6' hat mang dien nhi^u hon s6' hat khdng mang dien la 19. Ca'u hinh electron cua nguyen tir M la A. [Ar]3dHs'. B. [Ar]3dMsl C. [Ar]3d'*4s'. D. [Ar]3dMsl 1.18. Cac kim loai X, Y, Z c6 ca'u hinh electron nguyen tijr lAn lupt la: ls^2s^2p'3s'; ls'2s^2p^3s^ ls^2s^2p'3s^3p'. Day g6m cac kim loai xe'p theo chieu tSng ddn tinh khi'r tiJr trai sang phai la A. Y, Z, X. B. Z, X, Y. C.X,Y,Z. D.Z,Y,X. 1.19. Day g6m cac kim loai c6 ca'u tao mang tinh the lap phuong tarn khd'i la A. Li, Na, K. B. Be, Mg, Ca. C.Li,Na,Ca. D. Na, K, Mg. 1.20. Lien ket hoa hpc giiJa cac nguyen til trong phan njr H2O la lien ke't A. c6ng hoa trj khong phan cue. B. hidro. C. cpng hoa tri phan cue. D. ion. 2. PHAN UNG OXI HOA - KHLT, TOC DO PHAN UNO VA CAN BANG HOA HOC 2.1. Di kbit ion Cu^"^ trong dung dich CUSO4 c6 the' diing kim loai A. Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba. 2.2. Cho phiromg trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling tong hop amoniac: N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k) Khi tang ndng d6 ciia hidro Ifin 2 l^n, t6'c d6 phan ling thuan A. tang len 8 Ian. B. giam di 2 iSn. C. tang len 6 iSn. D. tang Itn 2 l^n. 2.3. Cho cac phan ung xay ra sau day : (1) AgNOj + Fe(N03)2 -» Fe(N03)3 + Ag>l^ (2) Mn + 2HCI MnClj + H21 Day cac ion sap xfi'p theo chi6u tang dSn tfnh oxi hoa la A. ,Ag+, Fe3+, H+ , Mn2+. B. Ag+ , Mn^^, H+ , Fe^+. C. Mn2+, H+ , Ag+, Fe^^. D. Mn^^, H+ , Fe^+, Ag+. 2.4. T6ng he s6' (cac so nguyen, t6'i gian) ciia tat ca cac chat trong phuomg trinh phan ling giua Cu vdri dung djch HNO, dac, nong la A. 10 B. 11 C.8 D.9 2.5. Cho can bang hoa hoc: 2 SOj (k) + O2 (k) <=:± 2 SO3 (k) phan ung thuan la phan ling toa nhiet. Phat bie'u dung la: A. can bang chuydn djch theo chi^u nghich khi giam n6ng do SO3 . B. Can bang chuyen dich theo chieu thuan khi giam ap suat he phan ling. C. can bang chuyen dich theo chieu nghich khi giam n6ng do O2 . D. can bang chuyg'n dich theo chieu thuan khi tang nhiet d6. 2.6. Cho can bang hoa hoc: N2(k) + 3H2(k) ^-=± 2NH3(k); phan ung thuan la phan ling toa nhiet. can bang hoa hoc khong bi chuyS'n djch khi A. thay doi ap sua't he. B. thay doi nong dd N2. C. thay doi nhiet do. D. them chat xiic tac Fe. ;.7. Cho cac can bang hoa hoc: N2 (k) + 3 H2 (k) < > 2 NH3 (k) H2(k) + l2(k) ^ 2S02(k)+ 02(k) ± 2HI(k) 2S03(k) 2N02(k) < > N204(k) (1) (2) (3) (4) Khi thay d6i ap sua't, nhung can bang hoa hoc bi chuyen dich la A. (1), (2), (3). B. (2), (3), (4). C.(l),(3),(4). D.(l),(2),(4). 2.8. Cho phan ung hoa hoc: Fe + CUSO4 FeS04 + Cu Trong phan ung trSn xay ra: A. str khtr Fe^"^ va sir oxi hoa Cu. B. sir khur Fe^+ va su khir Cu^+. C. su oxi hoa Fe va su oxi hoa Cu. D. su oxi hoa Fe va su khur Cu^^. 