Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh 12 bài 3 (Câu gián tiếp) Câu gián tiếp: ( Reported speech / Indirect speech ) -Câu gián tiếp dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp từ người thứ nhất đến người thứ ba thông qua người thứ hai Một số lưu ý khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp: 1.Cần nhớ các cách thay đổi: -Thay đổi về thì: Thông thường , động từ trong câu gián tiếp sẽ đ ược lùi về một thì so với câu trực tiếp Direct Speech Reported Speech Simple present Simple past Present continuous Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Simple past Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect continuous Simple future Future in the past ( S + would + V) Conditional sentence type 1 Conditional sentence type 2 Conditional sentence type 2 Unchanged Conditional sentence type 3 -Đổi các từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn sao cho nghĩa các câu gián tiếp hợp lý , rõ ràng Direct speech Indirect speech This That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Ago Before Tomorrow The next day / The following day The day after tomorrow In two days' time Yesterday T he day before / The previous day The day before yesterday Two days before Next week The following week /The next week Last week The previous week/ The week before Last year The previous year / the year before 2. Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu: thường dùng các động từ sau trong câu gián tiếp: told, asked, ordered, suggested -Tell sb to do something -Ask sb to do something -Order sb to do something -Suggest that sb should do / do something -Suggest + Ving -Suggest sb doing something Eg1: He said to me: “Do it” He told me to do it Eg 2: He said to me :" Telephone me, please " He asked me to telephone him Eg3: “Don't be late for the meeting tomorrow”, he said to them He told them not to be late for the meeting the following day Eg 4: “Be calm , will you?” she said to us She ordered us to be calm Eg 5: “ Let 's go swimming now” they said They suggested that they should go swimming then Eg 6: They said:” Let 's not drink a lot of wine when we feel tired They suggested not drinking a lot of wine when we feel tired Eg 7: She said: “ Let him go to school”. “ He will be late for school” She suggested him going to school 3.Câu hỏi trong lời nói trực tiếp: a. Câu hỏi bắt đầu WHO, WHOM, WHAT, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW Chú ý : Đảo chủ ngữ lên trước động từ chính, bỏ trợ động từ Eg 1: “What is you name?” my teacher asked me My teacher asked me what my name was Eg 2: “ Where does she live?” they said to me They asked me where she lived Eg 3: “ Why did you go to school late?” he said to me He asked me why I had gone to school late b.Câu hỏi với YES- NO question như : BE, HAVE, HAD, CAN, COULD, DO, DOES : dùng Whether hoặc If Eg 1: “Is she your sister?”Miss Hoa asked me Miss Hoa asked me if she was my sister Eg 2: The police said to her “ Can you drive?” The police asked her if she could drive Eg 3: “ Does Alice understand Vietnamese?” they wanted to know They wanted to know if / weather Alice understood Vietnamese Lưu ý: Whether dùng để diễn tả sự lựa chọn và được thay thế bởi “or” Eg 1: Do you want to go by air or or by sea ? He asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea Eg 2: Do you want to ensure your car or not? He asked whether or not I wanted to ensure my car or not c.Câu cảm thán: -Các câu cảm thán dùng những động từ như : exclaim, greet, remark, cry out , complain, tuỳ theo nghĩa của câu cảm thán Eg1 : “What a beautiful skirt” She exclaimed that the skirt was beautiful Eg 2: “ Hello ,John! Where are you going now?” she said She greeted John and asked him where he was going then Eg 3: “ Oh! I have lost all money” he cried He cried out that he had lost all of money Eg 4 : “ Oh dear, my toothache is getting worse” she said She complained that her toothache is getting worse Eg 5 : “ Good!” he exclaimed He gave an exclamation that her toothache was getting worse Eg 6: He said to me: “ Thank you very much” He thanked me very much Eg 7 : They said to tourists: “ Welcome!” They welcomed tourists Eg 8: He said : “ Happy birthday” He wished me happy birthday Eg 9 : They said : “Clown” They called me a clown d.Shall/ would dùng để diễn tả một yêu cầu: Eg 1 : “Will you help me, please?” she told me She asked me to help her Eg 2:” Will you lend me your English dictionary?” Mai told me Mai asked me to lend her my English dictionary e. Shall / Would dùng để diễn tả một đề nghị , một lời mời Eg 1 : “ Shall I bring you some food?” the waiter said to me . Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh 12 bài 3 (Câu gián tiếp) Câu gián tiếp: ( Reported speech / Indirect speech ) -Câu gián. She suggested him going to school 3. Câu hỏi trong lời nói trực tiếp: a. Câu hỏi bắt đầu WHO, WHOM, WHAT, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW Chú ý : Đảo chủ ngữ lên trước động từ chính, bỏ trợ. to do it Eg 2: He said to me :" Telephone me, please " He asked me to telephone him Eg3: “Don't be late for the meeting tomorrow”, he said to them He told them not to be late for