Bài tập ngữ pháp Tiếng anh 8

+ V-ing + Ved/3 ƠN TẬP THI HKII – TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 I . The uses of tenses : (cách sử dụng thì) 1. Câu khẳng đònh: THÌ CÔNG THỨC TRẠNG TỪ 1. Simple Present -I, We, You, They + Vo -He, She, It + Vs / es ( Be -> Am/ Is/ Are ) Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every (day, week, year, …) 2. Simple Past -S + Ved / 2 Yesterday, ago, in (1990), last (night, week, year,…) 3. Simple Future -I, We + Shall + Vo -S + Will Tomorrow, next (week, year,…), in(2010), … 4. Present Continuous -I + Am -He, She, It + Is + V-ing -We, You, They + Are Now, rightnow, at the moment, while + th/ gian ở hiện tại, At present, Look !, Listen ! 5. Past Continuous -I, He, She, It + Was -We, You, They + Were At (10 a.m yesterday), While + th/ gian ở q khứ 6. Present Perfect -I, We, You, They + Have -He, She, It + Has Since, for(+th/ gian), just, yet, already, ever, never, recently,… 7. Past Perfect -S + Had + Ved/ 3 Before, by the time , After, … 2. Câu phủ đònh và câu nghi vấn: THÌ CÂU PHỦ ĐỊNH CÂU NGHI VẤN 1. Simple Present S + Do + Not + Vo + Does Do + S + Vo … ? Does (V:động từ thường) 2. Simple Past S + Did + Not + Vo Did + S + Vo … ? (V:động từ thường) 3. Simple Future S + Will + Not + Vo Shall Will + S + Vo … ? Shall 4. Present Cont. S + Am + Not + V-ing Is/ Are Am + S + V-ing … ? Is/ Are 5. Past Cont. S + Was + Not + V-ing Were Was + S + V-ing ? Were 6. Present Perfect S + Have + Not + Ved/ 3 Has Have + S + Ved/ 3 … ? Has 7. Past Perfect S + Had + Not + Ved/ 3 Had + S + Ved/ 3 … ? • Thì hiện tại đơn : +Ves khi động từ tận cùng là S, Sh, Ch, X, O, Z Ex: He watches T.V every night. II. Passive Voice: (Thể bò động) 1. General Formation :(Công thức tổng quát) Active: ( Ved/ 3 = Past participle ) Passive: ( Be: chia cùng thì với động từ chính V của câu chủ động ) 1 S + V + O S + BE + Ved/ 3 + By O 2. Công thức thể bò động của các thì: Tên thì Passive voice 1. Hiện tại đơn S + Am/ Is/ Are + Ved/ 3 + By O 2. Quá khứ đơn S + Was/ Were + Ved/ 3 + By O 3. Modals ( will/ shall/ can/ may/ must/ would/ should/ could/ might …) S + Will + Be + Ved/ 3 + By O Shall Can … 4. Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + Am/ Is/ Are + Being + Ved/ 3 + By O 5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + Was/ Were + Being + Ved/ 3 + By O 6. Hiện tại hoàn thành S + Has/ Have + Been + Ved/ 3 + By O III. Comparison: ( So sánh ) 1. So sánh bằng: Ex: - He is as tall as his friend. - John drives as carefully as Tom. 2. So sánh hơn: Ex: - He is taller than his friend. John drives more carefully than Tom 3. So sánh nhất: Ex : - This is the longest river in the world. - Spring is the most beautiful season of the year. • Short adj/ adv ( Tính từ ngắn/ trạng từ ngắn): đọc chỉ có một âm tiết. (Ex: tall, hot, fast, …) • Long adj/ adv ( Tính từ dài/ trạng từ dài ): đọc có từ hai aa6m tiết trở lên. (Ex: famous, beautiful, carefully, … ) • Một số ghi chú trong so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất: 1. Tính từ ngắn: a. Tận cùng là một phụ âm, đứng trước nó là một nguyên âm (a, e, I, o, u) -> thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm –ER hoặc EST Ex: Hot -> Hotter -> The hottest ( Nóng) b. Tận cùng là –E thì ta chỉ thêm –R hoặc –ST. Ex: Large -> Larger -> The largest. ( Rộng) c. Tận cùng là –Y, đứng trước nó là một phụ âm thì ta đổi –Y thành –I trước khi thêm -ER hoặc –EST. Ex: Dry -> Drier -> The driest. ( Khô) 2. Tính từ có hai âm tiết : tận cùng là –Y, -LE, -OW, -ER thì được dùng như tính từ ngắn (tức là thêm –ER hoạc –EST). Ex: Happy -> Happier -> The happiest ( Hạnh phúc) Simple-> Simpler -> The simplest( Đơn giản) 2 AS + adj/ adv + AS Short adj/ adv + -ER + THAN MORE + long adj/ adv Short adj/ adv + -EST THE + MOST + long adj/ adv Narrow -> Narrower -> The narrowest ( Hẹp) Clever -> Cleverer -> The cleverest ( Khéo léo) • Một số bất qui tắc trong so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất: So sánh hơn So sánh nhất -Good -> Better -> The best ( Tốt) Well -Bad -> Worse -> The worst ( Xấu, tệ) Badly -Much -> More -> The most ( Nhiều) Many -Little -> Less -> The least ( Ít) -Far -> Farther -> The farthest ( Xa) Further -> The furthest * So sánh hơn -> So sánh không bằng: Ex: - A horse is stronger than a dog. -> A dog is not as strong as a horse. - A car is more expensive than a bicycle. -> A bicycle isn’t so expensive as a car. - Iron isn’t so precious as gold. -> Gold is more precious than iron. IV. The structure: “ It’s + Adj + To infitive …” ( Thật là …) Ex:a- To lie on the beach all day is wonderful.  