2.9. Cho cac can bang sau: xt,t" (1) 2S02(k) + 02 (k) (2) N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) ^ ± 2S0., (k) xt,t ± 2NH3 (k) (3) CO, (k) + n, (k) ± CO (k) + H2O (k) (4) 2HI (k) ± H2 (k) +12 (k) Khi thay d6i ap sua't, nhom gdm cac can bang hoa hoc d^u khong bi chuye'n dich la A.(l)va(2). B.(l)va(3). C. (3) va (4). D. (2) va (4). 2.10. Cho cac phan ung sau: (a) 4HC1 + Pb02 ->PbCl2+Cl2+2H20 (b) HCl + NH4HCO3 —^ NH4CI + CO2 + H2O (c) 2HC1 + 2HNO3 > 2NO2 + CI2 + 2H2O (d) 2HC1 + Zn > ZnCl2 + S6' phan ung trong do HCl the hien ti'nh khii A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 2.11. Cho chat xuc tac Mn02 vao 100 ml dung dich H2O2, sau 60 giay thu duoc 33,6 ml khi Oj (cr dktc). T6'c do trung binh ciia phan ung (tinh theo H2O2) trong 60 giay tren la A. 5,0.10' moV (/.s). B. 5,0.10^ mol/ (/.s). C. 2,5.10-^ mol/ (Is). D. 1,0.10'' mol/ (/.s). 2.12. Cho day cac chat va ion: Zn, S, FeO, SOj, N2, HCl, Cu'% Cr. So chat va ion CO ca tinh oxi hoa va tinh khir la A. 6 B.5 C. 7 D. 4 2.13. Cho can bang: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) < > 2SO, (k). Khi tang nhiet d6 thl ti khdi cua h6n hop khi so vdi H2 giam di. Phat bi^u dung khi noi v6 can bang nay la: A. Phan utig thuan toa nhiet, can bang dich chuyin theo chi^u nghich khi tang nhiet d6. B. Phan ling nghich thu nhiet, can bang dich chuyfi'n theo chi6u thuan khi tang nhiet dp. C. Phan ling nghich toa nhiet, can bang dich chuyfin theo chi6u thuan khi tang nhiet do. D. Phan ung thuan thu nhiet, can bang dich chuydn theo chieu nghich khi tang nhiet d6. 2.14. Nung nong tiTng cap cha't sau trong binh kin: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) FejO, + CO (k), (3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(N0.,)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNo", (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cac truong hcfp xay ra phan ung oxi hoa kim loai la A.(l),(4),(5). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (2); (5), (6). D.(l),(3),(6). 2.15. Cho X mol Fe tan hoan toan trong dung dich chiia y mol H2SO4 (ti 16 x : y = 2:5), thu duoc mot san phaim khu duy nha't va dung dich chi chira mu6'i sunfat. S6' mol electron do luong Fe tren nhucmg khi bi hoa tan la A. 2x. B. 3x. C. y. D.2y. 2.16. Cho phan ung: 2C6H5-CHO + KOH ^ CfiHs-COOK + CfiHs-CHj-OH Phan ung nay chung to CfiH^-CHO: A. vira the hifin tinh oxi hoa, vira the hien tinh kh\i. B. chi th^ hien tinh oxi hoa. C. chi th^ hien tinh khur. D. khong the hien tinh khu va tinh oxi hoa. 2.17. Cho cac can bang sau: (I) 2HI(k) <=± H2(k) + l2(k); (II) CaCO, (r) <=> CaO (r) + CO2 (k); (III) FeO (r) + CO (k) < > Fe (r) + CO2 (k); (IV) 2S02(k) + 02(k) < > 2SO;(k). Khi giam ap suat ciia he, s6' can bang bi chuye'n dich theo chieu nghich la A. 4. B. 3. . C. 2. D. 1. 