by Ann J. Jacobs Scott Foresman Science 2.8 Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Captions • Call Outs • Labels • Glossary Matter ISBN 0-328-13790-1 ì<(sk$m)=bdhjaj< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U Physical Science 13790_CVR_FSD Cover113790_CVR_FSD Cover1 5/9/05 4:54:46 PM5/9/05 4:54:46 PM by Ann J. Jacobs Scott Foresman Science 2.8 Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Captions • Call Outs • Labels • Glossary Matter ISBN 0-328-13790-1 ì<(sk$m)=bdhjaj< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U Physical Science 13790_CVR_FSD Cover113790_CVR_FSD Cover1 5/9/05 4:54:46 PM5/9/05 4:54:46 PM Vocabulary gas liquid mass mixture property solid states of matter What did you learn? 1. What are the three states of matter? 2. What is one way solids are different from liquids and gases? 3. Heating can change matter. Write to explain how heating can change the state of matter. Use words from the book as you write. 4. Draw Conclusions You put a glass of ice cubes outside on a very hot day and returned later to find the glass had only water in it. What happened to cause the change? Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (CR) ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images, (Bkgd) ©Charles Gupton/Corbis; 2 Brand X Pictures, (CR) Getty Images; 16 Brand X Pictures; 21 ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd. ISBN: 0-328-13790-1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 13790_CVR_FSD Sec1:213790_CVR_FSD Sec1:2 5/9/05 4:54:57 PM5/9/05 4:54:57 PM Properties of Matter by Ann J. Jacobs 13790_01-24_FSD 113790_01-24_FSD 1 5/9/05 4:55:31 PM5/9/05 4:55:31 PM What is matter? Everything is made of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is how much matter is in something. All things made of matter have mass. Everything you see is made of matter. 2 13790_01-24_FSD 213790_01-24_FSD 2 5/9/05 4:55:37 PM5/9/05 4:55:37 PM Matter is made of small parts. A hand lens helps you see small parts up close. Some things you cannot see are made of matter. Air has matter! 3 13790_01-24_FSD 313790_01-24_FSD 3 5/9/05 4:55:44 PM5/9/05 4:55:44 PM 4 Properties of Matter Different kinds of matter have different properties. A property is something you can observe about an object. Color is a property of matter. Shape is a property of matter. Size is a property of matter too. What colors are the pipe cleaners? Are they big or small? 13790_01-24_FSD 413790_01-24_FSD 4 5/9/05 4:55:49 PM5/9/05 4:55:49 PM 5 How much something weighs is a property of matter. How something feels is a property of matter. Is the brush hard or soft? How does the cup feel? Do you think the sponge weighs a lot? 13790_01-24_FSD 513790_01-24_FSD 5 5/9/05 4:56:02 PM5/9/05 4:56:02 PM 6 What are the states of matter? There are three states of matter. The states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Gas 13790_01-24_FSD 613790_01-24_FSD 6 5/9/05 4:56:14 PM5/9/05 4:56:14 PM 7 Solid Liquid 13790_01-24_FSD 713790_01-24_FSD 7 5/9/05 4:56:16 PM5/9/05 4:56:16 PM 8 A solid is matter that has its own size and shape. Solids take up space. Solids have mass. You can use a balance to find the mass of a solid. Use a ruler to find out how long, wide, and tall solids are. 13790_01-24_FSD 813790_01-24_FSD 8 5/9/05 4:56:23 PM5/9/05 4:56:23 PM 9 Crayons are solids. Each crayon has a color. Notebooks are solids. Notebooks have a shape. 13790_01-24_FSD 913790_01-24_FSD 9 5/9/05 4:56:35 PM5/9/05 4:56:35 PM 10 Liquids Liquid is matter that does not have its own shape. Liquids take the shape of what they are in. Liquids take up space and have mass. 13790_01-24_FSD 1013790_01-24_FSD 10 5/9/05 4:56:42 PM5/9/05 4:56:42 PM 11 Liquids can be measured. Use a cup such as this one. Volume is the amount of space a liquid takes up. Water is a liquid. Put water in a jar. The water will take the shape of the jar. 13790_01-24_FSD 1113790_01-24_FSD 11 5/9/05 4:56:48 PM5/9/05 4:56:48 PM Gases Gas does not have its own shape. Gas is matter that takes the size and shape of what it is in. Gas takes up all the space inside what it is in. 12 Gas fills the balloons. Gas takes the size and shape of the balloons. 