It is wonderful to lie on the beach. b- Speaking English fluently is difficult.  It’s difficult to speak English fluently. c- It’s easy to find the notice board in the hall.  To find the notice board in the hall is easy. V. Prepositions: (giới từ) ( at, in, on, of,for, about, by, up, with, without, …) • Time (Thời gian) 1. At + giờ Ex: at 9 o’clock 2. In + năm Ex: in 1985 + tháng in May + mùa in Summer 3. On + thứ trong tuần. Ex: on Monday + tháng, ngày. on September 5 th 3 S1 + Be + short adj+ -ER + THAN + S2 MORE+ long adj S2 + Be + Not + AS + adj + AS + S1 SO To V … + is + adj V-ing… + is + adj -> It is + adj + to V + tháng, ngày, năm. on April 30 th , 1975. 4. Since + thời điểm. Ex: since 1990 ( thì hiện tại hoàn thành) For + khoảng thời gian. for 2 years 5. From . . . to . . . Ex: from 1995 to 2000 ( từ . . . đến . . .) • Place (Nơi chốn): 1. At + nơi nhỏ, hẹp Ex: at home, at school. 2. In + nơi rộng lớn in HCM city, in England, in the world. 3. -In the middle of (ở giữa) - In front of (ở trước ) -In the centre of (ở trung tâm) - On the top of ( ở trên đỉnh) • Manner (thể cách): 1. By + phương tiện đi lại. Ex: by car ( plane, train, ship . . .) 2 By + O ( bởi, passive voice) Ex: America was discovered by Columbus. 3 On foot ( đi bộ) • Direction – Motion ( Phương hướng- Chuyển động): 1. In the North ( South, East, West) : ở phía Bắc ( Nam, Đông, Tây ) 2. On the left ( right ) : ở bên trái ( phải) 3. -From ( từ) - To ( đến ) -Into ( vào trong) • Some expressions: -to take part ( in) : tham gia vào - to be interested ( in) : thích, quan tâm - to check ( in) : đăng ký - to be fond ( of) : thích - to be proud ( of) : tự hào về - to remind ( of) : gợi nhớ về - to even ( up) : san bằng ( tỉ số) - to talk ( about) sth : nói về - to tell ( about ) sth : kể về - to look ( at) : nhìn. Ngắm - to look ( for) : tìm, kiếm - to look ( after) : chăm sóc - to be good ( at) : giỏi về - to be bad ( at) : dở về - to be afraid ( of) : sợ, e ngại VI. Gerund – Infinitive: ( động từ thêm –ING và động từ nguyên mẫu ) • Qui tắc chung : thông thường hai động từ cách nhau bởi “ TO”. Ex: She wants to see her friend. - Advise - Ask - Request + O + to V - Tell - Beg Ex: My mother advises me to get up early. • Một số ngoại lệ : 1. Những động từ được theo sau bởi “gerund”: - Keep - Enjoy - Finish + V-ING - Prefer - Practice - Mind Ex: The children kept talking about the acrobats. 2. Những động theo sau bởi “gerund” hoặc “ to infinitive”: 4 - Like - Love V-ING - Hate + - Begin to V - Start Ex: Do you like reading novels ? to read 3. Giới từ ( in, at, on,of,…) + V-ING Ex: English people are fond of watching football. 4. Thể truyền khiến ( causative form): - Have + S.O + V ( active) - Have + S.T + Ved/ 3 ( passive) - Make + O + V Ex:- I have my brother repair my bicycle. - They had their suitcases taken upstairs to their rooms. - The clown made us laugh a lot. 5. Used to và be used to: - Used to + V : đã thường (ở quá khứ và không còn nữa) - Be used to + V-ING: quen với. Ex: - Mr Brown used to take his children to the zoo. - My mother is used to getting up early. MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC THÔNG DỤNG Stt Vo ( Nguyên mẫu ) V2 ( Quá khứ ) V3 (Quá khứ phân từ) Nghóa Việt 1. Be Was / Were Been Thì, là, ở 2. Become Became Become Trở nên 3. Begin Began Begun Bắt đầu 4. Blow Blew Blown Thổi 5. Break Broke Broken Đập, phá vở 6. Bring Brought Brought Mang đến 7. Build Built Built Xây dựng 8. Buy Bought Bought Mua 9. Catch Caught Caught Bắt kòp, đuổi theo 10. Choose Chose Chosen Chọn lựa 11. Come Came Come