2.18. Cho can bang hoa hoc: PCI, (k) < > PCI3 (k) + CI2 (k); AH > 0. can bang chuyen djch theo chieu thuan khi A. tang ap suat ciia he phan ung. B. tang nhiet do cua he phan ung. C. them PCI3 vao he phan ung. D. them CI2 vao he phan ung. 2.19. Cho phan ung: NajSO, + KMn04 + NaHS04 ^ Na2S04 + MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O. Tdng he s6' ciia cac cha't (la nhCing so nguyen, t6'i gian) trong phuong trinh phan ling la A. 27. B.47. C. 31. D. 23. 2.20. Nguyen tir S dong vai tro vijfa la cha't khir, vira la chat oxi hoa trong phan ling nao sau day? A. S + 2Na —^> Na2S. B. S + 3F2 ^^SFfi. C. S + 6HN0, (dac) —^ H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O. D. 4S + 6NaOH(dac) —^ 2Na2S + Na2S203 + 3H2O. 3. SUDIENLI 3.1. Khi hoa tan hidroxit kim loai M(0H)2 bang mot luong vira du dung dich H2SO4 20% thu duoc dung dich mudi trung hoa c6 ndng do 27,21%. Kim loai M la A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. aMg. ^ 3.2. Trong so cac dung dich : Na^CO,, KCl, CH^COONa, NH4CI, NaHS04, QHsONa. Nhifng dung dich c6 pH > 7 la A. NaoCO,, QH.ONa, CH,COONa. B. NajCO,, NH4CI. KCl. C. KCl, CftH,ONa, CH,COONa. D. NH4CI, CH.COONa, NaHS04. 3.3. Khi cho 100 ml dung dich KOH IM vao 100 ml dung djch HCl thu duoc dung djch c6 chiia 6,525 gam chat tan. N6ng dO mol (hoac mol/1) ciia HCl trong dung dich da dung la A.0,75M. B. IM. C.0,25M. D.0,5M. 3.4. Mot dung dich chiia 0,02 mol Cu^^ , 0,03 mol K"", x mol CP va y mol S04~. Tong khdi luong cac mudi tan c6 trong dung dich la 5,435 gam. Gia tri cija x va y Ian luot la A. 0,03 va 0,02. B. 0,05 va 0,01. C. 0,01 va 0,03. D. 0,02 va 0,05. 3.5. Day g6m cac chat deu lam quy tim am chuyen sang mau xanh la A. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hidroxit. C. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. D. anilin, amoniac, natri hidroxit. 3.6. Dung dich HCl va dung dich CH3COOH c6 cung nong d6 mol, pH cua hai dung dich tuong ung la x va y. Quan he giua x va y la (gia thie't, ci[ 100 phan tu CH3COOH thi c6 1 phan tiJ dien li). A. y = lOOx. B. y = 2x. C. y = x- 2 D. y = x + 2 3.7. Tron lan V ml dung dich NaOH 0,0IM v6i V ml dung dich HCl 0,03M duoc 2V ml dung dich Y. Dung dich Y c6 pH la A. 2. B. 3. C.l. D.4. 3.8. Cho cac chat: KA1(S04)2.12H20 ,C2H30H ,C,2H220,, (.saccarozo),CH3COOH, Ca(0H)2, CH3COONH4. So chat dien li la A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2. 3.9. Tron 100 ml dung dich c6 pH = 1 g6m HCl va HNO, vdi 100 i il dung dich NaOH ndng dO a (mol//), thu duoc 200 ml dung dich c6 pH - !2. Gia tri cua a la (biet trong moi dung dich [H^][OH ] = j O""*) A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12. 3.10. Cho cac dung djch c6 ciing nong do: Na2C03(l), H2SO4 (2), I'CI (3), KNO3 (4). Gia tri pH cua cac dung djch duoc sap xep theo chili; ang tCr trai sang phai la A. (3), (2), (4), (1). B. (4), (1), (2), (3). C. (1),(2).(3),(4). D.(2),(3),(4),(l). 