13790_01-24_FSD 1213790_01-24_FSD 12 5/9/05 4:56:52 PM5/9/05 4:56:52 PM 13 Gas can change size and shape. Gas has mass. You breathe air. Air is made of gases. Gas fills the bubble. Gas takes the size and shape of the bubble. 13790_01-24_FSD 1313790_01-24_FSD 13 5/9/05 4:57:07 PM5/9/05 4:57:07 PM 14 How can matter be changed? Matter can be changed in many ways. You can change the size of matter. You can change the shape of matter. Fold paper into a new shape. Press clay into a new shape. 13790_01-24_FSD 1413790_01-24_FSD 14 5/9/05 4:57:11 PM5/9/05 4:57:11 PM 15 Rip paper to change its size. Bend a pipe cleaner to change its shape. 13790_01-24_FSD 1513790_01-24_FSD 15 5/9/05 4:57:25 PM5/9/05 4:57:25 PM 16 Mixing and Separating Matter You can put different kinds of matter together. This makes a mixture. A mixture is made up of two or more things. These things do not change. 13790_01-24_FSD 1613790_01-24_FSD 16 5/9/05 4:57:32 PM5/9/05 4:57:32 PM 17 This is a mixture of fruits. You can see each part. You can separate a mixture. The parts stay the same. 13790_01-24_FSD 1713790_01-24_FSD 17 5/9/05 4:57:45 PM5/9/05 4:57:45 PM [...]... mass solid What did you learn? matter that has mass and can change size and shape matter that takes up space and has mass, but does not have its own shape 2 What is one way solids are different from liquids and gases? 3 Heating can change matter Write to explain how heating can change the state of matter Use words from the book as you write 4 Draw Conclusions You put a glass of ice cubes outside on a very... liquid when it meets a cold glass See the water drops 20 21 Heating Matter Heating can change the state of matter Heat can change solids to liquids Heat can change liquids to gases Ice and snow melt when it is warm Solid water changes to a liquid Heat can change other matter from solids to liquids Wax melts when you burn a candle Look at the matter around you What will stay the same? What can change? Heat... Conclusions You put a glass of ice cubes outside on a very hot day and returned later to find the glass had only water in it What happened to cause the change? the amount of matter in an object states of matter mixture something made up of two or more things that do not change property something about an object that you can find out with your senses Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission... mixture is made with salt and water There are different ways to separate mixtures The matter can sink The water can evaporate Look at this mixture You can see the sand and the water Look at this mixture What do you think will happen when the water evaporates? 18 19 How can cooling and heating change matter? Water is matter Water can change Water will freeze when it is very cold The water will change... the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (CR) ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images, (Bkgd) ©Charles Gupton/Corbis; 2 Brand X Pictures, (CR) Getty Images; 16 Brand X Pictures; 21 ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd solid matter that... ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd solid matter that has its own mass, shape, and size states of matter ISBN: 0-328-13790-1 solids, liquids, and gases Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited... regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 24 1 What are the three states of matter? . see are made of matter. Air has matter! 3 13790_01-24_FSD 313790_01-24_FSD 3 5/9/05 4:55:44 PM5/9/05 4:55:44 PM 4 Properties of Matter Different kinds of matter have different properties. A. much matter is in something. All things made of matter have mass. Everything you see is made of matter. 2 13790_01-24_FSD 213790_01-24_FSD 2 5/9/05 4:55:37 PM5/9/05 4:55:37 PM Matter is made of. PM5/9/05 4:54:57 PM Properties of Matter by Ann J. Jacobs 13790_01-24_FSD 113790_01-24_FSD 1 5/9/05 4:55:31 PM5/9/05 4:55:31 PM What is matter? Everything is made of matter. Matter is anything