Đến 12. Cut Cut Cut Cắt, chặt 13. Do Did Done Làm 14. Draw Drew Drawn Vẽ tranh 15. Drink Drank Drunk Uống (rượu) 16. Drive Drove Driven Lái xe 17. Eat Ate Eaten Ăn 18. Fall Fell Fallen Té, ngã, rơi 19. Feel Felt Felt Cảm thấy 20. Find Found Found Tìm thấy 21. Fly Flew Flown Bay 22. Forget Forgot Forgotten Quên 23. Get Got Got / Gotten Có được 24. Give Gave Given Cho 25. Go Went Gone Đi 5 26. Grow Grew Grown Trồng, mọc 27. Have Had Had Có, dùng cơm 28. Hear Heard Heard Nghe 29. Hold Held Held Cầm, nắm, tổ chức 30. Keep Kept Kept Giữ 31. Know Knew Known Biết 32. Learn Learnt/ learned Learnt/ learned Học 33. Leave Left Left Rời khỏi, để lại 34. Make Made Made Chế tạo, làm 35. Meet Met Met Gặp mặt 36. Pay Paid Paid Trả (tiền) 37. Put Put Put Đặt để 38. Read Read Read Đọc 39. Ring Rang Rung Reo chuông 40. Run Ran Run Chạy 41. Say Said Said Nói 42. See Saw Seen Thấy, xem 43. Sell Sold Sold Bán 44. Send Sent Sent Gửi 45. Sing Sang Sung Ca hát 46. Sit Sat Sat Ngồi 47. Sleep Slept Slept Ngủ 48. Speak Spoke Spoken Nói 49. Spend Spent Spent Trãi qua, tiêu xài 50. Stand Stood Stood Đứng 51. Steal Stole Stolen n cắp 52. Take Took Taken Cầm, lấy, dẫn đi 53. Teach Taught Taught Dạy học 54. Tell Told Told Kể, bảo 55. Think Thought Thought Suy nghó 56. Understand Understood Understood Hiểu 57. Win Won Won Chiến thắng 58. Write Wrote Written Viết VII. So . . . that … (quá … đến nỗi…) Ex: Lan was very busy. She couldn’t go to the movies with us. -> Lan was too busy that she couldn’t go to the movies with us. VIII. Such . . . that . . . Ex: a- She is a beautiful girl. Everybody admires her. -> She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her. b- It was hot tea. I couldn’t drink it. -> It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it. c- They are interesting books . We want to look at them again. -> They are such interesting books that we want to look at them again. 6 SO + adj/ adv + THAT + clause SUCH + a(n) + adj + Noun + THAT + clause IX. Too . . . to 1. Khi cùng chủ ngữ: ( quá . . . không thể . . .) Ex: a- She ran very slowly. She couldn’t catch the train. -> She ran too slowly to catch the train. 2. Khi khác chủ ngữ: Ex: The questions are very difficult. We can’t answer them. -> The questions are too difficult for us to answer. X. Enough . . . to . . . 1. Khi cùng chủ ngữ: ( đủ . . . để có thể . . .) Ex: He is strong. He can carry this table. -> He is strong enough to carry this table. 2.Khi khác chủ ngữ: Ex: Those shoes are large. You can wear them.  Those shoes are large enough for you to wear EXERCISE *Rewrite the following sentences as directed in parentheses: 1. The weather was bad. I had to stay at home. ( so . . . that) 2. New York was a very big city. Jane was lost in it. (such . . . that) 3. The policeman ran fast. He could catch the thief. (enough . . . to) 4. The dress is so dirty. She can’t wear it. ( too . . . to ) 5. The play was interesting. It attracted many people. (double comparative) 6. The house is large. My family can live in it. ( enough . . . to) 7. My grandmother is very weak. She can’t lift the box. (too . . . to ) 8. The lesson is difficult. We try hard. (double comparative) 9. My neighbours are very bad persons. They make noise all day. (such . . . that) 10. He spoke very fast. I didn’t understand him. (so . . . that) CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP I. Put the verbs in the correct forms ( tenses): 1. Mr Alan ( work ) __________ for that company since 1990. 2. She ( not take ) _______________ music lessons last Sunday. 3. The thief ( go ) ______________ away before the police came. 4. I ( receive ) ___________________ your letter about two weeks ago. 5. My mother always ( get ) _________________ up early. 7 TOO + adj/ adv + TO Vo TOO + adj/ adv + for O + TO Vo Adj/ adv + ENOUGH + To Vo Adj / adv + ENOUGH + for O + To Vo 6. When we came, they ( build ) ________________ a new library. 7. What you ( do) _________________ now ? 8. It’s raining heavily. I wish it ( stop) _____________ raining. 