3.11. Nho tir ttr 0,25 lit dung dich NaOH 1,04M vao dung dich gdm 0,024 mol FeCl,; 0,016 mol Al2(S04), va 0,04 mol H2SO4 thu duoc m gam kel tiia. Gia tri ciia m la A. 2,568. B. 1,560. C. 4,128. D. 5,064. 3.12. Day g6m cac ion (khOng ki 6€n su phan li cua nude) ciing t6n tai trong mot dung dich la A. Al'^ NH^ , Br , OH. ^2 PC 3- B. Mg^^ K^ so^- c. H^ Fe'^ NO3, so^~. D. Ag^ Na\, cr. 3.13. Tron 100 ml dung dich h6n hop gom H2SO4 0,05M va HCl 0,1M vdi 100 ml dung djch h6n hop gom NaOH 0,2M va Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu duoc dung djch X. Dung djch X c6 pH la A. 12.8 B. 13,0 C. 1,0 D. 1,2 3.14. Dung dich X chiia hdn hop g6m Na^CO, 1,5M va KHCO, IM. Nho tiir tir timg giot cho den het 200 ml dung djch HCl IM vao 100 ml dung djch X, sinh ra V lit khi (0 dktc). Gia trj ciia V la A. 3,36 B. 1,12 C. 4,48 D. 2,24 3.15. D6't chay hoan toan m gam h6n hop 3 ancol don chirc, thuOc ciiiii, day d6ng dang, thu duoc 3,808 lit khi CO2 (dktc) va 5,4 gam H2O. Gia trj cCia m la A. 5,42. B. 4,72. C. 7,42. D. 5,72. [...]... don chuc Y va cac cha't v6 co Khd'i lucmg phan lir (theo dvC) ciia Y la A 85dvC B 68dvC C 45dvC D 46dvC 12.11 Cho 5,9 gam amin don chtic X tac dung vira du v6i dung dich HCl, sau khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan thu dugc dung dich Y Lam bay hoi dung So c6ng thitc ca'u tao umg vdi c6ng thi' rc phan tir cua X la ' B 2 c6ng thirc C '3 c6ng thuc D 4 cCng thiic 12.12 Trong phan tijr amino axit X co mAt nhom... Hidrocacbon Y la A CH, B QHj C C,H, D Q H 4 10.21 Andehit no mach ho X c6 cong thiic don gian nha't QHp C6ng thiJc phan vx cua X la 'A CMI,O B Q,a,o, C C V P , C,H,P4- 10.22 Hai r:hat X va Y c6 cung c6ng thiic phan tir C^HA duoc \'6\m loai Na va tham gia plian Uiig (rang bac Chat Y phan umg duoc voi kim loai Na va hoa tan duoc CaCO, Cong thiic cua X, Y Ian lucft la A HCOOCH,, HOCHjCHO Chat X phan ling B HCOOCH,,... va capron n6u trSn l^n lugt la I A 121 va 114 B I21v2il52 C 113val52 D 113vall4 Cho so dd chuyin hda: CH4 C2H2 -)> C2H3CI ^ PVC De t6ng hgp 250kg PVC theo sa dd tren thi cAn Vm^ khi thien nhifin (d dktc) Gia tri ciia V la (biet CH4 chiem 80% M tich khi thien nhien va hieu sua't ciia ca qua trinh la 50%): A 224,0 B 286,7 C 358,4 D 448,0' 14.7 Polime c6 ca'u true mang kh6ng gian (mang ludi) la A PE B... cau tao cua nhau cd ciing cong thiic phan tu C4HXO2, deu tac dung dugc vdi dung dich NaOH la A 5 B 3 C 6 D 4 15.6 Hap chat huu ca X (phan tur c6 v6ng benzen) c6 c6ng thirc phan lis la QH^Oj, tac dung dugc vdi Na va v6'i NaOH Biet rang khi cho X tac dung vdi Na du, sd' mol H2 bang s6' mol X tham gia phan ling va X chi tac dung dugc vdri NaOH theo ti le s6' mol 1:1 C6ng thirc ca'u tao thu gon cila X... thu dugc m2 gam mud'i Z Bi^'t m j - m, = 7,5 Cdng thiic phan tii ciia X la A C^HioOjNj B C4H«04N2 D.C,RP4N 2.19 Cho 10 gam amin ddn chiic X phan ling hoan toan vdi HCl (du), thu dugc ' 