9. If you go to the party, I ( come) _______________ with you. 10. Most children enjoy ( read ) _____________ picture- books. 1/ has worked 2/ didn’t take 3/ had gone 4/ received 5/ gets 6/ were building 7/ are you doing 8/ stopped 9/ will come 10/ reading II. Turn these sentences into Passive Voice: 1. She can speak English. __________________________________________________________________ 2. Taxis and buses are taking tourists around the city. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Did he translate this novel into Vietnamese last year ? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Mr Brown doesn’t take his children to the circus today. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. When did Columbus discover America ? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Someone has just carried the Olympic torch to the stadium. ____________________________________________________________________ 8. The interviewer will ask you a lot of questions. ____________________________________________________________________ 9. They were cutting grass when the car stopped near the gate. ____________________________________________________________________ 10. I meet John at the bus-stop every morning. ____________________________________________________________________ 1/ English can be spoken. 2/ Tourists are being taken around the city by taxis and buses. 3/ Was this novel translated last year? 4/ His homework hasn’t been finished yet. 5/ Mr Brown’s children aren’t taken to the circus today. 6/ When was America discovered by Columbus? 7/ The Olympic torch has just been carried to the stadium. 8/ You will be asked a lot of questions by the interviewer. 9/ Grass was being cut when the car stopped near the gate. 10/ John is met at the bus stop every morning. III. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition: 1. English people are fond _______ football. 2. Are you interested _______ picture- books ? 3. She often stays ______ home ______ Sundays. 4. Don’t tell your sister _________ that news. 5. The pupils often go _____ school _____ bicycles. 6. The first May Day meeting was held _______ 1890. 7. Are you afraid _______ swimming in the sea ? 8. My brother is good ______ English. 9. My uncle lives _______ Ho chi minh city. 10. The boy was born ________ a very rich family. 1/ of 2/ in 3/ at – on 4/ about 5/ to – by 6/ in 7/ of 8/ at 9/ in 10/ in IV. Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets: 1. He is ( young ) ____________ than I am. 2. She is ( old ) ___________ as my sister. 3. Mary is the ( beautiful ) _______________ girl in her class. 4. Which is ( big ) _____________, France or Thailand ? 5. Maths is ( difficult ) ________________ than History. 6. A Ford isn’t ( comfortable ) _________________ as a Mercedes. 8 7. This is the ( powerful) _____________ machine in the whole factory. 8. Your watch is ( good ) ____________________ than mine. 9. She walks ( slowly ) ________________ as Betty. 10. Nobody is ( happy ) ________________ than Jane. 1/ younger 2/ as old 3/ most beautiful 4/ bigger 5/ more difficult 6/ as comfortable 7/ most powerful 8/ better 9/ as slowly 10/ happier V. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one : 1. Mary hasn’t returned my book yet.  My book ……………………………………………… 2. Her house is bigger than mine.  My house …………………………………………… 3. To find a job at my age is difficult.  It’s ………………………………………………………… 4. Mai is younger than Lan.  Lan ………………………………………………………… 5. My parents sent me to school when I was six years old.  I ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. To get acquainted with the regulation in a new school is easy.  It’s ………………………………………………………………………………… 7. A bicycle isn’t so expensive as a motorbike.  A motorbike ……………………………………………………………… 8. The principle doesn’t write this letter.  This letter ………………………………………………… 9. Smoking a lot is harmful.  It’s ………………………………………… 10. Mary is making a birthday cake in the kitchen.  A birthday cake ………………………………………………………… 1/ hasn’t been returned by Mary yet. 2/ isn’t as big as hers 3/ difficult to find a job at my age 4/ isn’t as young as Mai 5/ was sent to school when I was six years old. 6/ easy to get acquainted with the regulation in a new school 7/ is more expensive than a bicycle 8/ isn’t written by the principle 9/ harmful to smoke a lot 10/ is being made in the kitchen by Mary VI. Read the following passage and then answer the question below : Nowadays every high-school in Ho Chi Minh city has its own library. Nam’s school library is not as big as other public libraries but it is well-equipped with a variety of books. On open shelves we can find such kinds of books as fiction, non-fiction, textbooks, newspapers and magazines. On Saturday mornings and during the break Nam and his friends often go to the library to read books and newspapers. Miss Lan, the librarian, is always at her desk to show them how to use the library cards when they want to borrow some reference books from the library. The school library helps Nam and his friends a lot in their study. * Questions: 1. Is Nam’s school library smaller or bigger than other public libraries ? __________________________________________________________ 2 2. When do Nam and his friends often go to the library ? 3 __________________________________________________________ 4 3. Is the school library helpful ? 5 __________________________________________________________ PUT THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSES 1. The weather ( be )……………………. very bad yesterday. 2. My mother always ( get ) …………………… up early. 3. Tom ( see ) ……………………his classmates at the party tomorrow. 4. He ( give ) ……………………me the letter a few minutes ago. 5. They ( make ) …………………… a lot of furniture next month. 9 6. Peter and Alice ( learn ) …………………… French for two years. 7. You ( finish ) your …………………… homework yet? 8. Please don’t say anything while I ( learn ) …………………… my lesson. 9. Tomorrow I ( put ) …………………… our presents on that table. 10. My friend ( never see ) …………………… that sight. 11. My uncle ( live ) ……………………in HCM city since last year. 12. He always ( stay ) …………………… in bed late on Sunday morning. 13. Peter and Daisy ( be ) …………………… born in 1978. 14. My sister always ( wash ) …………………… her hands before meals. 15. Look! The dog ( run ) ……………………after him. 16. Smith and Bobby ( read ) …………………… books at this moment. 17. Tom ( repair ) …………………… his bicycle last Friday. 18. Mary and I ( not watch ) …………………… TV last night. 19. I ( just buy ) ……………………a new shirt. 20. My brother came in while Tom and I ( play ) …………………… chess. 21. Mr. Pike ( work ) ……………………in this factory for ten years. 22. Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia ( be ) …………………… tropical countries. 23. HCM city ( be ) ……………………the largest city in Vietnam. 24. Where you ( go ) …………………… last night ? - I ( go ) …………………… to the cinema. 25. What you ( do ) …………………… every morning ? 26. You ever (be ) ……………………to Russia ? 27. We ( not meet ) …………………… him two days ago. 28. Uncle Ho ( die ) …………………… in 1969. 29. Mr Johnson ( stay ) …………………… in London now. 30. How she ( go ) ……………………to school every day ? - She ( go ) …………………… to school by bicycle. 1/ was 2/ gets 3/ will see 4/ gave 5/ will make 6/ have learnt 7/ have you finished 8/ am learning 9/ will put 10/ has never seen 11/ has lived 12/ stays 13/ were 14/ washes 15/ is running 16/ are reading 17/ repaired 18/ didn’t watch 19/ have just bought 20/ were playing 21/ has worked 22/ are 23/ is 24/ did you go – went 25/ do you do 26/ Have you ever been 27/ didn’t meet 28/ died 29/ is staying 30/ does she go - goes 10 . + V-ing + Ved/3 ƠN TẬP THI HKII – TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 I . The uses of tenses : (cách sử dụng thì) 1. Câu khẳng đònh: THÌ CÔNG THỨC. chặt 13. Do Did Done Làm 14. Draw Drew Drawn Vẽ tranh 15. Drink Drank Drunk Uống (rượu) 16. Drive Drove Driven Lái xe 17. Eat Ate Eaten Ăn 18. Fall Fell Fallen Té, ngã, rơi 19. Feel Felt Felt. 1. Khi cùng chủ ngữ: ( quá . . . không thể . . .) Ex: a- She ran very slowly. She couldn’t catch the train. -> She ran too slowly to catch the train. 2. Khi khác chủ ngữ: Ex: The questions