15 gam mud'i Sd ddng phan ca'u tao ciia X la A 5 B 7 C.4 D 8 2.20 Thuoc thiJr dugc diing dd phan biet G l y - A l a - G l y vdi G l y - A l a la A dung djch NaOH Cong thirc ciia X la A HjNC.H^COOH B H2NC,H,COOH C H2NC2H4COOH... cung c6ng thirc phan tir C^Hi.Nla A 4 B 2 C 5 D 3 12.14 Chat X CO cong thiJc phan til C , ! ! ^ ^ ^ va lam mat mau dung djch brom Ten ggi cua X la A metyl aminoaxetat B axit p-aminopropionic C axit a-aminopropionic D amoni acrylat 12.15 S6 dipcptit t6'i da co the tao ra tir mOt h6n hgp g6ni alanin va glyxin la A 1 B 2 C 3 An A H2NC,H,(COOH)2 C.C,H,,02N dich Y dugc 9,55 gam mu6'i khan A 5 c6ng thiic 12.17... tich dung dich N a O H toi thi^ u c^n dung la A 300 m l B 200 m l C 150 m ! D 400 m l 11.13 D u n nong 6,0 gam C H 3 C O O H v6i 6,0 gam QH^^OH (c6 H2SO4 lam xiic A 4,05 B 8,10 C 16,20 D 18,00 11.19 X a phong hoa mdt hgp cha't cd cdng thiic phan tir C|„H|40f, trong dung d i c h N a O H (du), thu dugc glixerol va hdn hgp gdm ba mud'i (khdng cd ddng phan hinh hoc) Cdng thiJc ciia ba mud'i do la A... phan ti^ trung vdi c6ng thiic don gian r.hau vira tac dung vori axit viira tac dung v6i kiem trong dieu kien thich hop 1 rung phan tur X, thanh phAn pMn tram kh6'i lugng ciia cac nguyfin t6' C, H, N Ian iuot bang 40,449% ; 7,865% va 15,73% ; con lai la oxi Khi cho 4,45 gam X phan iJng hoan toan vdi mot luong vira dii dung dich NaOM (dun nong) thu dugc 4,85 gam mudi khan Cong thiirc ca'u tao thu gon... gam Gia tri cua a la A 2,62 B 2,32 A 0,55 B 0,60 C 2,52 D 2,22 C 0,45 D 0,40 6.12 H6n hop X g6m Na va A l Cho m gam X vao m6t lucmg du nudrc thi thoat ra V 1ft khf Neu cung cho m gam X vao dung dich NaOH (du) thi thu dugc 1,75 V 1ft khf Th&nh phitn ph^n tram theo khd'i lugng ciia Na trong X la (biet the tfch khf do d cung di^u kien) 6.19 Cho 2,13 gam h6n hgp X gdm ba kim loai la M g , Cu va A l 6 dang... hoan toan m gam Ag bang dung dich HNO3 dac, sinh ra 2,24 lit N O 2 (san phaim kh\J duy nha't, d dktc) C6ng thiirc cua X la: A C,H7CH0 15.20 Day gdm cac chat dugc xep theo chieu nhict dg s6i tang d^n tir trai sang phai la Phat bieu diing la B Luc bazo cua anilin manh hon cua amoniac +Y C Cao su thien nhifin la san pham trdng hgp cua isopren X + H2SO4 loang -> Z + T Diet Y va Z deu co phan ung trang Hat . TRAN TUAN VI$T TUYENCHON BAI THI TRAC NGHIEM THEO CAU TRUC DE THI MON HOA HOC (Dung de on luyen thi tot nghiep THPT va Dai hoc, Cao dang; THi; VIENTIWHBINH THUAN NHA XUAT. Cuon sach "Tuyen chon b^i thi trac nghiem theo cau true cJe thi - Mon Hoa hoc" danh cho hoc sinh dang on luyen thi tot nghiep Tl ;PT /a thi vao cac trUdng Dai hoc va Cao. sSp xep cac bai thi trSc nghiem theo trinh tifcau true de thi, dong thdi rat chu </ den npi dung va xu hirdng mdi ra de thi trac nghiem cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao (de thi giam npi dung